蛋白激酶C阳性细胞在大鼠大脑皮质和海马结构的分布

目的：观察蛋白激酶C(PKC)阳性细胞在大鼠大脑皮质和海马结构的形态和分布，为更好地研究PKC在中枢神经系统的生理作用提供形态学的基础。方法：用免疫组织化学方法检测了大脑皮质和海马结构PKC阳性细胞的分布。结果：PKC阳性细胞脑体较小，多呈卵圆形，少数呈三角形，多数突起较短。PKC阳性细胞主要分布在大脑的额叶、顶叶、颞叶和枕叶的Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ层，在杏仁海马移行区和杏仁梨状皮质移行区也有分布。海马结构中主要分布在下托和齿状回的颗粒层、海马CAI区的锥体层和辐射层。结论：在大脑皮质和海马结构有PKC阳性细胞的广泛分布。     

NSE和ERα在老年人和AD病人大脑海马神经元中共表达

服用雌激素可以防止或延缓绝经后妇女患Alzhei mer病.神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)为神经元特异性标记物.运用荧光免疫技术,观察了NSE和雌激素受体α(ERα)在老年人和AD病人大脑海马神经元中共存的分布.结果显示,在对照组和AD组NSE免疫阳性神经元均主要分布海马DG区的门区和CA4区.一些AD病人海马CA1、CA2和/或CA3没有观察到NSE免疫阳性反应.NSE免疫着色主要位于胞质和突起,部分区域也弥散于胞间质.ERα免疫反应广泛分布在老年人和AD病人海马神经元,且主要位于胞质,少量位于胞核.NSE和ERα免疫双标记主要分布在对照组海马门区和CA4区,而在AD组较少;且多着色于胞质.在老年组,多数NSE阳性神经元与ERα共着色,但仅有部分ERα阳性神经元NSE也着色.结果提示,雌激素可能通过其受体介导对神经元起保护作用的靶细胞仅为NSE和ERα双着色的那部分神经细胞.     

A new dopaminergic terminal plexus in the ventral horn of the rat spinal cord. Immunohistochemical studies at the light and electron microscopic levels

Summary It has been thought that the ventral motor column in the rat spinal cord is virtually free of dopaminergic fibers. However, a new dopaminergic terminal plexus was visualized at all spinal levels in the ventral horn using electron as well as light microscopic immunohistochemistry.     

Effect of stress on choline acetyltransferase activity of the brain and the adrenal of the rat

Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity was determined in cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, hippocampus, cerebellum, medulla oblongata, midbrain and adrenal gland of rats exposed to acute or chronic stress. The exposure of animals to acute immobilization and cold stress (4°C) for one hour resulted in a significant decline of ChAT activity in all brain regions examined except for the medulla oblongata. Moreover, the exposure to acute stress resulted in significant increase of the same enzyme in the adrenal gland. However, chronic exposure of animals to cold stress (4°C) for 7 days resulted in no significant changes of ChAT activity in all tissues examined except for a decline in the midbrain and an increase in the medulla oblongata. The administration of corticosterone (2.0 mg/kg) 1 h prior to sacrificing caused an effect similar to that of acute stress on ChAT activity in all brain regions except for the hypothalamus and the cerebellum. It was concluded from this experiment that stress-induced changes in the ChAT activity of specific brain regions might be mediated by the adrenal steroids.This work was supported by a grant from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NSG 2183 and NAG 2-411), a grant from the National Institutes of Health (NIH RR 0811) and a grant from the Division of Research Resources (NIH grant RR 03020).     

Reduction of high affinity glutamate uptake in rat hippocampus by two polyamine-like toxins isolated from the venom of the predatory waspphilanthus triangulum F

Summary Two components of the venom of the predatory waspPhilanthus triangulum F. significantly reduce — to a greater or less extent — the high affinity uptake of glutamate in rat hippocampus. A concentration of 10 M -PTX caused a reduction of 74%, while the other component, -PTX, at the same concentration, caused a reduction of 18%. Hence the effect of -PTX on high affinity glutamate uptake in the hippocampus is comparable with its effect on high affinity glutamate uptake in insect neuromuscular junctions. Contrary to our previous findings that -PTX has no effect on high affinity glutamate uptake in insect glutamatergic terminal axons, however, -PTX significantly reduces high affinity glutamate uptake in the hippocampus, albeit less effectively than -PTX.     

Effect of acute administration of Δ1-tetrahydrocannabinol on β-endorphin levels in plasma and brain tissue of the rat

Summary Acute treatment with ¹-tetrahydrocannabinol (¹-THC) elevated the concentration of -endorphin-like immunoreactivity (-ELIR) in plasma and in the hypothalamus, but not in the hippocampus of rats habituated to the injection procedure. These effects were not obtained with the psychotropically inert analog of (¹-THC), cannabidiol. In animals that had not been habituated to the injection procedure, placebo treatment induced a decrease in hippocampal -ELIR.The authors acknowledge the skillful technical assistance of Mrs Willeke Logtenberg.     

大白鼠海马神经元NOS与AChE活性的研究

目的:观察大白鼠海马不同亚区一氧化氮合酶(NOS)与乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)阳性神经元的活性。方法:分别采用还原型尼克酰胺嘌呤二核苷酸脱氢酶(NADPH-d)和乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)组织化学方法对大白鼠海马不同亚区NOS和AChE阳性神经元的分布以及活性进行研究。结果:海马不同亚区均含有NOS和AChE阳性神经元,其中CA2区NOS呈强阳性反应,CA3区AChE呈强阳性反应。结论:实验表明,NOS和AChE阳性神经元广泛分布于大白鼠海马不同亚区,为进一步探讨海马的学习记忆功能机制提供了形态学佐证。     

4-Aminopyridine and barium chloride attenuate the anti-epileptic effect of carbamazepine in hippocampal slices

Summary The exact mode of action of the anti-epileptic agent carbamazepine is unknown. In hippocampal slices in which epileptiform discharges were induced by addition of penicillin to the perfusion medium, the depressant effect of carbamazepine was attenuated by the potassium-channel blockers barium chloride (0.1 mM) and 4-aminopyridine (200 M), which suggested that potassium fluxes might be involved in the mechanism of action of carbamazepine.     

MCP-1和CCR2在SE初期小鼠脑海马中的表达变化

为了探讨趋化因子MCP-1及其受体CCR2是否参与了SE初期的病理过程,应用SE的匹罗卡品模型,检测SE 30min、SE 1h、SE 2h和SE 1d时,MCP-1及其受体CCR2的mRNA在小鼠海马的表达情况.结果显示,MCP-1及其受体CCR2在小鼠海马组成型表达.与对照组相比,SE 1h时,MCP-1在海马CA1区显著下调(P 0.01);SE 1d时,CCR2在CA3区显著下调(P 0.05).结果说明,MCP-1及其受体CCR2在成年小鼠海马的活动中具有重要的生理功能;MCP-1/CCR2的下调与SE初期病理过程相关,可能由于下调导致了它们的神经保护作用减弱.     

短期模拟微重力对SD乳鼠海马组织细胞的效应

 为了探究模拟微重力对新生乳鼠海马脑区的影响,将新生1 d SD(Sprague Dawley)鼠的海马脑区分别做组织块培养和原代细胞培养,将培养物随机分为模拟微重力组1 d组和地面对照组。回转1 d后,用苏木精-伊红染色法(HE染色)、显微镜观察等方式检测组织块表面及内部形态变化,并用流式细胞术检测原代细胞的凋亡情况。通过明场和相差显微镜观察到与对照组相比,组织块经过1 d的模拟微重力刺激后,其厚度发生变化,组织块边缘变薄,透光度增加;HE染色结果显示,与对照组相比,模拟微重力组组织块内部细胞分布散乱。流式细胞仪检测结果显示,原代细胞在经过1 d的模拟微重力刺激后,其细胞凋亡率与对照组相比无显著差异。以上实验结果说明,经过1 d的模拟微重力后,海马组织块的表面和内部形态发生了较大变化,但凋亡率和地面对照组的相比无显著差异。