利用DTMF技术实现电力线载波通信

介绍一种基于DTMF编码的电力线载波系统，该系统由双音频（DTMF）编译码芯片HT9200和MT8870、模拟乘法器MC1496和电力线耦合器组成。通过对系统组成原理的介绍，详细论述了系统的设计过程以及为了保证其通信的可靠性而采取的干扰和软件纠错措施。试验证明，该系统充分发挥了DTMF的优良性，是一套低成本的电力线载波数据通信系统。     

MPLS在虚拟专用网中的应用

首先阐述了虚拟专用网（VPN）和多协议标记交换（MPLS）技术的概念，又描述了MPLS协议在虚拟专用网建设中的应用。主要就MPLS技术应用于虚拟专用网的优势、MPLSVPN的网络结构、内部机制、工作过程及其完全性做了论述。     

鳜传染性脾肾坏死病毒ICR489基因序列分析

报道了鳜鱼传染性脾肾坏死病毒 (ISKNV)的ICR489基因结构及其序列分析。对ISKNVDNAKpnⅠB酶切片段的序列分析结果发现该序列中含有完整的ICR489基因。ISKNVICR489基因完整读码框为 10 11bp ,GC含量为 5 6 97% ,等电点为 6 82 ,编码一个长为 337aa、相对分子质量为 382 70的推定蛋白。结构分析发现该基因起始密码子上游具有启动子元件TATAbox,有反向重复序列可形成茎环 ,并有一段回文序列。ISKNV与其它 3种虹彩病毒 (FV3、RRV和LCDV_1)的ICR489基因氨基酸序列具有一定的同源性 ,但ISKNV与它们的同源性不高 ,序列比较和系统树分析发现ISKNV与蛙病毒属和淋巴囊肿病毒属的病毒都不尽相同     

煤基炭材料用作锂离子电池负极

以煤为前驱体，经700－1000℃炭化制得煤基炭材料，用X射线衍射和恒电流法研究了炭材料微晶结构的变化以及放电性能。研究发现，随着热处理温度的增加，煤基炭材料的微晶结构逐渐变得规整，首次放电容量下降。     

Counterfactual quantum computation through quantum interrogation

The logic underlying the coherent nature of quantum information processing often deviates from intuitive reasoning, leading to surprising effects. Counterfactual computation constitutes a striking example: the potential outcome of a quantum computation can be inferred, even if the computer is not run. Relying on similar arguments to interaction-free measurements (or quantum interrogation), counterfactual computation is accomplished by putting the computer in a superposition of 'running' and 'not running' states, and then interfering the two histories. Conditional on the as-yet-unknown outcome of the computation, it is sometimes possible to counterfactually infer information about the solution. Here we demonstrate counterfactual computation, implementing Grover's search algorithm with an all-optical approach. It was believed that the overall probability of such counterfactual inference is intrinsically limited, so that it could not perform better on average than random guesses. However, using a novel 'chained' version of the quantum Zeno effect, we show how to boost the counterfactual inference probability to unity, thereby beating the random guessing limit. Our methods are general and apply to any physical system, as illustrated by a discussion of trapped-ion systems. Finally, we briefly show that, in certain circumstances, counterfactual computation can eliminate errors induced by decoherence.     

基于符合变量运算的状态空间方程离散化

针对MATLAB控制系统工具箱中模型转换命令，不能对带符合变量连续状态空间方程进行离散化，提出借助符合数学工具箱中有关符合对象函数构成M文件，自动完成此过程，该方法与常规方法所得结果比较，两者完全一致，证明此方法的正确性和实用性。     

基于符号对象函数的状态反馈调节系统的CAD

针对MATLAB控制系统工具箱中极点配置函数 ,不能完成状态反馈调节系统计算问题 ,提出借助符号数学工具箱中有关符号对象函数 ,构成M文件 ,自动完成设计过程。该方法计算结果与仿真结果比较 ,两者完全一致 ,证明此方法的正确性和实用性     

Natural selection has driven population differentiation in modern humans

The considerable range of observed phenotypic variation in human populations may reflect, in part, distinctive processes of natural selection and adaptation to variable environmental conditions. Although recent genome-wide studies have identified candidate regions under selection, it is not yet clear how natural selection has shaped population differentiation. Here, we have analyzed the degree of population differentiation at 2.8 million Phase II HapMap single-nucleotide polymorphisms. We find that negative selection has globally reduced population differentiation at amino acid-altering mutations, particularly in disease-related genes. Conversely, positive selection has ensured the regional adaptation of human populations by increasing population differentiation in gene regions, primarily at nonsynonymous and 5'-UTR variants. Our analyses identify a fraction of loci that have contributed, and probably still contribute, to the morphological and disease-related phenotypic diversity of current human populations.     

An open-system quantum simulator with trapped ions

The control of quantum systems is of fundamental scientific interest and promises powerful applications and technologies. Impressive progress has been achieved in isolating quantum systems from the environment and coherently controlling their dynamics, as demonstrated by the creation and manipulation of entanglement in various physical systems. However, for open quantum systems, engineering the dynamics of many particles by a controlled coupling to an environment remains largely unexplored. Here we realize an experimental toolbox for simulating an open quantum system with up to five quantum bits (qubits). Using a quantum computing architecture with trapped ions, we combine multi-qubit gates with optical pumping to implement coherent operations and dissipative processes. We illustrate our ability to engineer the open-system dynamics through the dissipative preparation of entangled states, the simulation of coherent many-body spin interactions, and the quantum non-demolition measurement of multi-qubit observables. By adding controlled dissipation to coherent operations, this work offers novel prospects for open-system quantum simulation and computation.