七种番茄种质的性状观察

着重对 7种番茄种质的重要经济生物学性状进行了观察记载与评价 .这些性状包括番茄直立性、茎面光滑度、果实形状、果肉颜色、果皮颜色等 13个质量性状以及物候期、果实重量、可溶性固形物含量、含酸量和产量等性状 ,为进一步利用这些宝贵的种质资源提供了理论基础     

Detecting quantitative trait loci for water use efficiency in rice using a recombinant inbred line population

Breeding rice with high water use efficiency (WUE) can ameliorate water shortage through water-saving irrigation.However,WUE is a complex quantitative trait and very few studies have been conducted to measure WUE directly.In this study,a recombined inbred line population derived from a cross between an indica lowland rice and upland japonica rice was used to dissect the genetic control of WUE by fine-monitored water supply experiments.Quantitative trait loci (QTL) were scanned for 10 traits including heading date (HD),water-consumption per day (water/d),shoot weight gain per day (shootw/d),root weight gain per day (rootw/d),kernel weight gain per day (kernelw/d),average WUE at whole plant level (WUEwhole/d),average WUE for up-ground biomass (WUEup/d),average WUE for grain yield (WUEyield/d),average economic index (econindex/d),and average root/shoot ratio per day (ratio/d).The results show that most of the traits were significantly correlated to each other.Twenty-four QTL (LOD ≥ 2.0) were detected for econindex,econindex/d,WUEyield,WUEyield/d,WUEup,WUEup/d,WUEwhole,WUEwhole/d,kernelw,kernelw/d,rootw,and water/d by composite interval mapping.These QTLs are located on chromosomes 1,2,4,6,7,8,and 12.Individual QTLs accounted for 4.97%-10.78% of the phenotypic variation explained.Some of these QTLs overlapped with previously reported drought resistance QTLs detected in this population.These results provide useful information for further dissection of the genetic basis and marker-assisted selection of WUE in rice.     

鹅掌楸属种间杂交可配性与杂种优势的早期表现

研究了鹅掌楸属树科杂交可配性及杂科优势在种实性状上的表现，结果表明：（ｌ）千粒 重和种子饱满率在父本间和母本间差异均达极显著水平，两个性状在不同母本间不相关（ｒ= ０． ００７１），而在不同父本间呈中度正相关（ｒ=０． ６６４ ７）， 因此，不宜以千粒重作为比较母树间种 子品质的指标，而在研究不同父本时种子品质影响时，千粒重指标具有一定的参考价值；（２）不 同交配系统间及同一交配系统内不同交配组合间杂交可配性不同，授粉结实率应作为亲本选 择的重要依据。其中，以中国马褂木为轮回亲本的正、反交回交系统和以中国马褂木为母本的 杂交系统具有较高的杂交可配性，在杂交制科时可加以利用；（３）与中国马褂木种内交配系统 （ＣＸＣ）相比，种间杂交系统（ＣＸＴ）发芽效率提高 ７０．７８％、平均发芽时间缩短1ｄ、发芽高峰 期提早３ｄ，这些都可以看作杂种优势的早期表现形式。而 ＦＩ杂种马褂木自（近）交系统（Ｈ× H发芽效率最低、平均发芽时间最长、发芽高峰期出现最晚，则可能与近交衰退有关。     

基于PTA量表的物理化学综合实践活动的实施与评价

物理化学作为一门化学理论课程,以抽象和繁杂的知识为主,成为学生学习生涯中的拦路虎.随着课程综合化在时代变迁中日益凸显的重要性,拟将综合实践活动引入物理化学的教学中,采用合作学习来组织教学,以期让学生能够在活动中轻松又高效地学习物理化学知识,并培养自身的综合能力.同时,尝试应用PTA量表法来评定学生在活动过程中的表现,方便教师对学生的学习情况进行科学有效的评价.     

E·W·戈斯爵士及其《惠特曼访问记》简论

本文较详实地介绍了英国文人埃德蒙· W·戈斯爵士的文学生涯 ,并通过赏析其优秀散文《沃尔特·惠特曼访问记》,力图揭示他散文清新隽永耐人玩味的特点     

普通小麦品种主要性状的灰色关联度和相关性分析

运用相关分析和灰色关联分析法,对20份皖北小麦主栽品种进行遗传性状分析,以探讨品种产量影响因素之间的相互关系,旨在为小麦的遗传改良与育种利用提供依据。结果表明,各农艺性状与产量的灰色关联度大小顺序为:千粒重,小穗数,小穗粒数,粒宽,小穗密度,粒长,穗长,株高,分蘖数和护颖长短。其中千粒重、小穗数和小穗粒数是制约产量的最大因素;粒宽、小穗密度、粒长、穗长、株高、分蘖数和护颖长对产量制约力依次变小。因此,高产育种时,宜考虑选择有效穗数、穗粒数和千粒重高的小麦品种。     

Bin-based model construction and analytical strategies for dissecting complex traits with chromosome segment substitution lines

Chromosome segment substitution lines have been created in several experimental models,including many plant and animal species,and are useful tools for the genetic analysis and mapping of complex traits.The traditional t-test is usually applied to identify a quantitative trait locus (QTL) that is contained within a chromosome segment to estimate the QTL’s effect.However,current methods cannot uncover the entire genetic structure of complex traits.For example,current methods cannot distinguish between main effects and epistatic effects.In this paper,a linear epistatic model was constructed to dissect complex traits.First,all the long substituted segments were divided into overlapping small bins,and each small bin was considered a unique independent variable.The genetic model for complex traits was then constructed.When considering all the possible main effects and epistatic effects,the dimensions of the linear model can become extremely high.Therefore,variable selection via stepwise regression (Bin-REG) was proposed for the epistatic QTL analysis in the present study.Furthermore,we tested the feasibility of using the LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) algorithm to estimate epistatic effects,examined the fully Bayesian SSVS (stochastic search variable selection) approach,tested the empirical Bayes (E-BAYES) method,and evaluated the penalized likelihood (PENAL) method for mapping epistatic QTLs.Simulation studies suggested that all of the above methods,excluding the LASSO and PENAL approaches,performed satisfactorily.The Bin-REG method appears to outperform all other methods in terms of estimating positions and effects.     

皖草2号RIL群体5个农艺性状的QTL定位

皖草2号是我国育成的第1个高粱和苏丹草的杂交品种,具有产量高、品质优、适应性强的特点。以皖草2号重组自交系（RIL）群体为材料,对其株高（PH）、茎粗（SD）、分蘖数（TN）、单株鲜质量（FW）和单株干质量（DW） 5个农艺性状进行了遗传分析;利用SSR分子标记,构建了皖草2号RIL群体的遗传图谱,并对株高、茎粗、分蘖数、单株鲜质量和干质量5个农艺性状进行QTL定位。结果表明：（1）RIL群体的平均株高、茎粗、分蘖数、单株鲜质量和单株干质量都位于2个亲本之间;除分蘖数外,其他4个性状呈正态分布。（2）利用147个SSR标记构建了10个连锁群的遗传图谱,总遗传距离为1 030.4 cM,标记间的平均距离为7.14 cM;进一步利用遗传图谱定位了控制5个农艺性状的QTL位点共22个,其中PH位点1个、SD位点2个、TN位点6个、FW位点7个、DW位点6个,在这22个QTL位点中,qFW-6位点贡献率最小,为3.61%;qDW-8位点贡献率最大,为34.24%。研究结果可为饲用高粱与苏丹草杂交种的分子标记辅助育种提供一定的理论参考。     

基于美国高加索人群瘦体重的全基因组关联研究

为了寻找与瘦体重相关的单核苷酸多态性(SNP)位点及易感基因,在2 283名不相关的美国高加索人群中对瘦体重指数(LMI)进行全基因组关联分析(GWAS),并在1 000名不相关的美国高加索人群中验证,将研究结果与验证结果进行荟萃分析。研究发现,位于19p13.3区域的UQCR, MBD3和TCF3基因与LMI相关联。UQCR基因上rs8697(合并p=4.94×10~(-3))和rs56122285(合并p=2.59×10~(-3))具有eQTL效应,MBD3基因上rs8110543(合并p=6.88×10~(-3))和rs7252741(合并p=1.22×10~(-2))具有eQTL效应,DB得分分别为1b和1f。本研究进一步证实了UQCR,MBD3和TCF3基因在瘦体重变异中的作用,对肌少症的认识提供新的理论依据。