重楼活性单体PP-26抑制结肠癌SW620细胞增殖并诱导细胞凋亡

目的:探讨重楼活性单体PP-26对人结肠癌SW620细胞增殖抑制作用及其机制.方法:采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法和克隆形成抑制实验观察不同浓度的重楼单体PP-26对人结肠癌SW620细胞增殖抑制作用;PI单染及Annexin V-FITC/PI双染流式细胞术检测细胞周期变化及细胞凋亡水平;Western blotting检测PP-26对细胞周期、细胞凋亡相关蛋白以及Akt和ERK蛋白的表达.结果:与正常肝LO2细胞相比,重楼单体PP-26能显著抑制SW620细胞的生长,作用呈剂量-效应关系;随着PP-26浓度的增加,细胞克隆形成逐渐减少,与细胞对照组相比有显著差异;不同浓度PP-26作用后,细胞阻滞于G1期;PP-26作用细胞24 h后,CDK4、CDK6表达下降,P15、cyclin D1表达增加;不同浓度PP-26作用后,细胞晚期凋亡率增加,随浓度增加有上升趋势;PP-26作用细胞24 h后,线粒体相关凋亡信号通路蛋白Caspase-9、Caspase-3表达下降,PARP切割条带增加,细胞促凋亡蛋白Bax的表达增加,抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2和Bcl-x L减少,p-Akt和p-ERK蛋白表达均下降.结论:重楼活性单体PP-26通过上调p15促进结肠癌SW620细胞阻滞于G1期,通过抑制P13K/Akt信号通路及ERK信号通路,活化线粒体凋亡通路,诱导细胞凋亡.     

卵巢内动脉血流搏动指数与卵子质量及卵泡发育的关系

目的:探讨卵巢内动脉血流搏动指数(PI)与卵子质量及卵泡发育的关系.方法:应用阴式彩色多普勒超声测定35例患者给予HCG日的卵巢内动脉血流搏动指数和穿刺取卵日的卵巢动脉血流搏动指数,获成熟卵率、卵泡液激素水平、颗粒细胞的凋亡率.结果:穿刺取卵日测得的PI与获成熟卵率成正相关(r=0.429,p=0.0126),和颗粒细胞的凋亡成负相关(r=-0.383,p=0.0278),和卵泡液的孕激素含量成负相关(r=-0.429,p=0.0126),仅给予HCG后PI与总获卵数成负相关(r=-0.393,p=0.0235).结论:穿刺取卵日的测到PI值与卵泡颗粒细胞凋亡及卵泡的发育成熟有显著相关性,可以作为衡量卵泡黄素化、氧化以及卵泡质量的一个很好的评估指标.     

X线激发纳米TiO2对胃癌细胞SGC-7901的杀伤作用

观察X线激发纳米二氧化钛(TiO2)后对体外培养的胃癌细胞SGC—7901在不同TiO2浓度下对细胞增殖的影响。探讨其可能的抑瘤机制。首先通过MTT法测定不同浓度TiO2对细胞增殖的影响。然后通过Western blot检测凋亡相关蛋白的表达变化。MTT结果显示,通过X线激发纳米TiO2后可对胃癌SGC—7901细胞的增殖产生明显的抑制作用,呈浓度相关性,当纳米TiO2浓度为0.25 mg/mL时抑制效果最明显(抑制率)。Western结果显示实验组与对照组相比凋亡相关蛋白Bax的表达显著上调。说明X线激发的纳米TiO2可抑制胃癌SGC—7901细胞的增殖,促进凋亡发生。     

硒蛋氨酸对人前列腺癌DU145细胞增殖与凋亡的影响

目的观察硒蛋氨酸(selenome-thionine)对DU145前列腺癌细胞增殖及凋亡的影响,并初步探讨其作用机制.方法采用MTT比色法观察1.25,2.50,5.00μmol.L-1硒蛋氨酸对DU145细胞增殖活力的抑制作用;吖啶橙染色观察硒蛋氨酸诱导细胞凋亡情况;流式细胞术分析细胞周期及凋亡,并计算细胞平均凋亡指数;免疫细胞化学技术观察细胞内激活的caspase3的表达情况.结果经1.25,2.50,5.00μmol.L-1硒蛋氨酸处理48 h后,DU145细胞生长抑制率分别为16.35%,38.10%和73.54%,3组间比较差异有显著性(P<0.01);随硒蛋氨酸浓度升高细胞生长抑制率增加,呈明显的剂量依赖性.吖啶橙荧光染色可见经1.25,2.50,5.00μmol.L-1硒蛋氨酸处理后的细胞呈明显凋亡形态,并随药物剂量增加凋亡细胞数增多;流式细胞术结果显示,经1.25,2.50,5.00μmol.L-1硒蛋氨酸处理48 h后,其细胞的凋亡率分别为5.34%,8.71%和13.6%,3组间比较差异有显著性(P<0.05),随硒蛋氨酸浓度升高细胞凋亡率升高,呈剂量依赖关系;免疫细胞化学染色结果显示,随着硒蛋氨酸剂量增加,细胞内激活的caspase3表达上调.结论硒蛋氨酸对DU145细胞具有明显的抑制作用,其机制可能与激活的caspase途径诱导细胞凋亡有关.     

Targeted inhibition of Livin resensitizes renal cancer cells towards apoptosis

Cancer cells are typically characterized by apoptosis deficiency. In order to investigate a possible role for the anti-apoptotic livin gene in renal cell cancer (RCC), we analyzed its expression in tumor tissue samples and in RCC-derived cell lines. In addition, we studied the contribution of livin to the apoptotic resistance of RCC cells by RNA interference (RNAi). Livin gene expression was detected in a significant portion of RCC tumor tissue specimens (13/14, 92.9%) and tumor-derived cell lines (12/15, 80.0%). Moreover, targeted inhibition of livin by RNAi markedly sensitized RCC cells towards proapoptotic stimuli, such as UV irradiation or the chemotherapeutic drugs etoposide, 5-fluorouracil, and vinblastine. These effects were specific for livin expressing tumor cells. We conclude that livin can contribute significantly to the apoptosis resistance of RCC cells. Targeted inhibition of livin could represent a novel therapeutic strategy to increase the sensitivity of renal cancers towards pro-apoptotic agents. Received 30 November 2006; received after revision 22 February 2007; accepted 20 March 2007     

An immunohistochemical study of the clearance of apoptotic cellular fragments

We investigated the distribution and fate of apoptotic bodies during human development and in the adult, using an antibody (M30) that recognizes a neo-epitope formed early in the apoptotic cascade by caspase cleavage of cytokeratin 18. In the fetus, we found extensive accumulation of M30-positive, non-phagocytosed fragments in the red pulp of the spleen, subcutaneous and submucosal vessels, the interstitium of the lung, and the glomerular mesangium of the kidneys. In the liver, M30-immunoreactive fragments were found inside macrophages in the sinusoids. The number of these fragments and the intensity of the immunostaining increased with the gestational age of the fetus. In the adult, M30-positive fragments were barely detectable in normal tissues. However, many pathological situations, including both chronic degenerative processes and metastatic cancer, were associated with accumulation of M30-positive fragments in the red pulp of the spleen. In the liver and kidney, no fragments could be detected. Remarkably, 13 of the 16 patients with metastasized cancer showed pronounced accumulation of M30-positive fragments containing hematoxylin-reactive material in the red pulp of the spleen. In the non-cancerous cases, such DNA-containing fragments were only seen in 9 of 94 cases. The results show that when apoptotic activity is high, as during development in the fetus or during metastasis and other pathological processes in the adult, the phagocytic clearance of apoptotic bodies can be overloaded. These apoptotic fragments then accumulate in the spleen. The visual detection of apoptotic fragments is concluded to reflect increased cell turnover. Received 1 July 2002; accepted 1 July 2002     

病毒感染与细胞凋亡

阐述了细胞凋亡的概念，与细胞凋亡相关的病毒和基因，病毒调控细胞凋亡的机制和研究病毒感染与细胞凋亡关系的意义，以增进人们对病毒和细胞之间关系的理解。     

丹皮酚及其衍生物的性质研究

从有机胂的角度出发,结合丹皮酚的抗炎、活血和抗肿瘤等特性,合成了一系列的有关丹皮酚和有机胂的衍生物,均为创新化合物;采用正交实验和方差分析对合成化合物的条件进行了探讨,同时对丹皮酚的提取条件进行了优化研究;以创新化合物对人肝癌细胞株HepG2细胞的抗肿瘤活性进行了筛选,获得效果较佳的化合物和最佳的试验浓度,通过对HepG2细胞生长抑制实验、诱导HepG2细胞凋亡分析及机制等的探讨,探索了一类结构简单、较低浓度下可以诱导体外及体内肿瘤细胞凋亡,而对正常细胞影响较小的新型有机胂药物.     

Programmed cell clearance

Apoptosis, a physiological process of self-annihilation, is essential during development and for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Considerable efforts have been made in recent years to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that govern this mode of cellular demise; however, the subsequent recognition and removal of apoptotic corpses by neighboring phagocytes has received less attention. Nevertheless, macrophage engulfment of apoptotic cells is known to be important in the remodeling of tissues, and contributes to the resolution of inflammation through the removal of effete cells prior to the release of noxious cellular constituents. Moreover, apoptotic cells are a potential source of self-antigens, and clearance of cell corpses is thought to preclude the induction of autoimmune responses. The view is thus emerging that tissue homeostasis is dependent not only on the balance between mitosis and apoptosis, but also on the rate of apoptosis versus that of cell clearance. This review aims to discuss the mechanisms and consequences of macrophage recognition and disposal of apoptotic cells, a process which will be referred to as programmed cell clearance.Received 16 April 2003; received after revision 22 May 2003; accepted 26 May 2003