微波辅助H2O2降解水中苯酚的研究

对微波辅助H2O2降解水中苯酚进行研究,考察了不同因素对苯酚降解效果的影响.结果表明:微波辅助H2O2降解水中苯酚最佳降解条件为:对于100 mL浓度为50 mg·L-1的苯酚溶液,加入质量浓度为6%的H2O2溶液8.0 mL,在室温、微波功率500 W下,微波作用45 min,苯酚降解率可达88.76%.实验同时表明:微波与H2O2在降解苯酚时存在明显的协同效应.     

微波加热内配碳酸钙高碳铬铁粉固相脱碳

高碳铬铁无渣脱碳法可避免有毒铬渣的排放,利用微波场可快速加热粉状物料的特性,在高碳铬铁粉中配加一定比例的碳酸钙粉,可实现高碳铬铁粉快速固相脱碳.实验结果表明:配加一定比例的碳酸钙粉,不会影响内配碳酸钙高碳铬铁粉混合物料的微波加热特性;提高混合物料的脱碳摩尔比、微波加热温度和保温时间,有利于高碳铬铁粉的深度脱碳,但相应加剧脱碳铬铁粉的氧化程度.合适的固相脱碳条件为:脱碳摩尔比1∶1.0~1∶1.4,微波加热温度1100℃,保温脱碳时间60 min.在上述条件下可使碳质量分数为8.16%的高碳铬铁粉脱碳至3.91%~1.71%,脱碳率为52.08%~79.04%.     

Synthesis of Ta C and Ta_2C from tantalum and graphite in the laser-heated diamond anvil cell

The pressure dependence of the onset of the formation of Ta C and Ta2 C from the elements has been investigated by in situ X-ray diffraction and pyrometry.Ta C has been synthesized by the reaction of Ta and graphite at pressures between 8.6 and 14.3 GPa and at temperatures up to 2,300 K using a laser-heated diamond anvil cell. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction. Ta and graphite begin to react around 1,100 K at ambient pressure conditions, and the reaction temperature increases with increasing pressure. A linear extrapolation of these data is consistent with recent observations of the formation of Ta C at 90 GPa and 3,600 K. We show that diffusion of carbon into tantalum significantly changes the lattice parameter of up to 2 % in the pressure range of up to19 GPa. In some experiments, Ta2 C was formed concomitantly. The experimentally determined bulk modulus of Ta2 C is B0;exp：= 286（5） GPa. Other tantalum carbide phases were not observed.     

Assessment of alternated cooling and heating treatment by US combined CEUS in the VX2 rabbit liver tumor model

Inoperable liver tumors are often treated by thermal ablation that destroys the tumor in situ and spares the adjacent hepatic tissue.Thermal–physical treatment has many advantages,but treatment by freezing or heating alone has some limitations.By taking the advantages and disadvantages of cryosurgery and thermotherapy into consideration,a new thermal technique that combines cryosurgery and radio frequency ablation has been proposed,thereby overcoming the disadvantages of each treatment strategy and improving therapeutic outcomes.This new approach remains to be systematically studied in the liver;therefore,this study was performed to estimate survival after alternated cooling and heating ablation therapy in a VX2 rabbit liver tumor model.Sixteen days after VX2 carcinoma implantation into the rabbit liver,tumors were treated with alternated cooling and heating ablation therapy.Rabbits were monitored for 6 months after treatment and assessed with ultrasound(US)and computed tomography at 1,7,14,and 30 days posttreatment.Untreated tumor-bearing animals served as the control group.Our results show that alternate freezing and heating ablation therapy resulted in a good recovery of VX2 rabbits.Compared with the control group,treated rabbits lived significantly longer(P\0.05),with 70%of treated animals surviving to 196 days posttreatment without metastasis or recurrence,while none of the controls did so.There was no local recurrence in the treatment group.All rabbits in the control group developed metastasis,while metastasis was only observed in 30% of treated rabbits.These results suggest that alternate cooling and heating ablation therapy can prolong the survival time of rabbits with VX2 liver tumors and is an effective method for tumor therapy.Furthermore,we also showed in this model that contrast enhanced US is a valid follow-up approach to assess treatment effectiveness.     

Novel laminated multiferroic heterostructures for reconfigurable microwave devices

Voltage tuning of magnetism is fundamentally and technically important for fast, compact and ultra-low power electronic devices. Multiferroic heterostructures,simultaneously exhibiting distinct ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties, have caught a lot of attentions because of the capability of controlling magnetism by a voltage via a strain-mediated magnetoelectric（ME） coupling. In these materials, a voltage-induced strain is involved to create an effective magnetic field and change ferromagnetic resonance frequency in the coupled ferromagnetic phases through magnetoelastic interactions. Therefore, the devices made of such materials are compact, ultra-fast and energy efficient,providing new functionalities for microwave components.This paper will review the recent progress of multiferroics and their applications in microwave devices from different aspects, including the creation of the novel laminated multiferroic heterostructures with a strong ME coupling, the realization of the multiferroics based on tunable microwave signal processors and the investigation of nonvolatile tuning of microwave properties using ferroelastic domain switching in multiferroic heterostructures. These tunable multiferroic heterostructures and devices offer great opportunities for realizing the next generation of tunable magnetic microwave components, ultra-low power electronics and spintronics.     

Constructal entransy optimizations for insulation layer of steel rolling reheating furnace wall with convective and radiative boundary conditions

Based on the entransy dissipation extremum principle for thermal insulation process, the constructal optimizations for a plane insulation layer of the steel rolling reheating furnace wall with convective and radiative boundary conditions are carried out by taking the minimization of entransy dissipation rate as optimization objective. The optimal construct of the plane insulation layer is obtained. The results show that for the convective heat transfer boundary condition, the optimal constructs of the insulation layer obtained based on the minimizations of the entransy dissipation rate and heat loss rate are obvi- ously different. Comparing the optimal construct obtained based on the minimization of the entransy dissipation rate with that based on the minimization of the heat loss rate, the entransy dissipation rate is reduced by 5.98 %, which makes the global thermal insulation performance of the insulation layer improve. For the combined convective and radiative heat transfer boundary condition, compared the insulation layer having an increasing thickness with that having constant thickness and a decreasing thickness, the entransy dissipation rates are reduced by 16.59 % and 39.72 %, respectively, and the global thermal insulation performance of the insulation layer is greatly improved.There exits an optimal constant coefficient α2,opt which leads to the minimum dimensionless entransy dissipation rate of the insulation layer. The difference between the optimal constant coefficients α2,opt obtained based on the minimizations of the entransy dissipation rate and the maximum temperature gradient of the insulation layer is small. This makes the corresponding thermal stress obtained based on the minimum dimensionless entransy dissipation rate also be small, and the global thermal insulation performance and thermal safety of the insulation layer are improved simultaneously. The results obtained can provide some guidelines for the optimal designs of the insulation layers.     

微波-超声波辅助提取金丝小枣环磷酸腺苷的技术研究

为提高金丝小枣环磷酸腺苷提取率,以金丝小枣为原料,通过Plackett-Burman(PB)实验设计,确定了影响金丝小枣环磷酸腺苷提取率的显著因素为微波时间、料液比、超声时间和超声功率。在此基础上,通过Box-Behnken(BB)实验设计、响应面分析法,最终得出了超声时间是影响提取效果的最显著因子,其次是料液比,微波时间、超声功率在设定条件范围内对提取效果影响不显著。确定了金丝小枣环磷酸腺苷的最佳提取条件为微波功率440 W、微波时间64 s、料液比1:8、超声时间21 min、超声功率300 W、超声温度20℃,在此条件下,金丝小枣环磷酸腺苷提取率为90.83%。本研究成果能够为医药和食品工业提供良好的天然活性物质,为金丝小枣及其他枣品的深加工和工业化应用提供了参考依据。     

含1,2,4-三唑希夫碱结构的6-取代吲哚衍生物的微波合成及其抗菌活性研究

在微波辐射条件下,以吲哚-6-甲酸甲酯为原料,设计合成了8个含1,2,4-三唑结构单元的希夫碱型吲哚衍生物.通过微波法和常规法的研究对比发现,使用微波法后,产率从54%~72%提高到75%~92%,反应时间从80~120分钟缩短到8~10分钟.所有化合物的结构经1H NMR,IR,ESI-MS及元素分析确证.初步的抗菌活性表明,化合物5b和5c分别对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌有一定的抑制作用.     

功能化PVDC负载钯配合物在微波促进下催化Suzuki反应

聚偏二氯乙烯(PVDC)被二乙烯三胺(DETA)修饰后可以有效负载氯化钯,从而制得催化剂PVDC-DETA-Pd.利用IR、TG、XPS等测试手段对其结构进行了表征.热分析表明,催化剂在室温至200℃有很好的热稳定性.该催化剂在微波促进条件下有良好的催化性能,可以催化各种芳基卤化物和四苯硼钠间的Suzuki反应.并且催化剂回收再利用5次后,产率仍能达到75%.     

微波下TiO2-La2O3-SO42- 催化合成乙酰水杨酸

本文考察了微波作用下固体超强酸TiO_2-La_2O_-SO_4~(2-)对乙酰水杨酸合成的影响,主要考察了微波功率、时间、反应物的配比、催化剂的用量等方面。