分布式声传感器井中背景噪声统计特性分析

分布式声传感器技术(DAS: Distributed Acoustic Sensor)是一种新近提出的高精度勘探数据采集方法,受制于复杂背景噪声的影响,DAS记录处理水平有待进一步提高.针对上述问题,采用基于替代序列的时间序列平稳性检验方法和Lilliefors检验法对DAS记录中复杂背景噪声的平稳性和高斯性进行研究.用以分析的实际地震数据是按照勘探工业要求采集的井中DAS记录.研究结果表明,DAS背景噪声是非平稳、非高斯随机过程且噪声特性随记录时长发生变化.相关研究成果实现了针对DAS背景噪声特性的可靠认知,对提高DAS记录处理水平具有重要参考价值.     

基于R语言的迪基-福勒检验的蒙特卡罗模拟

迪基-福勒(Dickey-Fuller)检验是时间序列的平稳性检验中常用的一种方法;由于检验统计量的极限分布是由标准维纳过程关于轨道的积分来表达的,很难得到其密度函数的显式表达式,因而确定检验临界值非常困难,蒙特卡罗方法是解决这类问题的金钥匙;基于R语言对t统计量的平稳性检验的临界值的随机模拟程序进行了研究,填补了文献空白,其计算程序和方法对于金融工程或经济计量统计分析与研究具有广泛的指导意义。     

Enhancing survey‐based investment forecasts

We investigate the accuracy of capital investment predictors from a national business survey of South African manufacturing. Based on data available to correspondents at the time of survey completion, we propose variables that might inform the confidence that can be attached to their predictions. Having calibrated the survey predictors' directional accuracy, we model the probability of a correct directional prediction using logistic regression with the proposed variables. For point forecasting, we compare the accuracy of rescaled survey forecasts with time series benchmarks and some survey/time series hybrid models. In addition, using the same set of variables, we model the magnitude of survey prediction errors. Directional forecast tests showed that three out of four survey predictors have value but are biased and inefficient. For shorter horizons we found that survey forecasts, enhanced by time series data, significantly improved point forecasting accuracy. For longer horizons the survey predictors were at least as accurate as alternatives. The usefulness of the more accurate of the predictors examined is enhanced by auxiliary information, namely the probability of directional accuracy and the estimated error magnitude.     

Elucidating the diel and seasonal calling behaviour of Elachistocleis matogrosso (Anura: Microhylidae)

ABSTRACT

Acoustic monitoring provides the opportunity to study ecological processes that are difficult to assess with traditional surveys. Elachistocleis matogrosso is an anuran species, described in 2010, for which limited biological information is available. This study investigated the calling activity of the species in the north-eastern portion of the Pantanal, Brazil, a wetland area with marked seasonality between the dry and wet seasons. The calling activity of E. matogrosso was monitored using automated digital recorders in combination with automated signal recognition software over two different annual cycles. The species was vocally active only during the wet season (October – April), with a peak in November-December during the 2013–2014 annual cycle and in February-March during the 2015–2016 annual cycle. The peak calling activity occurred at dusk. This species has nocturnal habits and an explosive breeding activity. The detection of the species was intermittent, which suggests that environmental predictors or site-specific conditions might play an important role in species detection. Moreover, this intermittent occupancy indicated that surveys that employ traditional field techniques would likely fail to detect this species. We describe an effective protocol for detecting E. matogrosso with acoustic monitoring, which requires recording during 20 days in February from 17:01 to 05:00. Our procedure would be easy to adapt to other anuran species, and it could be used for investigating new localities and assessing population changes over time.     

基于改进CLDNN的辐射源信号识别

传统辐射源信号识别方法往往需要人工提取特征,不仅对专业知识要求较高,而且人为选择的特征不能够保证适用于大多数类型信号的识别,识别精度和识别速度也不能兼顾。针对上述问题,将语音处理领域常用的深度学习模型——卷积长短时深度神经网络(convolutional long short-term deep neural network, CLDNN)引入到辐射源信号的识别中,并将该模型中的长短时记忆层改为双向门控循环单元层。模型的输入为原始时间序列数据,特征提取和分类识别过程均在网络中进行,避免了人工选择特征的不完备性。实验结果表明,所提模型在低信噪比情况下也能够有效识别信号类型,同时与其他模型相比,实现了识别精度和识别速度之间的平衡。     

齐次核的Hilbert型多重级数不等式取最佳常数因子的等价条件及应用

利用实分析技巧和权函数方法, 讨论具有齐次核的多重级数Hilbert型不等式, 得到了其取最佳常数因子的充分必要条件, 并给出其应用.     

Short‐term salmon price forecasting

This study establishes a benchmark for short‐term salmon price forecasting. The weekly spot price of Norwegian farmed Atlantic salmon is predicted 1–5 weeks ahead using data from 2007 to 2014. Sixteen alternative forecasting methods are considered, ranging from classical time series models to customized machine learning techniques to salmon futures prices. The best predictions are delivered by k‐nearest neighbors method for 1 week ahead; vector error correction model estimated using elastic net regularization for 2 and 3 weeks ahead; and futures prices for 4 and 5 weeks ahead. While the nominal gains in forecast accuracy over a naïve benchmark are small, the economic value of the forecasts is considerable. Using a simple trading strategy for timing the sales based on price forecasts could increase the net profit of a salmon farmer by around 7%.     

冲突避免的水声网络拓扑发现协议

当水声网络的所有节点完成在目标区域的部署后,每个节点除了自己的节点ID已知外,对新网络的信息一无所知,而这些信息是网络顺利运行的必要前提。因此,一个能够完成网络中所有节点和链路发现的网络拓扑发现协议是非常必要和重要的。水声拓扑发现协议完成的效率,往往依赖于信道接入策略的选择,但它不能完全使用已有的水声多路访问控制(multiple access control, MAC)协议,因为在网络建立的初始阶段拓扑未知,已有传统水声MAC协议不能完成拓扑发现,所以需要根据这一阶段的特殊状态来设计拓扑发现协议。基于此问题,提出了一种高效的冲突避免的水声网络拓扑发现(简称为CFVE)协议,该协议利用网络中节点ID的唯一性,在其特定时隙接入信道,节点无冲突地发现控制分组的交换,最终实现网络中所有链路和节点的发现。仿真结果表明, CFVE协议可以以较低的发现时延和能耗完成全网拓扑的发现,是一种适合于多跳水声网络的拓扑发现协议。     

基于概率图的作战任务智能规划方法

针对人工调配作战资源及规划方案效率低下的问题，本文提出一种基于概率图的作战任务智能规划方法，通过统计分析判定任务间因果关系，采用GNN抽取任务中的关键事件构建概率图并计算任务规划方案成功的概率，进而基于时间序列方法预测战场态势变化，实现辅助指挥员智能决策。最后，本文在某联合登岛案例中开展了方法验证，结果表明，所提出的方法可成功实现任务规划并具有可解释性，可实现对战场态势变化的预测和快速响应，在战场上为军队提供强有力的支持。     

串联系统备件满足率分配及配置优化

备件作为装备维修保障的重要物质资源,装备研制单位需要将使用方提出的备件满足率要求进行合理分配,为合理制定备件配置方案提供输入,已成为目前装备研制阶段急需解决的重要问题之一.针对备件满足率只有统计定义的问题,论文研究了单备件满足率和串联系统备件满足率的概率性质,给出了其概率模型,揭示了备件满足率的内涵和工程意义.在此基础之上,以串联系统备件满足率的概率模型为基础,研究了系统备件满足率的两种分配方法,即线性代数分配模型和以备件总重量最小为目标的备件配置优化模型,为合理制定串联系统备件保障方案提供了理论依据.