CRC－3裂化催化剂被无机钒酸盐中毒活性的考察

采用微反应活性测试（ＭＡＴ）装置，以正庚烷为原料在反应温度为５５０℃和液空速为１０ｈ－１下，考察了ＣＲＣ－３裂化催化剂活性随水蒸汽处理时间的变化规律．模拟工业流化催化裂化（ＦＣＣ）条件，制备了无机钒酸盐中毒的催化剂，进而对其活性进行考察．ＭＡＴ活性评价数据表明，用水蒸汽处理ＣＲＣ－３裂化催化剂１２ｈ以后，其活性趋于平衡；而使ＣＲＣ－３裂化催化剂中毒的无机钒酸盐中钒含量高达０．５％时，催化剂活性将发生明显的变化．     

Impoverishment of Soil Nutrients in Gully Erosion Areas in Yuanmou Basin

The impoverishment of soil nutrients of nine gully head areas in Yuanmou Basin is assessed through an integrated evaluation method established on the basis of Fuzzy mathematics and multivariate mathematical theory. Results show that soil erosion of gully erosion area in Yuanmou basin has resulted in severe impoverishment of soil nutrients. All gully head areas are at high leves of impoverishment except for one at middle. By probing into and analyzing the mechanism of impoverishment of soil nutrients, we find that soil erosion has led to impoverishment of soil nutrients in a way of compacting soil, heightening position of obstacle horizon, and reducing the content of organic matter, as well as the direct loss of nutrient elements. Finally, this paper points out that soil and water conservation arming at the prevention of soil erosion is the most effective way against impoverishment of soil nutrients in Yuanmou basin.     

二氢香芹醇的研制

用Bouvealt-Blane法将香芹酮还原成二氢香芹醇。在反应混和物中添加碱土金属的中性盐可抑制焦油的生成,提高产率。本文就碱土金属盐的种类及其用量、反应时间和反应温度对还原产率的影响进行了研究,选出了较好的反应条件,使香芹酮的转化率提高到66.3％。     

陕晋蒙交界地带披砂岩丘陵区的侵蚀及其治理

晋陕蒙交界地带的披砂岩丘陵区是黄游中游河道粗泥沙的主要来源区之一。侵蚀十分严重,已导致沟谷面积迅速扩大,土层加速变薄及土壤中有机质和养分大量流失。强烈侵蚀的原因,一是历时短强度大的暴雨;二是水分入渗能力差.导致地表径流增大的披砂岩岩性特性;三是包括滥樵、乱垦和过牧的人类活动的影响。为了有效地防治披吵岩丘陵区的严重侵蚀,首先应以生物措施为主,工程措施为辅大力做好坡地的治理;其次,生物措施与工程措施并重,认真治理沟道;第三,必须制止乱垦,采用合理的耕作系统;第四,以草定畜,制止过牧。     

蒸发盐沉积若干问题的实验研究

在实验研究的基础上,本文探讨了广泛分布于我国境内蒸发盐的沉积机理,论述了硫酸钠亚型不同组分卤水的演化、矿物形成条件及析盐序列等,指出钾盐沉积出现的可能性。实验证明钾盐沉积物的形成,不一定达到国内外某些学者认为的“干湖”阶段,从而发展了成钾理论。文中阐明了介稳平衡和稳定平衡的不同性质,在卤水组分和温度相同的条件下,析盐的种类和组合关系不同。在蒸发盐矿床形成过程中,两类平衡所起的作用不同,盐类矿物沉积阶段主要处于介稳平衡状态。     

胍基化壳聚糖季铵盐的制备及其抗菌性能

以三聚氯氰(TCT)为中间桥梁,将聚六亚甲基双胍(PHMB)接枝到N-(2-羟丙基-3-甲基氯化铵)壳聚糖(HTCC)上,制备胍基壳聚糖季铵盐(HCP).研究制备HCP的最佳反应条件,采用元素分析、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和核磁共振氢谱(¹H NMR)对产物的结构进行表征,并测试其抗菌性能.得到HCP的最佳反应条件为HTCC和TCT的摩尔比1.0∶2.5,HTCC和PHMB的质量比1.0∶1.2,缚酸剂为三乙胺,TCT一取代的反应时间8 h,二取代的反应时间14 h,反应温度40℃.结果表明：制得的HCP对大肠杆菌(E.coli)和金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus)的最低抑菌质量浓度分别为0.020,0.005 mg·mL^-1;质量浓度为1.0 mg·mL^-1的HCP对E.coli和S.aureus的抑菌率分别为89.8%和100.0%,高于相同质量浓度下HTCC对E.coli和S.aureus的抑菌率18.2%和18.7%.     

Improvement in hydrogen storage performance of Mg by mechanical grinding with molten salt etching Ti3C2Clx

Mg-based materials are currently a hot research topic as hydrogen storage materials due to their considerable theoretical hydrogen storage capacity. However, the kinetic performance of hydrogen absorption and desorption of Mg is too slow and requires high temperature, which seriously hinders the application of this material. MXene is a new type of two-dimensional material with significant role in improving thermodynamics and kinetics. In this experiment, a two-dimensional layered MXene containing Cl functional group was prepared by molten salt etching using the Ti-containing MAX phase as the raw material. Then different ratios of Ti₃C₂Cl_x were uniformly dispersed onto the surface of Mg by high energy ball milling. The samples were characterized by hydrogen absorption and desorption kinetics, SEM, XRD, XPS, and DSC to investigate the effect of Ti₃C₂Cl_x on the hydrogen absorption and desorption performance of Mg. The onset hydrogen absorption temperature can be reduced to room temperature and the hydrogen release temperature is reduced by 200 ​°C by doping Ti₃C₂Cl_x. And there is also 5.4 ​wt% hydrogen storage in the isothermal hydrogen absorption test at 400 ​°C. The results of DSC demonstrate that the E_a of Mg+15 ​wt% Ti₃C₂Cl_x was reduced by 12.6% compared to pristine Mg. The ΔH is almost invariable. The results of XPS show that the presence of multivalent Ti promotes electron transfer and thus improves the conversion between Mg²⁺/Mg and H⁻/H. This study provides a guideline for further improving the hydrogen absorption and desorption performance of Mg-based hydrogen storage materials.     

震区中小跨径桥梁墩柱配筋率取值范围

为研究配筋率对钢筋混凝土桥梁延性抗震性能的影响,并在不同设防烈度对主筋配筋率的合理取值进行细分。以钢筋混凝土桥梁为研究对象,通过拟静力模型试验与有限元数值分析的方法,研究竖向钢筋(主筋)配筋率对桥墩延性的影响,提出典型桥墩的多级性能水平量化指标;并探究在氯离子侵蚀的恶劣环境下,不同配筋率对桥梁抗震性能所带来的影响,从而对氯离子侵蚀环境下的震区中小跨径桥梁墩柱配筋率取值范围提供参考建议。结果表明：考虑氯离子侵蚀作用下的恢复力模型能够较好地反映刚度的退化特性,墩柱的最佳配筋率取值范围为1.11%～2.72%;当加速度为0.3g(g为重力加速度)时,仅从配筋率的角度已无法满足墩柱的损伤指标,建议采用减隔震体系进行抗震设计,如采用延性体系时配筋率不得小于2.64%。研究结果可为中小跨径连续桥梁抗震设计提供参考。     

海口分层流中的泥沙输运计算

本文展示了一个计算泥沙输运过程的三维数值模型,此模型的特点在于较准确地计入凝絮及河床侵蚀对于泥沙沉淀过程的影响,关于凝絮及侵蚀的定量计算模型已为大量实验所验证,且是首次被结合运用于三维输运计算。文中对于海湾区域的泥沙输运进行了数值研究,第一闪通过定量计算评实了所谓最大浑浊区的存在,并研究了影响其形成及强度的几个因素,这些计算结果不仅评实了数值模型的有效性,而且显示了其在泥沙输运研究方面的作用与潜力     

Critical slope gradient for compulsory abandonment of farmland on the hilly Loess Plateau

Scientific evidence for the upper limit of farmland is proposed. Shallow gully erosion is one of erosion types distributed extensively on sloping farmland in the hilly regions of the Loess Plateau. Field observation and aerial photos interpretation, as well as laboratory experiments show that the shallow gully erosion occurring on the steeper farmland in the hilly regions of the Loess Plateau is an important factor leading to intensive erosion on slope, because of its extensive distribution and intensive runoff collection. The data on the formation, development and distribution of shallow gullies on sloping farmland indicate that critical slope gradient for shallow gully initiation ranges from 15 to 20 degrees with an average of 18.2 degrees. Therefore, it is suggested that critical slope gradient for compulsory abandonment of farmland on the hilly Loess Plateau should be kept within the critical slope gradient for shallow gully initiation to prevent shallow gully formation in order to control soil loss more effectively. But as the first step, the cultivation on the slopes with slope larger than 25 degrees where the maximum erosion occurs should be strictly forbidden.