Frequent mutations of chromatin remodeling genes in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder

Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is the most common type of bladder cancer. Here we sequenced the exomes of nine individuals with TCC and screened all the somatically mutated genes in a prevalence set of 88 additional individuals with TCC with different tumor stages and grades. In our study, we discovered a variety of genes previously unknown to be mutated in TCC. Notably, we identified genetic aberrations of the chromatin remodeling genes (UTX, MLL-MLL3, CREBBP-EP300, NCOR1, ARID1A and CHD6) in 59% of our 97 subjects with TCC. Of these genes, we showed UTX to be altered substantially more frequently in tumors of low stages and grades, highlighting its potential role in the classification and diagnosis of bladder cancer. Our results provide an overview of the genetic basis of TCC and suggest that aberration of chromatin regulation might be a hallmark of bladder cancer.     

域算术第三版

本书是《域算术》第三版。在前两版的基础上，内容得到了扩充和改进，去除了第二版中出现的数学不严密性和一些错误，弥补了前两版中缺失的参考文献，增加了第二版中提到的公开性问题于2005年被解决的过程。     

A System for Generating Operational Sketches Based on the Multi- level Graphic Library

1　IntroductionLittle previous work has been reported on the generation of operational sketches.However,there are two major strategies for generating operational sketches. The first iscalled geometric model method in which geometric information of a work-piece is organizedinto a model called solid model or feature solid model with the 3 D modeler. Theoperational sketches are generated by projecting into a projective plane which is chosenwith care.Feasible as it appears,this drawing obtained d…     

A Java-Based Approach for Developing Web Application System

1.INTRoDUCTIONCreatingInternet,IntranetandExtranetapplicationsarecurrentlycenterofprogrammingfocus.Theyallbelongtoweb-basedbusinessapplications[1lthatrequiredatabaseconnec-tion,userauthentication,sessionmanagementanddynamicHTMLgeneration.Web-basedapplicationsshouldhavefollowingfeatures:1)Platform-independelltontheclientside,usuallyabrowser;2)Platform-independentontheserverside,suchasincludingbothUnixandWindowsenvironments;3)Beabletoconnecttoavarietyofdatabase,suchasincludingoracle,Inf…     

评介《〈创世纪〉与地质学》

《创世纪》与地质学　 [美 ] C.C.吉利思俾著　杨静一译南昌 :江西教育出版社　 1 999年 1 0月　第 1版　 34 0页《〈创世纪〉与地质学》一书于 1 951年出版。它原是该书作者 C.C.吉利思俾在普林斯顿大学攻读博士时的博士论文。我是 1 959年读到这本书的 ,那时我 2 3岁。这是我当时读过的第二本科学史书籍。在剑桥 ,我学习了许多学科 ,也学习了地质学。但是 ,我们的学习从来与科学的历史无关。为什么人要对科学的过去感兴趣 ?我接受的训练是要将我的注意力放在努力理解现代科学上 ,或许多少有助于关注科学的未来。对我来说以及对许多科学…     

用海水浇灌农作物

随着世界人口的增长和淡水资源的日趋珍贵，研究人员正把眼光投向大海，他们要用海水浇灌某些经挑选的植物。当前全球最紧迫的问题之一就是要找到足够的水和土地来满足全球性食品需求。据联合国粮农组织估计，在今后的30年内需要20亿公顷（约合49．42亿英亩）的新耕地─—面积相当于亚利桑那、新墨西哥、犹他、科罗拉多、爱达荷、怀俄明以及蒙大拿诸州的总和──才能满足热带和亚热带地区迅速增长的人口的食品需求、可是在这些地带的国家中可供农业拓展的土地只有9亿3千万公顷──而且其中很大一部分被森林覆盖，是应保护之地。显然，我们需…     

The Fuzzy Control Forecast of Fully-Mechanized Coal Face Production Capacity

１　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｉａｌｆａｃｔｏｒｓｏｎｔｈｅｃｏａｌｆａｃｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｍａｉｎｌｙｉｎｃｌｕｄｅｇｅｏｌｏｇｙ，ｅｑｕｉｐｍｅｎｔａｎｄｐｅｒｓｏｎｎｅｌ．Ｊｕｓｔｂｅｃａｕｓｅｏｆｔｈｅｔｈｒｅｅｆａｃｔｏｒｓ′ｃｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｖｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｏｎｔｈｅｆｕｌｌｙｍｅｃｈａｎｉｚｅｄｃｏａｌｆａｃｅ，ｔｈｅｐｒａｃｔｉｃａｌｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｃａｐａｃｉｔｙｃａｎｂｅｍａｄｅｌｏｗｅｒｔｈａｎｔｈｅｒａｔｅｄｏｎｅ．Ｔｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒｉ…     

Analysis of Reliability for 3-State Device Network with Link-Capacities

1.INTRODUCTION2-statesystemreliabilityoftenassumesthatthesystemisrepresentedbyaprobabilisticgraphG=(V,E),withasetV~{yi,v2,'',}ofvenicesandasetE~{el,e2,'',}ofedges(orlinks,branches)containedinit.Thesystemisfunctioningifthereexistsapathfromtheinputnodetotheoutputnode.Thusthereliabilityisconsideredwithamatterofconnectivityonlyandthereliabilityanalysishasbeenprimarilyconcernedwiththeenumerationofpathesorcutsinthereferences[1-4].Butinmanyphysicalsystemsuchaspowertransmissionsystems,oilorwat…     

Primary Structural and Quantitative Analysis of Infeasible Solution to Job shop Scheduling Problem

1　IntroductionTheJobShopSchedulingProblemisawell-knownNP-hardproblem,whichattractslotsofmathematiciansallovertheworldspendingmuchtimeandenergyinthisfield.Uptonowtherearemanyefficientheuristicalgorithms,whichhadalreadybeendeveloped,buttheinfeasiblesolutioncertainlypossessesthemajorityofsearchspacewhichhasinfluencedtheefficiencyofthesealgorithms.Atthemoment,noonehasbeenfoundtobededicatingtothequantitativeanalysisoftheinfeasiblesolutionproblem.InthispaperthestructureofinfeasiblesolutiontoJSS…