中国大陆乙型肝炎病毒基因分型的研究进展

目的:综述乙型肝炎病毒的分子基因型在中国境内的地理分布的特点、临床特征和治疗疗效的关系。方法:收集并综述近五年中国大陆的研究成果。结果:虽然HBV有8个基因型,但中国大陆只有4个基因型别流行,其分布表现出明显的地域性。结论:中国大陆HBV基因型与HBV自然史、致病性、预防、治疗等关系的研究为今后控制乙型肝炎提出了方向。     

噪声关联促使基因分离

研究关联白噪声对基因选择模型稳态性质的影响，结果发现噪声关联能够破坏基因选择的平衡，并且能够从基因群体中选择出某一特定的基因的单倍体。     

草莓不同基因型的再生能力比较

为选择再生能力较好的草莓品种并建立基因转化受体系统，本试验对草莓４个栽培品种Ｈ６、哈尼、明晶、长虹１号进行了基因型筛选．结果表明，在这４个品种中，明晶的再生能力最强，长虹１号次之，Ｈ５与哈尼的再生系统则不易建立．明晶、长虹１号的最佳培养基分别为ＭＳ中补加ＢＡ１．５ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＩＢＡ０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ和ＭＳ中补加ＢＡ１．５ｍｇ／Ｌ、ＩＢＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ．     

Genetic control of hippocampal cholinergic and dynorphinergic mechanisms regulating novelty-induced exploratory behavior in house mice

Summary Neurobehavioral genetics endeavors to trace the pathways from genetic and eenvironmental determinants to neuroanatomical and neurophysiological systems and, thence, to behavior. Exploiting genetic variation as a tool, the behavioral sequelae of manipulating these neuronal systems by drugs and antisera are analyzed. Apart from research in rats, this paper deals mainly with the genetically-influenced regulation in mice of exploratory behaviors that are adaptive in novel surroundings and are hippocampally-mediated. Special attention is paid to neuropeptidergic, GABAergic, and cholinergic synaptic functions in the mouse hippocampus.The behaviorally different inbred mouse strains C57BL/6 and DBA/2 show opposite reactions (reductions and increases, respectively, in exploration rates) to peripheral and intrahippocampal injections with agents that interfere with peptidergic, cholinergic, and GABAergic neurotransmission. These findings can be explained by an interdependent over-release of opioids, arrested GABA release, and excess acetylcholine in the hippocampal neuronal network of DBA/2 mice, as compared to C57BL/6 mice where these systems are functionally well balanced. Very similar results have been obtained with the lines SRH and SRL, derived from C57BL/6 and DBA/2, and genetically selected for rearing behavior. Most probably, the opioids act to disinhibit exploratory responses. An additional genetic approach is mentioned, in which four inbred mouse strains and one derived heterogeneous stock are used for estimating genetic correlations between structural properties of the hippocampal mossy fibers and levels of hippocampal dynorphin B, on the one hand, and frequencies of exploratory responses to environmental novelty, on the other.     

正选型婚配群体中隐性纯合体频率的估算公式

本文以隐性纯合体频率为指标，分析了表型正选型婚配群体中世代间其量值变化，揭示了与世代延续的函数关系，并导出用以表征该型婚配遗传效应的数学模型，从而，为遗传病流行学和人类及医学遗传学在群体水平上的研究提供了一简便、实用的估算公式。     

杉木种子园自由授粉子代遗传变异及优良遗传型选择

以福建邵武卫闽国有林场营造的杉木种子园自由授粉子代测定林为试验材料，对25年生的试验林进行系统测定，探讨了家系生长性状、木材基本密度、本材红心材比率、彤质性状的遗传变异规律，并进行了相关性分析。结果表明：杉木种子园自由授粉子代家系在树高、胸径、材积性状上存在显著差异；木材基本密度在家系水平上存在较小差异，而在个体水平上差异较大，木材红心材比率在家系、个体水平上差异都很大；参试家系在树干通直度、圆满度，分枝角等形质性状上差异不大，在树皮率指标上存在很大变异。家系生长性状与木材红心材比率呈显著至极显著的正相关关系，但与木材基本密度相关性很小；生长性状与树皮率指标问存在极显著的负相关关系。进行杉木优良家系选择时在早期（4年生）以树高指标采用较低的选择强度进行选择，到了中期（7～10年生）以中等选择强度进行选择，到了后期（18年生左右）以较高的选择强度进行决选。从参试的63个杉木自由授粉子代家系中选出生长、材性、形质性状兼优的优良家系7个、优良个体12株。     

大麦籽粒醇溶蛋白组分的基因型和环境变异及其与β-淀粉酶活性的关系

选用7个二棱大麦品种,种植在生态条件差异很大的3个地区,测定和分析了以上大麦籽粒的蛋白质含量、醇溶蛋白组分含量及β-淀粉酶活性,分析了这些性状的基因型和环境变异之间的相关性。结果表明:这些性状在试点间、品种间差异显著,且试点和品种的互作效应显著;B醇溶蛋白和C醇溶蛋白的基因型效应要比环境效应影响大,而蛋白质含量、D醇溶蛋白和β-淀粉酶活性的环境效应要比基因型效应的影响大。相关分析表明:籽粒蛋白质含量与B醇溶蛋白含量、C醇溶蛋白含量与β-淀粉酶活性呈显著正相关;B醇溶蛋白含量和C醇溶蛋白含量均与β-淀粉酶活性呈显著正相关。     

激素对小麦愈伤组织诱导和植株再生的影响

比较了2，4-D和Picloram对小麦愈伤组织诱导和植株再生的影响．实验结果表明，培养基中加入2，4-D的诱导效果优于Picloram，2，4-D加入量为6mg／L时，诱导的愈伤组织的分化效果最好．对不同小麦品种幼穗愈伤组织诱导和植株再生的比较结果表明，鄂恩1号、鄂麦11、鄂麦12和山农1355等有较高的植株再生率。其中前3个材料植株再生率达90％以上；从幼穗、幼胚和成熟胚的比较结果来看，幼穗的愈伤组织诱导率和植株再生频率高于幼胚的和成熟胚．     

GMOs： The new hotspot in ecological research

Gene flow is an important ecological and genetic process, and the fitness conferred by the insertion of a foreiga gene could be important in ecology after it becomes introgressed into the wild genetic background of organisms,which is the determinative factor for the fate of GMOs or foreign genes in natural ecosystem and for the competition with native species. Trophic interrelation fulfilled by food chains is the most important correlation between species in ecosystem and could be affected by the modified genotypes after the introduction of GMOs. The technology enabling the precise manipulation of genotype is a great opportunity for the stndy of ecological genetics in an unknown way prior to the biotechnology era. Especially interesting is the impact of genes on ecosystem function when GMOs are released into environment. A variety of ecological terminology has been frequently used in assessment of ecological risks related to the release of GMOs in environment, e.g. gene flow, fitness,interspecific competition and food chain. The value of GMOs in ecological research is illustrated through several examples in biasafety assessment related to those terms here. It is proposed that ecolegists should pay attention to the study of gene function in ecosystem and take the opportunity to enrich ecological theory with the release of GMOs.     

禾本科植物愈伤组织的形成分化和体细胞胚胎发生

对禾本科植物培养中器官分化和体细胞胚胎发生研究的现状做了介绍,并对其培养物的细胞形态等特殊性征和基因型在其中所起的作用进行了分析。