基于动态博弈的补贴模式对机场群航线网络结构的影响研究

为探讨不同补贴模式对机场群航线网络结构的影响，本文构建了关于机场、航空公司和乘客之间的动态博弈模型，通过逆向归纳法得到了纳什均衡条件. 研究结果发现：（1）不同的补贴模式对多机场航线网络结构产生重要影响，低补贴模式促使机场群倾向于形成点对点航线网络结构，反之，在高补贴模式下机场群易于形成枢纽辐射航线网络； （2）在较低的空铁联运总运营成本环境下，补贴竞争使得航空公司倾向于选择系统内的大型机场作为枢纽机场；反之，如果空铁联运总运营成本相对较高，补贴竞争使得航空公司倾向于选择小机场作为枢纽节点； （3）随航班固定成本和空铁联运总运营成本的增大，大型机场作为枢纽节点的概率逐渐减少，而小机场被选为枢纽节点的概率将逐渐增大. 随着机场群内大型机场腹地服务人口比例的增大，航空公司选择点对点航线网络的概率在减小. 研究结论能够为民航管理部门科学制定和应用航线补贴政策提供决策依据.     

Mechanical behavior of a near α titanium alloy under dynamic compression: Characterization and modeling

Dynamic compression tests under strain rates from 870 s^?1 to 2100 s^?1 were conducted for a near α Ti–8Al–1Mo–1V titanium alloy with equiaxed microstructure. Compression behavior, adiabatic shearing and band microstructure were investigated via characterization and calculation. The results demonstrate that all dynamic constitutive curves exhibited obvious stress fluctuation phenomenon with double increase-decrease changing stages at the primary stage of compression. The dislocation multiplication theory can be used to explain this phenomenon. After the stress fluctuation period, work hardening coexisted with the thermal softening, resulting in the slow hardening tendency in constitutive curves. J-C model was utilized to quantify the dynamic constitutive curves. The deviations between the predicted and experimental curves under high strain rates may be attributed to the over-consideration of thermal softening effect in J-C model. Adiabatic shearing band (ASB) began to form under the strain rate of 2100 s^?1. A total shearing strain of 8.1 within ASB achieved in 8.9 μs, corresponding to a local strain rate of about 9.1 × 10⁵ s^?1 and is over 430 times of the macro strain rate. Post annealing was conducted on ASB before EBSD characterization. Due to the static recrystallization during annealing, the α phase within ASB generally presented as ultra-fine grains less than 1 μm in diameter.     

计算Ulam映射高阶关联函数计算的数论方法

为计算logistic映射的高阶关联函数，本文提出了一个包含定义、引理及定理的数论方法，该方法的层次性结构有助于通过逐级求解丢番图方程来简化计算. 作为应用，本文计算了映射的前5阶关联函数. 6阶以上的关联函数也可以通过该方法直接算得.     

Microstructure,mechanical properties and wear resistance of an Al–Mg–Si alloy produced by equal channel angular pressing

Microstructure, mechanical properties and wear resistance in an ultrafine-grained Al–Mg–Si alloy fabricated utilizing a combination of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) and dynamic aging were investigated in this paper. The results indicated that the grain size of the ECAP alloy was significantly refined, i.e., to ~239 nm after three ECAP passes. Meanwhile, the yield and tensile strength of the ECAPed material reached 340 MPa and 445 MPa, respectively, while maintaining a significant uniform elongation of 14%. Wear resistance results demonstrated that the wear rate, wear depth and width of the ECAPed material decreased in comparison with the solution-treated (SST) and peak-aged (T6) conditions under a load range of 5–25 N. The adhesive wear that occurs in the undeformed specimens at 10 N does not appear in the ECAPed specimen at the same load, indicating that the ECAPed specimen delay the appearance of more serious wear mechanisms under certain loads. The cooperative interaction of high density nano-scale β" precipitates and dislocations resulted in a combination of super-high strength and good work hardening ability which suppressed the extension of cracks between the friction layer and the plastic deformation zone. As a consequence, the combination of ECAP and dynamic aging brings a significant improvement for antifriction performance of the 6061 aluminum alloy.     

一种基于旁信息增强的协同过滤自动编码器模型

针对用户评分预测不准确的问题,提出了一种基于旁信息(side-information)对用户兴趣进行预测的协同过滤自动编码器推荐模型,给出了模型的设计原理、损失函数以及具体结构.模型使用单隐藏层自动编码器实现,用户评分与旁信息同为模型的输入/输出数据,旁信息也直接参加模型的训练,这种设计不仅降低了模型的规模和复杂度,而且旁信息可以直接对用户兴趣进行修正.同时,通过对训练数据集合的合理划分与扩充,使得训练的网络模型增加了表达能力.在真实数据集上的对比实验表明,本文提出的方法提高了评分预测的准确度,具有一定的实用价值.     

美国国家火险等级系统原理及应用

 介绍了美国国家火险等级系统（NFDRS）的发展历程、原理方法、系统结构,指出系统通过考虑不同类型可燃物对火灾发生的贡献,基于燃烧原理和点烧实验建立物理模型,计算输出全面的防火指标,其思路方法适用于气候复杂、植被类型多样的中国。对系统中值得借鉴的可燃物含水率计算、防火指标计算等关键技术进行重点分析,并结合中国火险等级预报业务现状对系统的本地化改进和业务化应用进行了展望。     

飞机着陆状态对轮载信号触发时间的影响分析

轮载信号是飞机相关系统进行空地状态判断的重要信号,轮载信号触发时间对飞机各系统工作状态具有重要影响。该文依据动力学方法,初步建立了飞机从机轮接地至触发轮载信号的动力学模型,分析了飞机着陆状态对轮载信号触发时间的影响,对于飞机相关系统设计工作具有一定参考价值。     

动态目标生成技术的研究

针对光端机的粗跟踪精度检测方案,设计了动态目标生成器,为激光通信用光端机提供动态目标并进行粗跟踪精度测试。详细介绍了检测原理,设计了动态目标生成器的结构,利用有限元分析软件对关键部件进行分析,对精度进行了计算。分析结果表明,该设备可靠性高,能够提供要求的检测精度,为光端机的研制提供理论依据。     

Monitoring dynamic changes of global land cover types:fluctuations of major lakes in China every 8 days during 2000–2010

Remote sensing images can be used to delineate variations in the area of lakes and to assess the influence of environmental changes and human activities.However,because lakes are dynamic,results obtained from individual images acquired on a single date are not representative and do not accurately reflect ongoing changes.In this study,we used 8-day moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS)composite data from 2000 to2010 to map water surface changes over 629 lakes in China.We combined automatic extraction of training data and support vector machine classification to derive the spatial distribution of these large water bodies.The producer’s and user’s accuracies for MODIS images were91.06%and 89.81%,respectively,when compared with interpretation results from 30 m resolution Landsat images taken on similar days.Area changes,variability,inundation intensity,and rainy seasons of the 629 lakes were analyzed based on this multi-temporal lake database.The total area of the 629 lakes increased over the study period,primarily as a result of the expansion of lake areas on the Tibetan Plateau.There were 12 lakes with a maximum area[1,000 km2,and six of these decreased in area from 2000to 2010.The shrinkages of Poyang Lake and Dongting Lake were-54.76 and-25.08 km2/a,respectively.The area of lakes on Tibetan Plateau,in northern Xinjiang,northeastern Inner Mongolia,and northeastern China varied little,while lakes on the Yangtze Plain,in southern Inner Mongolia,and central Xinjiang fluctuated considerably.Inundation intensity increased for lakes on the Tibetan Plateau,in northern Xinjiang,Heilongjiang,and Jilin,while inundation extent decreased in central Xinjiang,southern Tibet,southern Inner Mongolia,Sichuan,and on the Yangtze Plain.This study is an attempt to develop high-frequency specific land cover maps to improve applicability of general land cover maps.The lake products serve as an important supplement to hydrologic data.The lake database enables the generation of new land surface process models,which could improve the precision of simulations,based on more accurate observations of dynamic lake systems.     

我国蒙古族大学生身体形态25年动态分析

依据1985年、2000年、2010年《中国学生体质与健康调研报告》中的有关数据,对我国蒙古族19-22岁大学生的身体形态状况分别从城乡、性别等角度,运用横向、纵向的比较分析方法,进行了25年的动态分析研究.结果显示：我国蒙古族大学生男生身高、体重、BMI指数均有提高,胸围在下降.女生出现分化,城市女生四项指标均有提高,而乡村女生除身高外,其它几项指标均有下降.