基于空时分组编码的OFDM系统频率分集方案

增加发送或接收天线的个数可以提高无线通信系统分集增益和性能,但通过增加天线个数往往会大大增加系统的尺寸和成本,尤其是对于接收端显然是不现实的.针对空时分组编码正交频分复用(STBCOFDM:Space-Time Block Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)系统提出频率分集方案,在相同符号错误率(SER:Symbol Error Rate)条件下,利用频率分集无须增加发送天线的个数.分析了该方案成对错误概率(PEP:Pairwise Error Probability)的上限值,给出了系统的编码增益和分集增益.结果表明,该方案可同时获得频率分集和空间分集增益.仿真实验证实了该方案在10-3符号错误概率条件下,与2发1收的STBC-OFDM系统相比,信噪比增益提高3 dB,与4发1收的STBC-OFDM系统具有几乎相同的误码性能.     

Phylogeny constructed by using diversity increment

A new approach based on the concept of the diversity increment is applied to reconstruct a phylogeny. The phylogeny of the Eutherian orders use concatenated H-stranded amino acid sequences, and the result is consistent with the commonly accepted one for the Eutherians. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( 30170214) and the Open Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Software Engineer, Wuhan University, China. Biography: Shi Feng ( 1966- ), male, Ph. D, Associate professor, research direction: bioinformatics.     

论高职教育课程设置的多样化

作为教育活动的核心问题，高职教育的课程设置已经成为我国高职教育内涵式发展的关键所在。各高职院校由于所处区域、自身条件的不同，在课程设置上也将表现出多样化的发展趋势。从职业导向、区域发展、学校特色及学习者个性需要等角度，高职课程设置多样化具有重要意义；从高职课程的目的、内容、类型、结构模式及评价主体等方面，探索高职课程设置多样化的方式与途径；在进行高职课程多样化设置过程中，还应注意几个问题。     

凉水国家自然保护区土壤馮虫生态分布

对凉水国家自然保护区土壤虫的生态分布进行了研究,采用多样性指数、均匀度指数、共同性指数进行了分析.10个生境中土壤虫数量最多的是人工红松林,最少的是草甸.土壤虫的多样性指数与类群数和个体数密切相关,多样性指数与均匀度指数基本成正相关.生境特征越相似,土壤虫种类就越接近.土壤虫的垂直分布表现出明显的表聚性,以人工红松林和人工云冷杉林最为典型.     

旅游开发与乡土传统文化重构--旅游人类学视野中的乡土传统文化产业

全球化市场的催生,地方乡土传统文化被卷入现代化进程之中,乡土传统文化面临重构使命.旅游开发对乡土文化产业的推动是多方博弈的结果,文化多样性是乡土文化旅游的生命之基.对乡土传统文化集体自豪感和集体羞耻感的文化自觉将决定乡土传统文化的重构,乡土传统文化产业应该在保持乡土传统文化原生化自豪的基础上推进.     

The genetic diversity of cen-tral and peripheral popula-tions of ratlike hamster(Cricetulus triton)

The impact of habitat fragmentation and isolation on the genetic diversity of populations has attracted much attention in studies of meta-population and conservation biology. In this work, using the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique, we studied the genetic diversity of central, peripheral and peninsular populations of ratlike hamster, which were collected in five locations of the North China Plain and its surrounding areas, in 1999. The study revealed that, ⅰ) the genetic diversity of central population of Raoyang County＞the sub-central populations of Gu'an County and Taikang County＞the peripheral population of Shunyi District＞the peninsular population of Mentougou District; ⅱ) the genetic diversities of the five populations were positively correlated to the nearest distances to the peripheral line of population distribution; ⅲ) there were significant differences of gene frequencies of some RAPD fragments among the five populations. More RAPD fragments disappeared in peripheral populations than in central or sub-central populations. The frequencies of two RAPD fragments were correlated to the latitude. This study clearly indicated that the variation of the genetic diversities of the five populations was caused by edge effect and frag- mentation through the enhanced inbreeding and genetic drift, and thus supported the view that habitat fragmentation and related edge effect reduce the population genetic diversity.     

Total systems intervention and human inquiry: The search for a common ground

Total Systems Intervention (TSI) is an approach to intervening in problem situations which has much to offer where complex interacting issues need to be addressed by the complementary use of intervention methodologies. That such an approach has much in common with Action Research (AR) has been recognized, with much recent effort being devoted to the relationship between AR and Critical Systems Thinking (CST), the theoretical endeavor underpinning TSI. This paper further develops this line of debate and relates AR or Human Inquiry (HI) more directly to TSI, using an information systems intervention to enhance the study. The outcome is a demonstration of how TSI implicitly uses techniques informed from the field of Action Research, and how a more thorough synthesis of HI with TSI might serve to improve the overall intervention process.     

南京椴群体遗传多样性和遗传结构分析

【目的】 南京椴(Tilia miqueliana)为江苏省重要的乡土树种,野外资源稀缺。南京椴野外群体遗传多样性和遗传结构的探索,可为资源保护、品种选育及遗传改良提供依据。【方法】 以南京椴5个天然群体[江苏宝华山(P1)、牛首山(P2)、安徽皇藏峪(P3)、安徽蜀山(P4)和浙江天台山(P5)]93个体为实验材料,选用15对多态性EST-SSR引物,进行遗传多样性及群体遗传结构分析。【结果】 ①用15对引物共检测等位基因数(A)总和为96,平均值为6.4,四倍体基因型(G)和四倍体特异基因型(G_i)总和分别为441和251,特异基因型比率(R₁)和种质鉴别率(R₂)均值分别为45.73%和17.99%。②在5个群体中,每个位点等位基因数(A_loc)和四倍体基因型丰富度均值(G_loc)分别为5.50±2.43和9.41±4.29;平均观测杂合度(H_o)和平均期望杂合度(H_e)为0.61±1.43和0.62±0.14。参考各群体G_loc和H_e值,确定遗传多样性较高的群体为P1和P3。③群体间遗传分化较小,遗传分化系数(G_st)仅为0.030;AMOVA分子变异分析显示,群体多样性水平变异来自于群体内(96%)。④聚类和遗传结构Structure分析显示,5个群体可划分为2组(组1包括P1、P2和P5;组2包括P3和P4)。Mental检验结果表明遗传距离与地理距离之间无显著相关。【结论】 南京椴群体均具有丰富的遗传多样性,其中宝华山群体和皇藏峪群体多样性较高,群体扩张可能是以这两个种群为中心,经人类活动迁移至其他区域。但南京椴群体间未形成明显分化,主要是由于植株寿命长,群体缺乏自然更新,加之群体间存在人为种子传播。因此,本研究提出通过建立隔离区,明确优先保护群体、加大植株异交,并采用人工繁育及种质回迁的方式保护南京椴野外群体。     

基于荧光SSR标记的紫薇遗传多样性分析

【目的】以收集的239份紫薇属(Lagerstroemia)种质和1份黄薇属(Heimia)种质为材料,开展种质种间特征分析和紫薇种内资源的遗传多样性分析,为进一步优化紫薇种质资源收集保存及合理利用提供科学依据。【方法】基于16对荧光引物鉴定样品基因型,利用GeneMarker软件进行基因型数据的读取;对239份紫薇属种质和1份黄薇属种质进行特征位点分析;并利用Popgene、Cervus、NTSYS和GenAlEx软件对227份紫薇种质进行遗传多样性参数估算、聚类分析和主成分分析。【结果】紫薇(L.indica)种内的特征位点信息最为丰富,其中15个引物所体现出的特征位点信息中,紫薇都有其独特的位点区别于其他6个种,而在福建紫薇(L.limii)、川黔紫薇(L.excelsa)和尾叶紫薇(L.caudata)中也有部分特异的特征位点是紫薇中没有的;16对紫薇SSR荧光引物共检测出143个等位基因,平均每个位点有8.938个等位基因,平均有效等位基因数(N_e)为3.600,Shannon’s信息指数(I)均值为1.459,观测杂合度(H_o)均...     

若尔盖高寒草地微地形的土壤微生物群落多样性特征

结合坡面微地形变化,从土壤微生物群落多样性角度研究典型缓丘区不同坡位上土壤微生物群落特征,了解微地形生境下土壤微生物群落变化趋势. 研究结果表明,土壤微生物群落培养的平均颜色变化率（AWCD）增长曲线呈现中坡位>坡顶＞下坡位＞上坡位>坡底的规律,中坡位土壤微生物群落代谢活性最高,坡底土壤微生物群落对基质的利用能力最低;在土壤微生物多样性指数比较中发现,除McIntosh均一度指数变化不显著外,其余土壤微生物多样性指数在不同坡位上存在显著差异. 其中,中坡位的Shannon丰富度指数及Simpson优势度指数最大,显著高于坡底指数值（P<0.05）;对土壤微生物群落碳源利用特征分析,氨基酸类利用率变化明显大于其他碳源,而胺类及酚酸类的利用程度较低,表明氨基酸类是土壤微生物利用的主要碳源;通过主成分分析发现,不同坡位的土壤微生物群落对碳源利用具有选择性,糖类、 氨基酸类、 聚合物类及酚酸类是对土壤微生物群落功能多样性差异贡献较大的碳源.