杆系结构静/动力学计算的直接方法

针对有限单元法计算精度受网格密度制约的问题,提出一种求任意复杂杆系静、动力学问题精确解的方法.该方法基于节点分析法,逐个节点列位移相容方程和内力平衡方程,以谱系数作为未知数,杆件变形和截面内力则采用相应问题的精确解来描述.用代数符号化的方式,对方程系数矩阵的组建过程进行了详细描述,为通用程序编制提供依据.对建模过程中的分布式载荷和铰接接头的处理方法进行了探讨并给出处理方法.通过平面钢架屈曲分析和空间管路谐响应分析,证实所提方法具有计算精度高、划分单元数少的特点,特别适合于需要精确解的场合.     

海洋环境参数对Scholte波特性的影响

采用半无限海底的Scholte波模型并将其推广至分层海底,在直角坐标系下利用流体和弹性体中的波动方程,提出基于水平分层弹性海底模型的Scholte波的求解方法,结合简正波理论分析了Scholte波的频散特性及其质点运动轨迹和质点位移的传播特性,并分析了海洋环境参数(声速与海底参数)对Scholte波传播特征的影响.结果表明,Scholte波受海底介质中横波声速的影响最大,其频散曲线转折点可用于估算弹性沉积层厚度.     

大矢高脊线式叉筒网壳静力及抗震性能分析

运用ANSYS软件对大矢高脊线式叉筒网壳结构进行系统的静力性能分析,详细研究了结构跨度S、矢高f、环向区域份数Kn、径向节点圈数nx对结构静力性能的影响;在此基础上对结构进行自振特性分析和地震响应分析。探讨了跨度、矢高对结构基频的影响规律,及结构环向区域份数、径向节点圈数对结构震后最大位移的影响规律。研究结果表明:大矢高脊线式叉筒网壳静力性能良好,矢高对结构静力性能影响不大,环向区域份数、径向节点圈数对结构静力性能影响较复杂;结构自振频率分布和振型有很强的规律性,结构基频对跨度较敏感;结构抗震性能优越,结构环向区域份数对结构震后最大位移影响较大。     

A murine lung cancer co-clinical trial identifies genetic modifiers of therapeutic response

Targeted therapies have demonstrated efficacy against specific subsets of molecularly defined cancers. Although most patients with lung cancer are stratified according to a single oncogenic driver, cancers harbouring identical activating genetic mutations show large variations in their responses to the same targeted therapy. The biology underlying this heterogeneity is not well understood, and the impact of co-existing genetic mutations, especially the loss of tumour suppressors, has not been fully explored. Here we use genetically engineered mouse models to conduct a 'co-clinical' trial that mirrors an ongoing human clinical trial in patients with KRAS-mutant lung cancers. This trial aims to determine if the MEK inhibitor selumetinib (AZD6244) increases the efficacy of docetaxel, a standard of care chemotherapy. Our studies demonstrate that concomitant loss of either p53 (also known as Tp53) or Lkb1 (also known as Stk11), two clinically relevant tumour suppressors, markedly impaired the response of Kras-mutant cancers to docetaxel monotherapy. We observed that the addition of selumetinib provided substantial benefit for mice with lung cancer caused by Kras and Kras and p53 mutations, but mice with Kras and Lkb1 mutations had primary resistance to this combination therapy. Pharmacodynamic studies, including positron-emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT), identified biological markers in mice and patients that provide a rationale for the differential efficacy of these therapies in the different genotypes. These co-clinical results identify predictive genetic biomarkers that should be validated by interrogating samples from patients enrolled on the concurrent clinical trial. These studies also highlight the rationale for synchronous co-clinical trials, not only to anticipate the results of ongoing human clinical trials, but also to generate clinically relevant hypotheses that can inform the analysis and design of human studies.     

Optical nano-imaging of gate-tunable graphene plasmons

The ability to manipulate optical fields and the energy flow of light is central to modern information and communication technologies, as well as quantum information processing schemes. However, because photons do not possess charge, a way of controlling them efficiently by electrical means has so far proved elusive. A promising way to achieve electric control of light could be through plasmon polaritons—coupled excitations of photons and charge carriers—in graphene. In this two-dimensional sheet of carbon atoms, it is expected that plasmon polaritons and their associated optical fields can readily be tuned electrically by varying the graphene carrier density. Although evidence of optical graphene plasmon resonances has recently been obtained spectroscopically, no experiments so far have directly resolved propagating plasmons in real space. Here we launch and detect propagating optical plasmons in tapered graphene nanostructures using near-field scattering microscopy with infrared excitation light. We provide real-space images of plasmon fields, and find that the extracted plasmon wavelength is very short—more than 40 times smaller than the wavelength of illumination. We exploit this strong optical field confinement to turn a graphene nanostructure into a tunable resonant plasmonic cavity with extremely small mode volume. The cavity resonance is controlled in situ by gating the graphene, and in particular, complete switching on and off of the plasmon modes is demonstrated, thus paving the way towards graphene-based optical transistors. This successful alliance between nanoelectronics and nano-optics enables the development of active subwavelength-scale optics and a plethora of nano-optoelectronic devices and functionalities, such as tunable metamaterials, nanoscale optical processing, and strongly enhanced light–matter interactions for quantum devices and biosensing applications.     

基于MSPM的故障诊断技术研究现状与展望

首先,阐述基于主元分析(PCA)模型、偏最小二乘法(PLS)模型和独立分量分析(ICA)模型的统计过程监控方法的基本思想及应用情况,并综述各种方法的研究现状及发展趋势.其次,介绍将传统统计过程监控技术与故障预测技术相结合,并实现基于多元统计过程监控(MSPM)的故障预测的方法及其研究成果.最后,分别就多元故障预测技术中出现的非高斯、非线性、多模态、概率分布、间歇过程的故障预测和应用验证等6个难点问题进行讨论.     

通勤出行时间与方式选择

针对不同方式通勤出行者在出行时间上的差异性,从通勤出行方式对通勤出行时间的影响出发,将通勤出行方式选择和出行时间选择纳入同一模型系统,建立由离散选择模型和线性回归模型组成的离散 连续模型,对通勤出行方式和出行时间选择及其相互影响模式进行了深入分析.研究表明,通勤出行方式对出行时间选择有显著影响,通勤者年龄、性别及其家庭成员结构、工作活动属性及通勤途中的非工作活动安排等都是出行方式和出行时间选择的重要影响因素.本研究对准确预测通勤出行选择行为及其对交通管理工作的影响有重要意义.     

面波勘探和台阵地脉动观测相结合的地基调查法及其在松江古照壁保护中的应用

通过对高密度面波勘探和台阵地脉动勘探的频散分析算法的理论分析,推导出了2种勘探数据频散分析目标函数的统一表达式.根据该结果,用加权函数将2个目标函数结合起来,联合分析2种数据得到一条由高频到低频的完整的频散曲线;反演该频散曲线就可得到由地表到大深度的地下构造.将该方法应用于松江古照壁文物保护之地基勘查,为建立地震响应分析模型提供了由地表到40 m深处的横波速度构造.该方法是一种简便快速并兼顾浅层精度和勘探深度的工程地质调查方法.     

静水压力下橡胶动态力学参数的声管测量方法

建立了利用水声声管进行静水压力下橡胶材料动态力学参数测量的方法.基于含均匀圆柱空腔结构中弹性波传播的等效复波数近似解和水声声管中等效复波数的测量、求解方法,通过制作均匀实心结构和含均匀圆柱空腔结构两种试样,分别获取其纵波波数和等效复波数,联合求解反演出橡胶材料的动态力学参数.对某橡胶材料常压和静压下的动态力学参数进行测试,总结出静水压力对橡胶材料动态力学参数的影响规律,对测试误差产生的原因进行讨论分析.对比静水压力下某声学覆盖层的吸声系数测试结果和采用实测橡胶材料参数进行有限元分析的结果,表明该方法具有较高的精度和潜在的应用价值.     

“发动机原理”均质充量压燃燃烧的仿真教学设计

“发动机原理”课程中的均质充量压燃燃烧涉及大量化学动力学机理,学生理解较为困难,运用Chemkin软件搭建发动机均质充量压燃燃烧的仿真实验模型,通过修改相应参数,得到不同初始条件下的放热率、缸内温度、缸内压力等仿真结果,针对仿真结果进行分组讨论,得到相应结论,并将燃料扩展到天然气,分析参数变化对天然气发动机均质充量压燃燃烧的影响,激发了学生的兴趣,加深了学生对教学内容的理解。