Alcohol dehydrogenase 2 is a major hepatic enzyme for human retinol metabolism

The metabolism of all-gt;transgt;- and 9-gt;cisgt;-retinol/ retinaldehyde has been investigated with focus on the activities of human, mouse and rat alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (ADH2), an intriguing enzyme with apparently different functions in human and rodents. Kinetic constants were determined with an HPLC method and a structural approach was implemented by gt;in silicogt; substrate dockings. For human ADH2, the determined Kgt;mgt; values ranged from 0.05 to 0.3 μM and kgt;catgt; values from 2.3 to 17.6 mingt;−1gt;, while the catalytic efficiency for 9-cis-retinol showed the highest value for any substrate. In contrast, poor activities were detected for the rodent enzymes. A mouse ADH2 mutant (ADH2Pro47His) was studied that resembles the human ADH2 setup. This mutation increased the retinoid activity up to 100-fold. The Kgt;mgt; values of human ADH2 are the lowest among all known human retinol dehydrogenases, which clearly support a role in hepatic retinol oxidation at physiological concentrations. Received 12 October 2006; received after revision 6 December 2006; accepted 8 January 2007     

PAMAMSA-M树枝状配合物作用下环己烯的催化氧化

合成了12种PAMAMSA(1～6G) M(PAMAM为聚酰胺 胺,SA为水杨醛,G为代数,M分别为Fe3 ,Co2 离子)树枝状高分子催化剂.在101 325kPa、70℃和无溶剂条件下,这些催化剂对环己烯分子氧氧化反应的催化效果良好.反应以7 氧杂二环[4,1,0]己烷(1),2 环己基 1 醇(2),2 环己基 1 酮(3)和7 氧杂二环[4,1,0]己烷 2 酮(4)为主要产物.其中产物7 氧杂二环[4,1,0]己烷 2 酮(4)为此类氧化反应中首次报道的新产物.     

基于关系代数的遗传算法模型及其应用

运用选择、投影、广义笛卡尔积等关系代数运算 ,给出了遗传算法的搜索空间及个体、遗传算子和搜索最优解过程等关系代数形式的描述 ,建立了遗传算法的关系代数模型 ,给出了遗传算法的数学解释 .然后 ,给出建立遗传算法关系代数模型的意义 ,说明了数据挖掘和知识发现应用于遗传算法的可行性 .最后 ,用该模型描述了 2个常见用遗传算法解决的问题 ,即TSP问题和交互式遗传算法中的服装设计问题 ,结果表明该模型的可行性 .     

微机械陀螺仪反馈控制器鲁棒性分析及闭环接口检测电路设计

在分析微机械陀螺仪静电力反馈检测结构的基础上,提出了一种对现有Sigma-Delta静电力反馈检测方式的改进设计.对微机械陀螺仪闭环检测系统进行了离散化处理.基于Lyapunov稳定性原理,构造了一类能够使系统有限时间稳定的输出反馈控制器,并对其鲁棒性能进行了分析.该电路系统在Cadence平台下使用AMS 0.35 ...     

Management and Employees’ Collaboration: Is the Norwegian Work Life Model Suited for All?

Norway’s work life is known for its strong emphasis on the collaboration between employees, unions and managers. This article explores two case studies: two companies who are part of the same group of companies with the same owners, who are introducing broad collaboration. The same process was used to change employees’ participation in the development processes, but the results were different for each company. In this article we explore the factors that influence the implementation of broad collaboration between employees, unions and managers in the light of the Norwegian work life model and of the regional traditions. When introducing new collaboration patterns between managers, union and employees in a company, it is important to take regional traditions into consideration. One of the companies succeeded in implementing direct manager-employee collaboration, and the other company failed to implement broad collaboration. This article explores the reasons behind the different results. It further explores the experience from the two cases, and asks the question is the Norwegian work life model suited for all? The article suggests strategies for how to create an environment for broad collaboration in companies that have no such tradition.     

从随机和到随机和过程

随机和的概念是早就有的,但利用随机和的形式构造随机过程尚未见先例。本文首先引进随机和过程的概念,对过程的一些性质进行了探讨,并举例说明了随机和过程的应用。我们利用本文的结论对布朗运动问题给出了简单的解法,得出的结果与求解朗之万随机微分方程的结果是相合的。本文提出了随机耗散系统的概念,这种系统是广泛存在的,发现随机和过程是描述这种系统机制的有效工具。     

新型木工螺旋刨刀设计方面注记

本文根据新型木工螺旋刨刀生产中提出的设计问题,给出了计算公式及其依据,为新型木工螺旋刨刀的实际制造提供了依据。     

Identification and characterisation of two allelic forms of human alcohol dehydrogenase 2

The human alcohol dehydrogenase system is comprised of multiple forms that catalyse the oxidation/reduction of a large variety of alcohols and aldehydes. A transition that results in an Ile308Val substitution was identified in the human ADH2 gene by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. Screening a Swedish population revealed that Val308 was the most frequent allele (73%), and site-directed mutagenesis was used to obtain both allelozymes, which were expressed in Escherichia coli for characterisation. Thermostability was assayed by activity measurements and circular dichroism spectroscopy. The results showed that the 308Val substitution decreases protein stability, as compared to the Ile308 variant, an effect also demonstrated during prolonged storage. Ethanol, octanol, 12-hydroxydodecanoic acid and all-trans retinol were used as model substrates and, generally, slightly higher Km values were observed with Val at position 308. Finally, homology modelling, from mouse ADH2, further supported the decreased stability of the Val308 variant and located position 308 in the subunit interface of the molecule and in the vicinity of the active-site pocket entrance. In conclusion, the Ile308Val substitution represents a novel functional polymorphism within the human alcohol dehydrogenase gene cluster that may affect the metabolism of ethanol and other substrates.