硫辅助填充高压Fe_5C_2/Fe_7C_3单晶相的少壁碳纳米管研究（英文）

硫可以用作生长促进剂制备具有不同形态的碳纳米结构,例如:Y型和海胆状结构,单壁碳纳米管(SWCNTs),双壁碳纳米管薄膜等.此外,研究表明低浓度的硫和低气体流量可实现碳纳米管中高压Fe_7C_3和Fe_5C_2相晶体的填充.然而,碳纳米管中高压相的填充条件以及连续垂直取向的碳纳米管薄膜的合成和形貌控制的条件尚需进一步研究.本文采用化学气相沉积(CVD),使用硫和二茂铁的混合物作为生长促进剂和碳源,在氩(Ar)气环境中将Si/SiO_2基底作为局部生长区域,实现了在碳纳米管内填充碳化铁相,并通过对所得碳结构进行详细表征,揭示填充的碳化物相(Fe_5C_2和Fe_7C_3)之间可能存在结合,这些结果在磁数据存储方面将有潜在应用.     

Fe_2O_3分子与单壁碳纳米管之间相互作用的研究

文章采用密度泛函理论(DFT),研究了一个、两个Fe2O3分子在单壁碳纳米管(9,0),(10,0)和(14,0)内部的稳定结构和电子性质,获得了随着单壁碳纳米管直径的增加,结合能逐渐增大,而带隙却减小.且由于Fe2O3分子填充单壁碳纳米管内后两者之间发生了相互作用,使得电荷从单壁碳纳米管转移到了Fe2O3分子;与放入一个Fe2O3分子的单壁碳纳米管相比,放入两个Fe2O3分子时,分子和碳纳米管结合能更大,结构更稳定.     

人造金刚石金属包覆膜内γ-(FeNi)(111)与Fe3C(004)晶面上原子匹配关系与电子密度分析

用透射电子显微镜(TEM)检测了高温高压下铁基触媒合成金刚石外的金属薄膜,发现存在大量的合金相γ-(FeNi)与高碳相Fe3C,但未发现石墨与金刚石结构.γ-(FeNi)(111)晶面与Fe3C(004)晶面上的原子有对应匹配关系.应用余氏理论(EET)计算了γ-(FeNi)/Fe3C界面的共价电子分布,发现一级近似下两晶面的平均共价电子密度(简称电子密度)连续,符合程氏理论(TFDC)提出的"相邻晶面电子密度连续"的原子边界条件.分析认为,γ-(FeNi)与FeaC分别是金属薄膜中形成金刚石的催化相和过渡相.     

Fe3O4/γ-Fe2O3填充多壁碳纳米管的合成及磁性能

本文采用了一种新颖的方法制备了氧化铁填充的碳纳米管复合材料。室温下将碳纳米管浸泡在硝酸铁饱和溶液和浓硝酸/浓硫酸的混合溶液中20天后,混酸与碳纳米管两端的五边形和七边形的碳原子反应,使碳纳米管开口;接着金属盐溶液通过毛细作用进入碳纳米管中,在N2保护下煅烧得到氧化铁填充的碳纳米管复合结构。XRD测试结果表明复合材料中含有碳纳米管,Fe3O4和γ-Fe2O3;TEM观察表明氧化铁填充于碳纳米管中,填充长度超过100nm。XPS结果表明填充前后,碳纳米管的结构没有改变。磁滞回线的结果表明填充后复合材料的磁性能明显提高。     

反应等离子熔覆(Cr,Fe)7C3/γ-Fe金属陶瓷复合材料涂层的耐磨性

以Fe-Cr-C合金粉末为原料,采用反应等离子熔覆技术,在45#钢表面制得以原位生成初生相(Cr,Fe)7C3为增强相的新型陶瓷复合材料涂层.利用SEM,XRD,EDS和显微硬度计等分析了涂层的显微组织和硬度,分别在室温干滑动磨损及高温滑动磨损条件下测试了涂层的耐磨性,并讨论了其磨损机理.结果表明,涂层组织包括(Cr,Fe)7C3增强相和γ-Fe固溶体与少量(Cr,Fe)7C3构成的共晶,该涂层在室温干滑动磨损和高温滑动磨损条件下均具有优异的耐磨性.     

人造金刚石金属包覆膜内γ(FeNi)(111)与Fe3C(004)晶面上原子匹配关系与电子密度分析

用透射电子显微镜(TEM)检测了高温高压下铁基触媒合成金刚石外的金属薄膜，发现存在大量的合金相γ(FeNi)与高碳相Fe3C，但未发现石墨与金刚石结构．γ(FeNi)(111)晶面与Fe3C (004)晶面上的原子有对应匹配关系．应用余氏理论(EET)计算了γ(FeNi)/Fe3C界面的共价电子分布，发现一级近似下两晶面的平均共价电子密度(简称电子密度)连续，符合程氏理论(TFDC)提出的“相邻晶面电子密度连续”的原子边界条件．分析认为，γ(FeNi)与Fe3C分别是金属薄膜中形成金刚石的催化相和过渡相．     

Fe2 P对LiFePO4/C复合材料性能的影响

采用固相法合成LiFePO4和LiFePO4/C复合材料,研究了蔗糖分解的碳包覆对LiFePO4材料性能的影响.XRD检测纯LiFePO4为单一的橄榄石相,而LiFePO4/C复合材料中出现高导电物质Fe2P相;SEM显示样品的粒径均在1μm以下,包覆碳样品的晶粒更小,但出现团聚现象.此方法合成的纯LiFePO4初始容量高达136.6 mAh/g.Fe2P的存在使LiFePO4材料的大电流放电能力得到提高.     

水基Fe3O4磁流体的制备和磁光特性

以FeSO4·7H2O(AR),Fe(NO3)3·9H2O(AR),NH3·H2O(AR)为原料,用水热法制备纳米Fe3O4粒子;通过选用合适的分散剂来克服磁性颗粒的沉降,采用超声波分散的方法,制备在重力场和磁场中稳定性好的磁流体.研究了影响水基Fe3O4磁流体性能的主要因素,得到最佳条件:Fe(NO3)3·9H2O和FeSO4·7H2O的量比为1.75,水热反应温度为160℃,反应时间为5h,1.5gFe3O4分散于100mL水中所需分散剂的用量为0.75mL.所制备的产物经XRD和粒度仪检测,结果表明:产物为单一相的Fe3O4,水基Fe3O4磁流体体系的粒径在100nm以下.     

还原反应法制备的Fe3O4薄膜的结构和磁性

本文采用还原反应法[1],在Ar H2气体氛围中,射频磁控溅射制备Fe3O4薄膜.薄膜沉积在室温的[100]热氧化硅基体上,对薄膜样品进行X射线衍射(XRD)和电阻率(ρ)测量,结果显示在H2:Ar=γ=2%,或3%时薄膜的成分完全是Fe3O4,并且具有沿[111]方向取向生长的特性.对薄膜(γ=3%)进一步研究,发现该薄膜的表面成分为Fe3O4;在120K附近发生Verwey转变,其导电机制以电子的变程跳跃(VRH)为主;饱和磁化强度为440emu/cm3;在5特斯拉的外场中有4.6%的室温磁电阻.     

Fe/C微电解-Fenton法预处理提高垃圾渗滤液可生化性的研究

研究采用Fe/C微电解-Fenton法对老龄城市生活垃圾渗滤液进行预处理,提高其可生化性.通过调整初始pH,Fe-C投加量,铁碳质量比,H_2O_2投加量及反应时间考察其对垃圾渗滤液处理的效果,同时对Fe/C微电解,Fenton以及Fe/C微电解-Fenton的处理效果进行对比研究.实验结果表明,Fe/C微电解-Fenton法预处理表现出最好的处理性能,其最佳处理条件为:初始pH 3,Fe-C投加量52g/L,Fe/C 3,H_2O_2投加量12mL/L,接触反应1h后,COD去除率达到75%.此外,渗滤液的BOD5/COD也从0.075提高到0.250.     

Advanced technology for functionalization of carbon nanotubes

Functionalization of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has attracted considerable interest in the fields of physics, chemistry, material science and biology. The functionalized CNTs exhibit improved properties enabling facile fabrication of novel nanomaterials and nanodevices. Most of the functionalization approaches developed at present could be categorized into the covalent attachment of functional groups and the non-covalent adsorption of various functional molecules onto the surface of CNTs. This review highlights recent development and our work in functionalization of carbon nanotubes, leading to bio-compatible CNTs, fluorescent CNTs and transition metal functionalized CNTs. These novel methods possess advantages such as simplified technical procedures and reduced cost of novel nanomaterials and nanodevices fabrication.     

Synthesis of WC powder through microwave heating of WO3-C mixture

A simple, easy, and low-cost process for the fabrication of tungsten carbide (WC) powder through microwave heating of WO₃-C mixtures was developed. Thermodynamic calculations and experimental investigations were carried out for WO₃-C and W-C systems, and a formation mechanism was proposed. In the results, for the synthesis of WC, the use of over stoichiometric amount of C together with a specially assembled experimental setup (which effectively retains heat in the system) is necessary. The WC powder is successfully obtained by heating WO₃:5C mixture for 900s in a domestic microwave oven.     

硫钝化对Fe、Co/GaAs(100)界面形成和磁性质的影响

利用同步辐射和铁磁共振研究了经硫代乙酰胺硫钝化处理的ＧａＡｓ（１００）表面生长的Ｆｅ，Ｃｏ超薄膜与衬底的界面形成及磁性。实验结果表明，硫钝化能阻止Ａｓ向Ｆｅ，Ｃｏ超薄膜扩散，减弱Ａｓ和Ｆｅ，Ｃｏ的相互作用并增强在ＧａＡｓ（１００）表面生长的铁磁金属薄膜的磁性。     

碳纳米管增强硬质合金的制备及性能研究

为改善硬质合金中增强体碳纳米管（carbon nanotubes,CNTs）的团聚问题,采用化学镀Ni方法对CNTs进行表面改性,利用气压烧结工艺制备了WC-10Co-CNTs硬质合金和WC-10Co-CNTs/Ni硬质合金。对镀Ni前后CNTs的表面形貌、结构及成分进行了分析表征,并研究了CNTs和CNTs/Ni对硬质合金组织及性能的影响。结果表明,CNTs经化学镀改性处理后,表面包覆了致密的纳米Ni颗粒,团聚现象明显改善;在WC-10Co中添加CNTs或CNTs/Ni后可以有效地细化硬质合金的晶粒,降低孔隙率;和未添加的比较,添加质量分数0.1%的CNTs的硬质合金和添加质量分数0.1%的CNTs/Ni的硬质合金抗弯强度分别提高了17.5%和28.2%,热扩散系数分别提高了23.5%和42.8%。     

微电解法预处理木质素废水的实验研究

以人造板厂生产废水为实验对象,探讨利用微电解法处理木质素废水。结果表明在适当的条件下,微电解是一种有效的处理该类废水的方法,COD去除率可达89.2%。微电解处理时废水的pH对处理效果的影响最大,其次还有铁炭比和反应时间等。最佳反应条件为:进水pH值在3左右,最终出水pH值调为8～9,温度为室温,铁炭比为1:1(100ml废水用铁量为5g),反应的最适时间为40分钟。     

采用超声组装与滚压工艺制备铝–碳纳米管复合材料

This study introduced a novel fabrication of aluminum–carbon nanotube (CNT) composites by employing bulk acoustic waves and accumulative roll bonding (ARB). In this method, CNT particles were aligned using ultrasonic standing wave in an aqueous media, and the arrayed particles were precipitated on the aluminum plate substrate. Then, the plates rolled on each other through the ARB process with four passes. Optical and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated the effective aligning of CNTs on the aluminum substrate with a negligible deviation of arrayed CNTs through the ARB process. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the developed composites showed no peaks for carbon and aluminum carbide. In addition, tensile tests showed that the longitudinal strength of the specimens processed with aligned CNTs was significantly greater than that of the specimens with common randomly dispersed particles. The proposed technique is beneficial for the fabrication of Al–CNT composites with directional mechanical strength.     

Carbon Nanotubes:from Nanoscale Building Blocks to Macrostructures

1 Results Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have fascinating properties.In order to use these novel one-dimensional structures for applications such as in nano-electronic,nano-mechanical and electrochemical energy storage device and as structural elements in various composites,the structure of nanotubes needs to be tailored and various architectures and macroscale assembles have to be configured using nanotube building blocks.Nanotube macrostructures are macroscopically organized groups of CNTs,which are expecte...     

Synthesis of Ta C and Ta_2C from tantalum and graphite in the laser-heated diamond anvil cell

The pressure dependence of the onset of the formation of Ta C and Ta2 C from the elements has been investigated by in situ X-ray diffraction and pyrometry.Ta C has been synthesized by the reaction of Ta and graphite at pressures between 8.6 and 14.3 GPa and at temperatures up to 2,300 K using a laser-heated diamond anvil cell. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction. Ta and graphite begin to react around 1,100 K at ambient pressure conditions, and the reaction temperature increases with increasing pressure. A linear extrapolation of these data is consistent with recent observations of the formation of Ta C at 90 GPa and 3,600 K. We show that diffusion of carbon into tantalum significantly changes the lattice parameter of up to 2 % in the pressure range of up to19 GPa. In some experiments, Ta2 C was formed concomitantly. The experimentally determined bulk modulus of Ta2 C is B0;exp：= 286（5） GPa. Other tantalum carbide phases were not observed.     

溅射气压对Ni80Fe20薄膜微结构和各向异性磁电阻的影响

为改善Ni80Fe20薄膜的性能,研究不同溅射气压对薄膜微结构和各向异性磁电阻的影响。用磁控溅射方法制备Ni80Fe20薄膜,用X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜分析其结构,用四探针方法测量其各向异性磁电阻。实验研究发现,较高的溅射气压下制备的Ni80Fe20薄膜各向异性磁电阻比较低,薄膜磁化到饱和需要的磁场也比较大。在较低的溅射气压(0.2、0.5 Pa)下制备的Ni80Fe20薄膜具有较高的各向异性磁电阻3.7%和4.2%,而且饱和磁化场低(低于1kA/m)。分析结果表明随着溅射气压的变化,Ni80Fe20薄膜的晶格常数、颗粒大小和均匀性等微结构发生变化,导致薄膜的各向异性磁电阻效应差别很大。     

Formation of Fe56Mn5Cr7Mo12Er2C12B6 amorphous steel

The Fe48Cr15Mo14Er2C15B6 amorphous steel can hardly be used as an engineering material because of its extreme brittleness and very low iron content. By changing the composition of the nonmagnetic amorphous steel, and using the relation between the reduced glass transition temperature Trg and the glass forming ability, a new amorphous Fe56Mn5Cr7Mo12Er2C12B6 alloy with good glass forming ability and high iron content was obtained. The diameter of the as-cast sample rod reached 8 mm. This new amorphous steel has lower manufacturing cost due to its high iron content,and thus it can have wider applications.