Dielectric relaxation and conduction mechanism in Aurivillius ceramic Bi5Ti3FeO15

For this study, we synthesized Aurivillius Bi5Ti3FeO15 ceramic using the generic solid-state reaction route and then performed room-temperature X-ray diffraction to confirm that the compound had a single phase with no impurities. The surface morphology of the prepared sample was observed to contain microstructural grains approximately 0.2–2 μm in size. The dielectric properties of the sample were determ-ined as a function of frequency in a range of approximately 100 Hz to 1 MHz at various temperatures (303 K ≤ T ≤ 773 K). Nyquist plots of the impedance data were found to exhibit a semi-circular arc in the high-temperature region, which is explained by the equivalent electrical circuit (R1C1)(R2QC2), where R1 and R2 represent the resistances associated with the grains and grain boundaries, respectively, C1 and C2 are the re-spective capacitances, and Q is the constant phase element (CPE), which accounts for non-Debye type of behavior. Our results indicate that both the resistance and capacitance of the grain boundaries are more prominent than those of the grains. The alternating current (ac) conductiv-ity data were analyzed based on the Jonscher universal power law, which indicated that the conduction process is dominated by the hopping mechanism. The calculated activation energies of the relaxation and conduction processes were very similar (0.32 to 0.53 eV), from which we conclude that the same type of charge carriers are involved in both processes.     

祁连山玉石沟橄榄岩中非生物成因甲烷‒石墨流体包裹体及其形成条件

研究北祁连造山带玉石沟橄榄岩中富甲烷流体包裹体。激光拉曼光谱原位分析结果显示, 这些流体包裹体主要由液态或气态 CH₄+C(石墨)组成, 次要成分为N₂, H₂O, C₂H₆和C₃H₈, 代表还原性的C-H流体形式。根据石墨的拉曼特征谱峰, 利用石墨化碳质拉曼光谱(RSCM)温度计计算石墨形成温度, 结果指示石墨在流体中沉淀的最低温度介于430~590°C之间, 表明CH₄+C是非生物成因的, 并形成于地幔环境。     

Effect of Co substitution on the structural,dielectric and optical properties of KBiFe2O5

Cobalt (Co)-modified brownmillerite KBiFe2O5 (KBFO; [KBiFe2(1?x)Co2xO5 (x = 0, 0.05)]) polycrystalline is synthesized following the solid-state reaction route. Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction data confirmed the phase purity of KBFO and KBiFe1.9Co0.1O5 (KBFCO). The optical bandgap energy (Eg) of KBFO decreased from 1.59 to 1.51 eV because of Co substitution. The decrease in bandgap can be attributed to the tilting of the Fe–O tetrahedral structure of KBFCO. The observed room-temperature Raman peaks of KBFCO shifted by 3 cm?1 toward a lower wavenumber than that of KBFO. The shift in Raman active modes can be attributed to the change in the bond angles and bond lengths of the Fe–O tetrahedral structure and modification in response to oxygen deficiency in KBFO because of Co doping. Compared with that of KBFO, the frequency-dependent dielectric constant and dielectric loss of KBFCO decrease at room temperature, which is a con-sequence of the reduction in oxygen migration and modification in response to vibrational modes present in the sample.     

吡喃葡萄糖基咪唑啉盐表面活性剂的波谱学数据分析

以1-(2,6-二甲基苯基)-1H-咪唑与2-溴乙基葡萄糖苷为原料,一步合成了新化合物溴化1-(2,6-二甲基苯基)-3-[2-(2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基氧基)-乙基]-咪唑盐(化合物1),是一种咪唑啉盐表面活性剂。化合物1的结构中存在糖基,含有多个手性碳原子,导致其核磁共振氢谱和碳谱较为复杂。我们运用液相色谱-高分辨质谱(LC-HRMS)和元素分析(EA)确定了其化学组成,随后通过液体核磁共振波谱技术(包括1D和2D核磁共振手段,如~1H NMR、~(13)C NMR、DEPT90、DEPT135、~1H-~1H COSY、~1H-~(13)C HSQC、~1H-~(13)C HMBC)对化合物1的氢谱和碳谱信号进行了表征,通过解析对其结构进行了详尽归属。     

计算重构光谱分析仪研究进展

光谱测量广泛应用于科学研究及工业生产中，而传统光谱仪因体积庞大难以满足众多应用需求。近年来，快速发展的计算重构光谱分析仪因其具有紧凑小巧、高分辨率和大测量带宽等优势而成为研究热点。光波经过计算重构光谱分析仪后所产生的光斑图案与波长存在一一对应关系，因此采取合适的解调算法可以从生成的光斑图案中重构入射光谱信息。目前计算重构光谱仪已能实现am量级光谱分辨率以及数百nm的测量带宽。本综述介绍了目前各类型计算重构光谱分析仪的工作原理以及性能指标，探讨了不同类型计算重构光谱分析仪的优缺点，分析了进一步提升性能指标的方法，展示了一些基于计算重构光谱分析仪的应用，以及展望了其未来发展前景。     

MPA包覆的银纳米粒子修饰电极制备和电化学表征

运用自组装和电化学组装法,将MPA包裹的银纳米粒子修饰到金电极表面,制备成银纳米粒子单层和多层膜修饰电极. 循环电压-电流和电化学阻抗谱测定结果表明:以MPA包覆的银纳米粒子修饰电极的氧化电位明显负移,显示出银纳米粒子具有更高的活性. 以0.5mmol/L的K3[Fe(CN)6]溶液为检测体系,电化学阻抗谱测试得出电极表面对探针分子的阻碍作用有所增加. 循环电压-电流结果表明:与单层膜修饰电极相比,多层膜修饰电极的峰电流显著增加.     

充氢的X80高强钢在不同土壤中的电化学行为研究

基于极化曲线法和电化学阻抗谱法(EIS)研究充氢的X80高强钢在格尔木、大港站、大庆站、拉萨站4种模拟土壤溶液中的电化学行为。结果表明:不同充氢时间下的X80高强钢在4种模拟土壤溶液中的极化曲线均只表现出活化溶解状态,而未出现活化-钝化转变区,在一种土壤溶液中,其自腐蚀电位随充氢时间的延长逐渐下降,腐蚀电流密度增大,充氢促进了高强钢的腐蚀;在同一充氢时间下电荷转移电阻Rct在4种模拟土壤溶液中从拉萨站、大庆站、大港站到格尔木站依次减小。这4个站点土壤溶液耐腐蚀性能依次增强,与极化曲线中的分析结果一致。     

NaCl溶液中20Cr9Ni5Co14不锈钢电化学腐蚀行为

采用电化学极化技术(动电位极化技术、线性极化技术和循环极化技术)和交流阻抗技术研究了不同条件下20Cr9Ni5Co14超高强度不锈钢的电化学腐蚀行为,并采用扫描电镜对极化后腐蚀形貌进行了表征.结果表明,20Cr9Ni5Co14钢在3.5%(质量分数)Na Cl溶液中出现钝化.随着Na Cl浓度的升高,钝化现象消失,而自腐蚀电流密度从8.223×10-7A/cm2减小至1.129×10-7A/cm2;随着p H值的降低,20Cr9Ni5Co14钢的致钝电位和过钝化电位增加.在p H值高于3时,腐蚀产物膜具有良好的耐腐蚀性能而导致反应步骤成为控制步骤.而当p H值降低到2时,腐蚀产物溶解速度很快,金属界面发生腐蚀速率很大,浓差极化成为了控制步骤.对腐蚀形貌研究表明,20Cr9Ni5Co14钢在极化过程中出现点腐蚀,导致了材料的耐腐蚀性能下降.     

产聚β-羟基丁酸芽孢杆菌的拉曼光谱快速筛选研究

【目的】探索快速筛选产生物塑料聚β-羟基丁酸(PHB)芽孢杆菌的光学手段,以期筛选到以葡萄糖或蔗糖为发酵底物的高产PHB优良菌株。【方法】应用拉曼光镊技术快速收集分离株的单个细胞拉曼光谱,分析其光谱特征。【结果】基于拉曼光谱特征峰可快速辨别细胞类型和细胞PHB含量,菌落细胞的PHB拉曼信号强度与菌株的PHB发酵能力有相关性;从不同土壤样品中分离的菌株,45%以上具有产PHB的能力,其中S-C-2菌株在3%蔗糖下PHB最大产量为5.27g/L,PHB占细胞干重70%;拉曼光谱监测发酵过程显示,不同发酵阶段发酵液的PHB总含量与单个芽孢杆菌细胞1732cm~(-1)峰的平均信号强度线性相关。【结论】拉曼光谱可以简单快速分选产PHB的芽孢杆菌,实时监测PHB发酵进程。     

电化学法研究碳钢在草酸中的钝化行为

采用极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)测试了25℃时,碳钢在3%草酸体系中的阳极极化行为。结果表明:碳钢在草酸溶液存在明显的钝化、点蚀、活化过程,且维钝电流密度小,稳定钝化区范围宽;在钝化区内固定的电位范围内出现电流震荡现象;添加缓蚀剂PASP,腐蚀氧化峰电流及维钝电流均降低,钝化区变宽;在不同的附加电位下,碳钢的阻抗谱与阳极极化曲线显示了对应的阶段特征。