冠醚的络合作用与环境科学

文章探讨了冠醚的络合作用在环境科学方面的应用及展望，并提出了一些新设想。     

用络合-超滤联合法回收过渡金属离子

本文论述了络合-超滤联合法工艺过程及其原理,根据聚络合物在溶液中生成的不分级与分级的两种情况,推导了膜对金属离子的选择性计算公式,分析了络合-超滤联合法分离效果的各种影响因素。本文所得的结论,对于从海水及工业污水中回收过渡金属离子的络合-超滤联合法的实际应用,具有一定的参考价值。     

Progress in understanding the neuronal SNARE function and its regulation

Vesicle budding and fusion underlies many essential biochemical deliveries in eukaryotic cells, and its core fusion machinery is thought to be built on one protein family named soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE). Recent technical advances based on site-directed fluorescence labelling and nano-scale detection down to the single-molecule level rapidly unveiled the protein and the lipid intermediates along the fusion pathway as well as the molecular actions of fusion effectors. Here we summarize these new exciting findings in context with a new mechanistic model that reconciles two existing fusion models: the proteinaceous pore model and the hemifusion model. Further, we attempt to locate the points of action for the fusion effectors along the fusion pathway and to delineate the energetic interplay between the SNARE complexes and the fusion effectors. Received 01 July 2008; received after revision 29 August 2008; accepted 23 September 2008     

Cytoskeleton–membrane interactions in membrane raft structure

Cell membranes are structurally heterogeneous, composed of discrete domains with unique physical and biological properties. Membrane domains can form through a number of mechanisms involving lipid–lipid and protein–lipid interactions. One type of membrane domain is the cholesterol-dependent membrane raft. How rafts form remains a current topic in membrane biology. We review here evidence of structuring of rafts by the cortical actin cytoskeleton. This includes evidence that the actin cytoskeleton associates with rafts, and that many of the structural and functional properties of rafts require an intact actin cytoskeleton. We discuss the mechanisms of the actin-dependent raft organization, and the properties of the actin cytoskeleton in regulating raft-associated signaling events. We end with a discussion of membrane rafts and the actin cytoskeleton in T cell activation, which function synergistically to initiate the adaptive immune response.     

基于MBR的医院污水处理模糊控制系统

医院污水处理的运行是一种复杂的生产过程,所采用的膜生物反应器具有效率高、节能、出水水质稳定等优点。针对污水处理中的COD浓度（化学耗氧量）为控制对象,对于它的非线性、不确定性、滞后性以及难于建立数学模型的特点,而引入了模糊控制理论,并采用西门子S7-300的编程实现,可方便、快捷的完成医院污水的处理。     

膜袋混凝土在填海路堤的应用

填海路堤由于长期受到海水的浸泡、海浪的冲刷、台风等恶劣的自然因素的影响,路基于高潮水位以下部分如果不加以防护,则会出现边坡崩塌、路基下沉、路面大面积开裂等质量问题。因此,填海路堤的边坡防护工作至关重要。本文根据工程实例系统的阐述了膜袋混凝土的施工工艺,论证了膜袋混凝土在填海路堤施工的可靠性和经济实用性,具有广泛推广的价值。     

The role of transmembrane domains in membrane fusion

Biological membrane fusion is driven by different types of molecular fusion machines. Most of these proteins are membrane-anchored by single transmembrane domains. SNARE proteins are essential for intracellular membrane fusion along the secretory and endocytic pathway, while various viral fusogens mediate infection of eukaryotic cells by enveloped viruses. Although both types of fusion proteins are evolutionarily quite distant from each other, they do share a number of structural and functional features. Their transmembrane domains are now known to be critical for the fusion reaction. We discuss at which stages they might contribute to bilayer mixing. Received 5 October 2006; received after revision 14 November 2006; accepted 8 January 2007     

觏丽建筑——空间膜结构

本文结合膜结构的建筑形式，对膜结构的材质、特点和选用进行了详细的比较分析，总结了膜结构的优点，提出了空间膜结构从帐篷到永久建筑应用的有利条件，展现了空间膜结构广阔的应用前景，成为我国现代建筑的靓丽景观。     

新型传质膜分离技术的进展

膜分离是一门新兴的高效分离技术，近年来已受到广泛的重视，本文简述了七个膜分离过程的机理，特点，应用情况以及存在的问题，重点对新型膜分离过程作了详细的阐述。     

PVB超滤膜污染特性及其在MBR中的应用

采用连续制膜技术制备了平片式聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)超滤膜。该膜室温下平均纯水通量为0.02 L/(m2.h.Pa),对牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的平均截留率为25.0%(BSA水溶液质量浓度0.5 g/L)。通过终端过滤实验,以活性污泥混合液为处理对象,分析了PVB超滤膜过滤过程中的膜污染特性。结果表明:沉积层阻力占总过滤阻力的70%以上,是PVB膜过滤活性污泥混合液过程中污染阻力的主要组成部分;将制备的PVB超滤膜应用于好氧膜生物反应器(MBR)处理生活污水中,PVB-MBR系统在膜通量12 L/(m2.h)条件下运行105 d,期间未对膜进行任何人为清洗,系统抽吸压力能够在-16~-22 kPa间维持稳定,且系统出水的主要水质指标完全符合国家城镇污水处理厂污染物排放一级A的标准。