基于Pt电极和Nafion电解质的CO传感器研究

为有效地对大气环境中的CO气体进行监控, 设计和制作了一种可在室温下工作的新型结构Nafion基CO气体传感器。该传感器由活性炭过滤帽、 Pt敏感电极、 Nafion膜、 对电极、 分隔层和储水罐等部分组成。储水罐的设计提供了Nafion膜正常工作时所需要的湿度环境。采用化学沉积法在Nafion膜上制备Pt敏感电极的工艺条件。研究结果表明, 当反应物H2PtCl6溶液浓度为5 mmol/L、还原剂NaBH4溶液浓度为30 mmol/L, NaBH4溶液的pH值为13时, 制作的Pt电极具有最好的气敏特性。对体积分数为400×10^-6的CO测试时,响应电流为107 nA, 响应时间为40 s, 恢复时间为50 s。当CO体积分数在50～400×10^-6时, 传感器的响应电流值与CO气体浓度具有很好的线性关系。     

MPA包覆的银纳米粒子修饰电极制备和电化学表征

运用自组装和电化学组装法,将MPA包裹的银纳米粒子修饰到金电极表面,制备成银纳米粒子单层和多层膜修饰电极. 循环电压-电流和电化学阻抗谱测定结果表明:以MPA包覆的银纳米粒子修饰电极的氧化电位明显负移,显示出银纳米粒子具有更高的活性. 以0.5mmol/L的K3[Fe(CN)6]溶液为检测体系,电化学阻抗谱测试得出电极表面对探针分子的阻碍作用有所增加. 循环电压-电流结果表明:与单层膜修饰电极相比,多层膜修饰电极的峰电流显著增加.     

镍取代Dawson型多酸多层膜电极的修饰及循环伏安测试

利用电化学生长法在玻碳电极上制备了含取代Dawson型磷钨杂多酸K8P2W17O61(NiOH2)多层膜修饰电极,通过循环伏安法控制制备和检测多层膜的沉积过程,并对其电化学过程进行系统研究实验表明,在酸性缓冲溶液中,多层膜的循环伏安图中出现3对单电子氧化-还原峰,峰电流和扫描速率的平方根成正比,表明电极过程的控制步骤是扩散过程. 该多层膜修饰电极可催化BrO-3和NO-2的电化学还原过程.     

New secondary batteries and their key materials based on the concept of multi-electron reaction

Facing the significant applications in energy field, this paper introduces how to construct new high specific energy secondary batteries based on the concept multi-electron reaction and by designing multi-electron electrode materials. Recent progress on those new secondary batteries and their key materials based on the theory of multi-electron reaction are overviewed. Representative multi-electronic electrode materials, such as metal borides, metal fluorides, sulfur composite electrode materials and ferrates are briefly introduced, as well as the new secondary battery systems constructed with these materials. Thus gives the significance of the development based on multi- electron reaction mechanism of secondary batteries and their key materials for new chemical battery systems and related energy materials.     

W~(40+)离子双电子复合速率系数的理论研究

利用基于全相对论组态相互作用理论的FAC程序包,详细研究了类硒W40+离子从基组态3s23p63d104s24p4俘获一个电子形成双激发态(3s23p63d104s24p4)-1 nln′l′(n=4~6,n′=4~100)的双电子复合(DR)过程.通过对不同壳层电子激发的DR速率系数的比较,得到了主要的电子激发DR通道,并且发现由4p电子激发的DR速率系数对总DR速率系数有重要贡献.在1~5×104 eV温度范围内,计算得到了n′=4~16的DR速率系数,并外推到n′=100,进而得到总DR速率系数.给出了Δn=0,1,2三类芯激发对总DR速率系数的贡献,发现对总DR速率系数的主要贡献来自于Δn=0,1的芯激发.对总DR速率系数和辐射复合(RR)以及三体复合(TBR)速率系数进行了比较,发现DR速率系数在研究的温度范围内远大于TBR和RR速率系数.为了方便应用,对总DR速率系数进行了参数拟合.     

An effective amperometric biosensor based on graphene modified gold nanowire arrays for glucose detection

A novel glucose biosensor based on graphene nanosheets （GNs） modified gold nanowire arrays （AuN- WAs） electrode was constructed. Highly ordered gold nanowire arrays were prepared by direct electrodeposition in anodic aluminum oxide templates. GNs were synthe- sized through a public route involving graphite oxidation, exfoliation, and chemical reduction. Field emission scan- ning electron microscope and high-resolution transmission electron microscope were employed to characterize the as- prepared AuNWAs and GNs. Glucose oxidase was immobilized on the surface of GNs-AuNWAs modified electrode via a cross-linking method. The cyclic voltam- metry results showed that the GNs-AuNWAs-based glu- cose biosensors have high catalysis activity to hydrogen peroxide （H2O2） than those modified with GNs or AuN- WAs only. Furthermore, amperometric response was employed to detect glucose concentration owing to its simplicity, high selectivity, and relative low cost. Glucose biosensors based on GNs-AuNWAs showed excellent performance with high sen- sitivity of 40.25 μA cm^-2 （mmol/L）^-1, low detection limit of 0.02 mmol/L, and a linear range from 0.02 to 3 mmol/L.     

刊中刊

正Nature了解从封闭构形向活跃和钝化构形转变的结构基础,对于解读离子移变谷氨酸盐受体(NMDA受体、AMPA受体、δ受体和kainate受体)作为中枢神经系统中激发性突触传输之介质的功能来说至关重要。在受体的细胞外表面上发生的配体结合将阳离子选     

媒体纵览

正人民网天文学家发现"地球表兄妹"国际天文组织4月18日说,一个最新被发现的星球看起来正适合我们所知的生命存在条件。不太大又不太小,不太冷又不太热。这颗名叫开普勒-186f的行星围绕一个恒星运行,距离地球500光年,跟地球差不多大。它围绕恒星运行的距离,正好可以使行星表面有液态水,这是生命     

离子液体[BMIm]Cl的合成与表征

为挖掘离子液体与环境友好"洁净"溶剂方面的潜力,以N-甲基咪唑为原料,合成了[BMIm]Cl离子液体,并利用红外光谱仪和核磁共振谱仪对其化学结构进行表征,而且使用了Materials Studio 5.5计算工作站对其进行了分子建模,并使用Dmol3模块对其结构进行了量子化学计算和优化,离子液体的结构得到了验证。     

基于TAC方法分析离子液体萃取催化乙酸甲酯和丁醇转酯反应

基于年总成本（TAC）分析方法，对离子液体萃取催化乙酸甲酯和丁醇转酯反应的工艺流程进行了模拟。以年总成本最低为目标，探索了经济最优时的精馏塔压力、精馏塔塔板数和进料位置。结果表明，当反应精馏塔的压力为80.8kPa、塔板数为37、丁醇和乙酸甲酯分别从第10块和第35块塔板进料时，年总成本最低。采用新设计工艺可节约成本24.4%，而甲醇和乙酸丁酯的产品纯度仍然保持在97.4%和99.6%以上，为实际反应工艺的节能优化提供了有价值的理论依据。