水平井多段分簇压裂裂缝扩展形态数值模拟

水平井多段分簇压裂技术已成为低渗透油气增产的关键技术,能够大幅度增加储层的泄油面积,最大限度地提高采收率,而射孔簇间的应力干扰是影响水平井多段分簇压裂的关键因素。为了提高储层改造体积,研究簇间裂缝扩展的规律,根据流-固耦合及岩石断裂力学理论,利用ABAQUS扩展有限元法建立水平井多段分簇水力压裂二维模型,并利用数值模拟结果对现场2口井的压裂参数进行优化。数值模拟结果表明:水力裂缝长度、簇间距、水平应力差、压裂次序对水力裂缝形态影响显著;裂缝诱导应力场对裂缝形态影响程度随裂缝长度增加逐渐增强,随簇间距和水平应力差的增大逐渐降低;水力压裂次序可以明显改变诱导应力场分布,合理利用能增加有效裂缝长度。现场压裂参数优化后的2口井产能得到明显提高,证明了数值模型的可行性。     

浅俯淹没射流水力特性

为探讨浅附淹没射流的水力特性,采用粒子成像测速技术获得水垫塘精细流场,系统分析淹没射流区和附壁射流区纵面二维流速分布规律。通过研究获得了淹没射流区和附壁射流区沿流程流速衰减和垂直于主流断面流速分布的公式。结果表明,浅俯淹没射流沿入射角射入水垫塘,射流潜底的俯角大于入射角;淹没射流区沿程流速衰减率大于附壁射流区;淹没射流区和附壁射流区沿程各垂直于主流的断面流速分布具有相似性或自保持性。     

固液体系中蛭石吸附Cu^2＋动力学研究

研究了等温条件下初始Cu2 浓度范围为25~300 mg.L-1,蛭石浓度范围为20~100 g.L-1的水溶液体系中蛭石吸附Cu2 的动力学过程.试验结果表明:蛭石对Cu2 具有较强的吸附能力,其吸附速率在吸附反应开始的2 h内很高,但随时间的延长逐渐降低并在12 h左右接近于零.溶液起始Cu2 浓度和吸附剂浓度对吸附速率影响显著,随起始Cu2 浓度增大,吸附达到平衡的时间延长;起始吸附剂浓度增大,吸附平衡时间缩短.提出的蛭石-Cu2 吸附动力学方程在样本检测的浓度范围内具有较高的精确度.     

浅埋煤层长壁采场覆岩活动规律的研究

基于某煤矿2305综采工作面工程地质条件和开采技术条件,应用数值模拟（RFPA）和现场实测方法,深入研究了浅埋煤层开采后伪顶、直接顶和基本顶的破坏、运动规律,从而对指导、评价采场围岩控制提供理论依据。     

用改进的RNG模式数值模拟湍流冲击射流流动

在Yakhot和Orszag提出的重正化群（RNG）k-ε湍流模式的基础上，对模式系数Cц和近壁处理方法加以改进，并将其推广应用于湍流冲击射流的数值模拟。将计算得到的平均速度分布和湍动能分布与标准k-ε模式的计算结果以及实验数据进行了比较。结果表明，用改进的RNGk-ε模式得到的数值结果与标准k-ε模式的结果相比具有显著的提高，尤其对滞止区附近的湍动能分布预测结果与实验结果具有较好的一致性，这是因为PNGk-ε模式与改进的近壁处理方法相结合有效地降低了涡粘性的预测值，进而引起湍动能预测值的下降，且计算中采用了Cц和Cε1的改进表达式，适当地考虑了流动中各向异性湍流和不平衡应变率影响的结果。该模式在工程湍流计算中具有较好的应用前景。     

带Navier边界条件的广义随机Navier-Stokes方程解的适定性

对于有界区域二维随机Navier-Stokes方程(有界区域的边界条件为Navier滑移边界条件),给出了该方程弱解在L²和L⁴中的先验估计,证明了非线性项的单调性,并利用经典的Minty-Browder方法证明了方程随机弱解的整体存在性和唯一性.     

爬壁机器人路径规划研究

研究爬壁机器人在三维工作环境中的全局路径规划.给出了一种基于人工神经网络结构能量函数的路径规划算法.可根据机器人吸附物体的形状设定各边界面对应的不等的模拟退火初始温度;并且可根据路径点位于物体内部与否的不同位置采用不同的运动方程.仿真结果表明,该算法可规划出最短的可行路径,为提高爬壁机器人的实用性,提供了一种有效的路径规划算法.     

Kinetic modeling of dilute solid-liquid two-phase flows with inelastic collisions

A kinetic model was presented for dilute solid-liquid two-phase flows with inelastic collisions by modeling the inelastic collisions with the revised BGK model （Santos and Astillero, 2005） and particle turbulence interactions with the Fokker-Planck operator. The formulated model kinetic equation was solved with the Chapman-Enskog method and the obtained approximate solution was further adopted to derive the constitutive relationships for the conservation equations of the particle phase. The new constitutive relationships would be suitable for the study on dilute solid-liquid two-phase flows such as sediment-laden flows in open channels or rivers.     

Periodical oscillating interface in directional growth under shear flow

Liquid-solid interface morphological evolution of SCN-2wt%H2O alloy was investigated in the presence of shear flow. It has been found that shear flow strikingly enhances the stability of planar interface at lower pulling rates. In the intermediate range of pulling rate, the interface experiences periodical oscillating ＂planar-cellular＂ and ＂cellular-dendritic＂ growth patterns. The formation of oscillating growth modes can be explained by two reasons： （i） The stabilizing effect induced by shear flow competes with the growing destabilizing effect by the increase of pulling rate, which provides the driving force for morphological evolution; and （ii） the establishment of stable solute field at the liquid-solid interface needs a period of time, leading to the result that the interface evolution can not stay stable at the equilibrium state. However, as the puling rate becomes higher, it plays more and more important roles in pattern selection and dendritic growth forms.     

Divisional and hierarchical innervations of G. gecko’s toes to motion and reception

As a member of robot families, climbing robots have become one of the research hot-spots in the robotic field recently and Gekko gecko （G. gecko） has been broadly seen as an ideal model for climbing robot development. But for gecko-mimic robots, one of the key problems is how to design the robot＇s foot. In this paper, （1） high-speed camera recording and electrophysiological method are used to observe motion patterns of G. gecko＇s foot when it climbs on different oriented surfaces; （2） nerve innervations of gecko＇s toes to motion and reception are studied. It is found that the five toes of the G. gecko can be divided into two motion and reception divisions, and also its motion and reception are modulated and controlled hierarchically. The results provide important information and exclusive ideas for the foot design and control algorithm of gecko-mimic robots.