Analysis of carbon isotopes in airborne carbonate and implications for aeolian sources

Methods were developed to determine the mass ratios of carbon isotopes in trace amounts of aerosol carbonate. A Finnigan MAT 252 mass spectrometer fitted with an on-line Kiel device was to determine the ^13C/^12C ratio in CO2 produced from the carbonate. A study using these methods was conducted to characterize the carbonate carbon isotopes in aerosol samples collected in Xi‘an on dusty and normal days during March and April 2002. Results of the study demonstrate that insights into the origin of the dust can be deduced from its isotopic composition. That is, the δ^13C ofcarbonate for dust storm samples ranged from -1.4‰ to -4.2‰, and this is consistent with sandy materials in dust source regions upwind. In contrast, for non-dusty days δ^13C ranged from -7.5% to -9.3‰, which is more similar to fine particles emitted from local surface soils. Comparisons of dust storm aerosols with surface soils from source regions and with aerosol samples collected downwind indicate that the δ^13C values did not change appreciably during longrange transport. Therefore, carbon isotopes have the potential for distinguishing among source materials, and this approach provides a powerful new tool for identifying dust provenance.     

Coupling and feedback between iron and sulphur in air-sea exchange

Iron in surface seawater has been demonstrated to be the limiting nutrient factor for primary productivity in certain oceanic regions where other major nutrients are abundant[1—5]. The available Fe to the phytoplankton in seawater is related to the uptake of carbon dioxide through the ocean and, in turn, to the global greenhouse effect[6—11]. Recent reports showed that the available Fe in the seawater is closely correlative to nitrogen fixation in the ocean[12—17]. Understanding which Fe s…     

新型振动发尘器及其振动学分析

为满足通风除尘实验的需要,根据振动学原理研制出一种新型的振动发尘器。该发尘器具有发尘量均匀、粉尘不易堵塞、除尘系统入口含尘浓度均匀以及对除尘系统内部流场影响极小等特点。建立了该发尘器的振动学模型,获得了振动加速度的计算公式,为设计该发尘器提供了理论依据。     

粉尘危害个人防护技术研究

以白刚玉试验粉尘替代滑石粉,并对传统的测尘装置进行了改进,较好地解决了对呼吸性粉尘阻尘效率的检验,研制出一种新型高效低阻聚丙烯滤料和新型防尘口罩,口罩主要性能参数的参数均达到国家标准。     

矿井粉尘直接测定方法

提出了采用粘尘剂、多面空心球、二氯甲烷实现一次多点采样,用 Ｍａｓｙｅｒｓｉｚｅｒ Ｘ分散度仅直接测定粒度分布的新方法,并用它测定了矿井巷道粉尘浓度和粒度情况．对漳村矿某一回风巷道断面的粉尘分布情况分析证明此方法可靠．     

西安市区降尘的元素特征

通过对西安市降尘的成分和元素含量的分析，并与本区沉积于１．８万ａ前（那时还没有现代化工业）的晚更新马兰黄土的元素含量相比较，对西安市降尘的元素特征和变化进行了研究，同时也探讨了降尘的来源以及空气的污染程度和污染源。     

固体卤化物的抑尘性能

用试验方法分别测定了含ＮａＣｌ，ＣａＣｌ２，ＭｇＣｌ２３种卤化物的粉尘试样在自然环境中昼夜周期吸湿、放湿的行为，并统计分析了试样吸湿率与吸湿剂含量、空气中的温度、湿度等因素之间的关系．其研究结果对卤化物抑制路面、地面和各种散体堆放场等的扬尘具有重要的实际意义．     

硅钙粉尘云爆炸的下限浓度

在改进的哈特曼爆炸装置中测定了硅钙粉尘云爆炸的下限浓度;研制了测定粉尘浓度的光电探头;对田中达夫计算粉尘云爆炸下限浓度的理论公式进行了部分修正;用修正后的公式计算所得的硅钙粉爆炸下限浓度的理论值与实验测定值吻合较好。     

Characterization of MASDs of surface soils in north China and its influence on estimating dust emission

Inordertoquantitivelyevaluateeffectsofdustaerosolonradiativeforcing[1],andtounderstandtheprocessofatmosphericchemistryandbiogeochemistry[2,3],modelingthedustemissionfluxisakindoffundamentalwork.TheDPMmodel[4—6]isidealforpredictingdustemission[7—10]becauseitconsiderseffectsofsurfacefea-tures(MASDofsurfacesoil,roughnesslengthandsoilmoisture,etc)andsandblastingprocess.Italsoprovidesanexplicitphysicalmechanismthatisvalidatedbywindtunnelandfieldexperiments[7—10].Themeandiameterofsurfacesoilsi…     

丁二酸钠对氯化钙溶液渗透性能的影响

由于氯化钙会与土壤络合产生胶结和硅化,作者选择了表面活性剂丁二酸钠作为助渗剂,采用试验方法测定了在氯化钙溶液中添加该助渗剂后在粉尘中的渗透行为．试验结果表明,合适的丁二酸钠添加量可在一定程度上提高氯化钙溶液的渗透能力和降低溶液的表面张力;对于浓度为５％,１５％,２５％（质量分数）的ＣａＣｌ２溶液,丁二酸钠的适宜添加量分别为０．２％～０．５％,０．２％～０．３％,０．２％～０．３％（质量分数）,此时溶液的渗透能力可分别提高约１８％,１４％,１３％．这一研究结果对用氯化钙固土抑尘具有积极作用．