Effect of light response on the photocatalytic activity of BiOCl x Br1−x in the removal of Rhodamine B from water

BiOClxBr1-x catalysts were synthesized through an alcoholysis method and characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy （HRTEM）, and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy （DRS）. The as-prepared photocatalysts were found to be tetragonal crystal structure and lamellar plate morphology. Their band gaps were between 3.44 and 2.83 eV. The effect of light response on the photocatalytic activity of BiOClxBrl-x was investigated by degradation of Rhodamine B （RhB）. Complete removal of RhB from water was realized under simulated sunlight irradiation for 50 min with BiOC10.5Br0.5. Mechanism studies showed that photo- generated holes and superoxide anion radicals played important roles in RhB photodegradation. The results of chemical oxygen demand （COD） confirmed RhB mineralization. The effect of light response on the activity of BiOClxBr1-x was further investigated under monochromatic light irradiation, and BiOCl0.5Br0.5 catalyst exhibited the highest activity. Furthermore, BiOC10.5Br0.5 exhibited high stability, suggesting its practical application for the removal of RhB pollutant from water.     

汽车尾气对烟台市大气环境的影响研究

介绍了近年来烟台市区汽车保有量的增长,以数学统计方法计算了烟台市汽车尾气中SO2、NOx、PM10的排放量,并在此基础上分析了烟台市汽车尾气的时间、空间分布特征.结果表明:烟台市大气污染物浓度较低,空气质量较好,但比较2008年和2010年的大气监测数据显示,2010年比2008年SO2、NOx、PM10的浓度稍高.     

有机改性膨润土法处理印钞废水

采用有机改性膨润土法对某印钞厂的高浓度有机难降解废水进行处理以降低水中的有机污染物和水体颜色.实验结果显示,聚合氯化铝(PAC)投加量对于处理效果的影响最大,当膨润土投加量为15 g.L-1,聚合氯化铝投加量为3.5 g.L-1,搅拌时间为0.5h时,处理效果最佳,印钞废水吸光度去除率高达96.55%,化学需氧量(COD)去除率最高达到73.31%.使用该方法对印钞废水处理,可以有效降低水体COD和表观颜色,并且不引入新的污染物,无浓水排放,非常适合作为废水深度处理的预处理工艺.     

太原市居民自备井水质状况检测研究

介绍了太原市整体地下水水环境现状,在此基础上对位于全市14处自备井分丰水期和枯水期进行了3次取样,并完成了40个污染物项目的检测。结果显示,只有部分地区个别项目检出超标,现阶段太原市区自备井的水质卫生基本符合国家生活饮用水水质卫生要求,其中北部水质较好,西部、南部略差,水中污染物分布有区域性差异。     

蚯蚓对植物修复永久性有机污染物的影响

为探讨土壤动物在植物修复永久性有机污染物过程中的作用,采用盆栽试验法,研究了蚯蚓对紫花苜蓿修复土壤菲污染的影响效应.结果显示,试验浓度(20.05~322.06 mg.kg-1)范围内,蚯蚓活动促进了菲污染土壤中修复植物的生长,其根冠比明显增大.添加蚯蚓70 d后,种植紫花苜蓿土壤中菲的去除率高达58.60%~81.82%,其平均去除率(73.42%)比无蚯蚓活动的土壤—植物系统(64.02%)提高9.40%,比无植物对照组(22.57%)提高50.85%.各种生物、非生物修复因子中,植物—微生物交互作用对菲去除的平均贡献率(44.09%)最为突出,比无蚯蚓活动时(37.97%)提高6.12%.说明蚯蚓活动可强化土壤—植物系统对土壤菲污染的修复作用.     

Elemental composition of aerosols collected in the glacier area on Nyainqêntanglha Range, Tibetan Plateau, during summer monsoon season

In order to investigate the elemental composition in atmospheric aerosols and its sources in the glacier area over the Tibetan Plateau (TP), seven totally suspended particle samples were collected continuously at the col of the Zhadang glacier (30°28′N,90°39′E,5800 m a.s.l.), Nyainqêntanglha Range, southern TP, from June to October 2006. Twenty-seven elements (Li, Be, B, Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ga, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Cd, Cs, Ba, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th, U) were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The result indicates that the concentrations of most elements (especially crustal elements) are lower than values at the Nam Co Station during the same period of 2005, and also much lower than other sites in the TP such as Wudaoliang and Waliguan. This suggests that elemental compositions of aerosols in the Zhadang glacier area may represent the background levels of the middle/upper troposphere over the TP. Crustal enrichment factors (EFs) reveal that several elements (e.g. B, Zn, As, Cd, Pb and Bi) may have anthropogenic sources. The southern TP is mainly influenced by the summer Indian monsoon during the sampling period. Backward air mass trajectory analysis suggests that air masses in the region may originate from South Asia. Therefore, anthropogenic pollutants from South Asia may be transported by the summer Indian monsoon to the region which clearly affects the atmospheric environment in the southern TP during the summer monsoon season.     

太湖限制排污总量及其管理应用研究

污染物总量控制是指导流域污染源治理和改善湖泊水环境质量的重要措施,基于特定水文条件计算得到的总量控制成果,尽管应用偏安全,却无法反映自然水文过程的动态变化,也不适应污染源全面控制的需要,因此进行湖泊限制排污总量动态变化分析并提出环湖分区入湖水质浓度控制要求,既适应了湖泊自然变化特征,又可以满足流域污染源全面控制与入湖污染负荷定量化管理的实际需要。本文分析了湖泊纳污能力的动态变化特征,提出选择典型水文年和将湖泊与环湖河道作为一个整体进行模拟是进行湖泊限制排污总量核算的关键,并以枯水年作为代表水文年,采用二维数学模型进行了近期太湖纳污能力动态变化模拟及限制排污总量核算,并基于近期太湖限制排污总量研究成果,提出环太湖分区逐月入湖水质浓度的平均值在经过简单的技术修正后,可作为近期太湖各分区入湖河道的水质控制浓度要求,为太湖流域近期水环境定量化管理提供了技术支撑。     

水污染扩散模拟三维可视化研究

分析了基于二维图像的水污染模型计算结果可视化不足--脱离地形地貌环境、缺乏空间定位信息,提出基于虚拟现实的水污染扩散模拟三维可视化方法,讨论了数据组织与压缩、仿真模型与可视化一体化集成、查询统计等关键技术,对长江三峡库区万州段污染物迁移转化过程进行了动态模拟.结论表明,该方法形象直观地展现了水污染扩散推进三维效果,为检验污染模型的准确性提供了参考和依据,也为水环境综合整治与管理走向定量化、科学化提供了一种崭新的思路和可靠的技术支持.     

用燃煤锅炉灰、渣处理炼油废水的研究

针对石油炼制行业生化后的排放废水达标率低这一难题，提出了采用粉煤灰、炉渣处理这类含油废水的工艺技术路线。通过实验室试验，试验表明：采用该法处理经生化后的含油废水，技术简单可靠，经济实惠，处理后各项水质指标均达到或低于国家排放标准。