球磨环境对机械合金化合成纳米TiC的影响

以Ti粉和活性炭粉作为原始粉末在行星式球磨机(QM ISP2)上进行高能球磨,分别在低真空、高真空、Ar、空气+H2和H2等不同球磨环境下机械合金化合成TiC。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)等技术对合成产物进行物相和形貌分析,并用热力学和Maurice Courtney模型等理论对其合成机理进行了探讨。结果表明,在5种不同球磨环境下用Ti粉和活性炭粉都能合成TiC,其中在H2环境下的合成速度最快。H2对TiC的机械合金化合成具有加速作用,其机理是H2不仅能促使Ti与活性炭粉末细化,使断裂的新鲜表面保持清洁,而且能使Ti的活性增强。     

GDL-1型高强韧贝氏体钢的不可逆回火脆性

本文研究了GDL-1型高强韧性贝氏体钢,在空冷状态下的回火冲击性能变化以及对应的显微组织和断口金相特征.结果表明,该钢经920 ℃加热空冷后获得条束状过渡形态的贝氏体加少量岛状贝氏体组织.在400 ℃～600 ℃的温度回火,分布于BF条束间的亚稳态残留奥氏体开始大量分解形成沿条束界连续分布的碳化物,在BF条内的高密度位错区也诱导析出碳化物,导致在条束界产生高应力集中而引发准解理和解理开裂,出现不可逆回火脆性,冲击能量显著降低.由于钢中的Si和Mn在原奥氏体晶界偏聚,抑制碳化物析出.在原奥氏体晶界未能沉淀出连续分布的碳化物,因此未见沿晶解理开裂特征,对应的断口金相呈条形准解理和解理的特征,其尺寸分别与BF条和束尺寸相吻合.该材料的不可逆回火脆性出现的温度范围与大多数合金结构钢相比提高约200 ℃.     

水冷却大电流短网设计

以碳化硅冶炼电阻炉供电短网为例,论述了水冷却低压大电流短网设计中短网的结构形式、排列方法、导体材料及其型式规格的选择。并着重对影响短网安全和经济性最大的传热性能和感抗进行计算。实践表明设计计算与实测结果十分接近.     

工艺因素对SiCp／Mg复合材料中颗粒分布的影响

对机械搅拌法制备ＳｉＣ颗粒增强镁基复合材料的工艺过程进行了探索，着重研究了搅拌温度、搅拌头位置，搅拌速率以及搅拌时间等工艺因素对复合材料中ＳｉＣ颗粒分散性的影响。形成了一种制备微细ＳｉＣ颗粒增强Ｍｇ－３Ａｌ基复合材料的工艺方法，并获得相应工艺参数。     

硫辅助填充高压Fe5C2/Fe7C3单晶相的碳纳米管研究

硫可以用作生长促进剂制备具有不同形态的碳纳米结构, 例如: Y型和海胆状结构, 单壁碳纳米管(SWCNTs), 双壁碳纳米管薄膜等. 此外, 研究表明低浓度的硫和低气体流量可实现碳纳米管中高压Fe7C3和Fe5C2相晶体的填充. 然而, 碳纳米管中高压相的填充条件以及连续垂直取向的碳纳米管薄膜的合成和形貌控制的条件尚需进一步研究. 本文采用化学气相沉积(CVD),使用硫和二茂铁的混合物作为生长促进剂和碳源, 在氩(Ar)气环境中将Si/SiO2基底作为局部生长区域, 实现了在碳纳米管内填充碳化铁相, 并通过对所得碳结构进行详细表征, 揭示填充的碳化物相(Fe5C2和Fe7C3)之间可能存在结合, 这些结果在磁数据存储方面将有潜在应用.     

碳包覆Ti3AlC2增强银基复合材料的制备与性能

Ti₃AlC₂-reinforced Ag-based composites, which are used as sliding current collectors, electrical contacts, and electrode materials, exhibit remarkable performances. However, the interfacial reactions between Ag and Ti₃AlC₂ significantly degrade the electrical and thermal properties of these composites. To diminish these interfacial reactions, we fabricated carbon-coated Ti₃AlC₂ particles (C@Ti₃AlC₂) as reinforcement and prepared Ag–10wt%C@Ti₃AlC₂ composites with carbon-layer thicknesses ranging from 50–200 nm. Compared with the uncoated Ag–Ti₃AlC₂ composite, Ag–C@Ti₃AlC₂ was found to have a better distribution of Ti₃AlC₂ particles. With increases in the carbon-layer thickness, the Vickers hardness value and relative density of Ag–C@Ti₃AlC₂ gradually decreases. With a carbon-layer thickness of 150 nm, we obtained the lowest resistivity of Ag–C@Ti₃AlC₂ of 29.4 135.5×10?9 Ω·m, which is half that of Ag–Ti₃AlC₂ (66.7 × 10?9 Ω·m). The thermal conductivity of Ag–C@Ti₃AlC₂ reached a maximum value of 135.5 W·m?1·K?1 with a 200-nm carbon coating (~1.8 times that of Ag–Ti₃AlC₂). These results indicate that the carbon-coating method is a feasible strategy for improving the performance of Ag–C@Ti₃AlC₂ composites.     

Role of surfactants on particle deposition,wear, and corrosion behavior of TaC particle incorporated electroless nickel-phosphorus coating

The coatings prepared by incorporating submicron-sized TaC particles while depositing Ni and P atoms on the steel substrate via electroless method showed mixed results of surface finishing, microstructural properties, mechanical, tribological, and corrosion behavior with the addition of various surfactants during the coating process. The surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) enhanced the microhardness when added during the coating process of Ni–P–TaC composite, whereas the cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) lowered the microhardness as compared to the surfactant-free coating. Moreover, the TaC particle incorporation was hindered by the surfactants CTAB and Triton X-100. An excellent wear resistance behavior has been observed in the surfactant-free Ni–P–TaC coating in comparison to particle-free Ni–P coating. The Ni–P–TaC coatings showed the dependency of wear behavior on the material properties of the counter sliding surface although this dependency has not been observed in Ni–P coatings. The wear damage in Ni–P coating is immense irrespective of the properties of counter-sliding materials. Various surfactant-used Ni–P–TaC coating surfaces deteriorated much more due to corrosion than surfactant-free Ni–P–TaC coating. Among the various surfactants, the CTAB used Ni–P–TaC coating showed weak corrosion resistance.     

高硼多组分铸铁的组织及相元素分布

这种新提出的新型铸铁的化学成分为在0.7C–5W–5Mo–5V–10Cr–2.5Ti (wt%)中分别添加1.6wt% B和2.7wt% B。这项工作的目的是研究硼的含量对合金的结构状态和阶段元素分布对耐磨结构成分的形成影响。结果表明,当B含量为1.6wt%时,合金由三种共晶组成:(a) “M₂(C,B)₅+铁素体”具有“汉字”形貌 (89.8vol%), (b) “M₇(CB)₃+奥氏体”具有“莲座”形貌,(c) “M₃C+奥氏体”具有“莱氏体”形貌 (2.7vol%)。当硼含量为2.7wt%时,基体硬度由HRC 31提高到HRC 38.5。组织中出现了平均显微硬度为HV 2797的初生碳化物M₂(C,B)₅,体积分数为17.6vol%。共晶体(a)和(b,c)的体积分数分别降低到71.2vol%和3.9vol%。基体为“铁素体/奥氏体” (1.6wt% B) 和“铁素体/珠光体”(2.7wt% B),两种铸铁均含有致密析出碳化物(Ti,M)C和碳硼化物(Ti,M)(C,В),体积分数为7.3%–7.5%。基于能量色散X射线能谱,给出了元素相的分布和相应的相公式。     

电致发热SiC多孔陶瓷导电性能研究

研究了Al，B和Zr元素对电致发热多孔碳化硅陶瓷导电性的影响。室温电阻率测定表明，加入Al，B和Zr都可显著降低电致发热多孔碳化硅陶瓷的电阻率，随着Al，B和Zr加入量的增加，试样的室温电阻率下降。讨论了Al，B和Zr在碳化硅中的存在形式，并分析了试样的导电机理。     

原料种类对C－B_4C－SiC复合材料性能的影响

就原料种类对Ｃ－Ｂ４Ｃ－ＳｉＣ碳／陶复合材料性能的影响进行了研究，当使用β－ＳｉＣ代替α－ＳｉＣ作原料时，复合材料的性能明显提高，特别是断裂韧性，提高幅度达２０％；鳞片石墨代替石油焦作碳原料时，复合材料表面密度和电阻率明显地降低，抗弯强度因鳞片石墨的各向异性及添加剂的不同，数据也各不相同。