三种垫料的生物学安全性评价

目的观察杨木、玉米芯、松木三种垫料物质对大、小鼠体质量、血生化、脏器及脏器系数的影响。方法昆明小鼠60只,雌雄各半,随机分为3组,每组20只,分别使用杨木、玉米芯、松木垫料。Wistar大鼠60只,雌雄各半,随机分为三组,每组20只。分别使用杨木、玉米芯、松木垫料。动物饲养4周后取血测定血生化指标ALT、TP、ALP、LDH、T-SOD、ADH,处死测定脏器重量计算脏器系数。结果 1）体质量结果：与杨木组比较,松木组雄性小鼠的体质量有显著性的降低,P〈0.001。与玉米芯组比较,松木组雄性大鼠自第三周开始体质量降低,P〈0.05。2）血生化结果：小鼠：与杨木组比较,玉米芯组雄性谷丙转氨酶有极显著性升高,P〈0.001;松木组雌性乳酸脱氢酶有显著性降低,P〈0.01;松木组和玉米芯组雌性小鼠活力乙醇脱氢酶有显著性降低,P〈0.001,P〈0.05。大鼠：松木组雄性乙醇脱氢酶与杨木组比较有显著性升高,P〈0.01。3）脏器重量结果：小鼠：与杨木组比较,松木组雄性肝有极显著性降低,P〈0.01,脑有显著性降低,P〈0.05,肾有显著性升高,P〈0.05;玉米芯组雄性动物肾有显著性升高,P〈0.05,肾上腺有显著性降低,P〈0.05,睾丸有显著性升高,P〈0.05。大鼠：玉米芯组肝脏与杨木组和松木组比较有显著性升高P〈0.001,P〈0.05;松木组肾脏和脑与杨木组比较有极显著性升高,P〈0.01,P〈0.01;松木组前列腺与玉米芯组比较有显著性升高,P〈0.05,与杨木组比较有极显著性升高,P〈0.01。4）脏器系数结果：小鼠：与杨木组比较,松木组雄性肝脏、脑系数有显著性降低,P〈0.01,P〈0.05,松木组和玉米芯组雌性肾脏、雄性睾丸系数有显著性升高,P〈0.01。大鼠：玉米芯组雄性肝脏与杨木组比较有极显著性增大,P〈0.001。结论杨木垫料是较好的小鼠实验动物垫料,玉米芯垫料可作为备选产品,松木垫料应慎用。     

复配益生菌添加剂对青脚麻鸡性能指标的影响

文章选用高产纤维素酶的蜡样芽孢杆菌BC1(Bacillus cereus1)、高产蛋白酶的蜡样芽孢杆菌BC2(Bacillus cereus 2)、枯草芽孢杆菌BS3(Bacillus subtilis)、地衣芽孢杆菌BL4(Bacillus licheniformis)、啤酒酵母SC5(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)以及黄山毛峰超细茶粉制备复配益生菌饲料添加剂A、B、C、D,并研究不同组别的复合复配益生菌添加剂对青脚麻鸡胴体性能、器官指数及肠道菌群的影响。结果表明,添加复配益生菌添加剂的青脚麻鸡的生长性能、器官指数和肠道菌群都较对照组有所提高,B菌剂综合作用最好,其平均日增重提高了6.05%,料重比降低了7.18%,胸肌滴水损失率降低了16%,肠道乳酸菌总菌数提高了5倍。添加含有茶粉的益生菌菌剂组与未添加茶粉组别相比,其肠道有益菌数量有极大提高,说明茶粉可以促进有益菌在肠道的定植,有利于维持麻鸡肠道菌群平衡。     

血管内皮生长因子研究进展

血管内皮生长因子是一种有效的血管形成和血管通透性诱导因子,特异性地作用于血管内皮细胞,具有维持血管正常状态和完整性、增加血管通透性、促进血管生成的作用。在正常成人和动物组织中表达水平较低,一些代谢旺盛、血供丰富的组织中VEGF表达水平略高,一些病理情况下可以过度表达。     

9～10周龄CB6F1与B6CF1小鼠血生化、主要脏器重量及脏器系数测定

摘要：目的 测定CB6F1与B6CF1小鼠血生化、主要脏器重量和脏器系数,并进行比较分析。方法 随机选取9～10周龄SPF级CB6F1与B6CF1小鼠各40只,雌雄各半。分别称重,麻醉后摘眼球采血后,颈椎脱臼处死,运用全自动生化分析仪测定血生化指标,并采集脏器测定脏器重量,计算脏器系数。 结果 14项血生化指标比较,CB6F1小鼠雌雄之间有11项指标（11/14）、B6CF1小鼠雌雄之间有9项指标（9/14）、CB6F1与B6CF1小鼠雌性之间有10项指标（10/14）,雄性之间11项（11/14）指标均存在显著性差异（P﹤0.05）。CB6F1与B6CF1小鼠主要脏器重量与脏器系数比较,同品系雌雄之间,同性别2个品系之间,均有部分指标存在显著性差异（P﹤0.05）。结论 以BALB/c和C57BL/6为不同父母本杂交产生的F1代小鼠CB6F1和B6CF1,其血生化指标、脏器重量和脏器系数有所不同。     

内蒙古荒漠草原三种野生葱属植物解剖结构的抗旱性分析

对内蒙古荒漠草原三种野生葱属植物蒙古韭、碱韭和细叶韭的根和叶进行了形态结构观察,结果表明:1、根均为四原型或五原型,皮层厚,皮层/半径比例均为90%左右.2、叶均由表皮、光合组织、储水组织和维管束组成.表皮细胞外向壁加厚,气孔器下陷;栅栏组织为环栅型,海绵组织不发达,储水组织较发达.3、三种植物根和叶的解剖结构存在一定差异,如皮层厚度在蒙古韭与细叶韭差异显著;而蒙古韭与碱韭差异不显著.皮层/半径比例在蒙古韭与细叶韭差异显著,而碱韭与蒙古韭和细叶韭差异均不显著.储水组织所占比例为蒙古韭>碱韭>细叶韭,差异均显著;表明蒙古韭根和叶的储水能力最强,碱韭次之,细叶韭最弱.角质层厚度为细叶韭>碱韭、蒙古韭,细叶韭与蒙古韭和碱韭差异均显著;说明细叶韭叶抵抗大气干旱能力较强.4、三种植物根皮层和叶光合组织中具有分泌细胞或较发达的分泌组织.综合以上结果,以上三种野生葱属植物营养器官的形态结构均有旱生特征,而抗旱能力存在一定的差异.     

三花龙胆地上、地下器官成分积累规律研究

研究三花龙胆地上器官、地下器官中龙胆苦苷的积累相关规律．采用甲醇超声波提取和高效液相色谱法分析．7月份以前根、茎、叶中龙胆苦苷的含量逐渐上升;7到8月份,根中龙胆苦苷的含量逐渐降低,茎、叶中龙胆苦苷的含量逐渐升高;8到9月份,叶、花中龙胆苦苷的含量逐渐降低,根茎中龙胆苦苷的含量逐渐升高．以上变化可能与生长期及花期有关：生长期有效成分的含量逐渐于高,花期时有效成分向上输送,花期后有效成分向下输送．     

The diverse Grania fauna (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) of the Esperance area,Western Australia,with descriptions of two new species

Seven species of the marine enchytraeid genus Grania Southern, 1913 are described from sediments sampled during the 2003 International Workshop on the Marine Flora and Fauna of Esperance Bay and the Recherche Archipelago, on the southern coast of Western Australia. Two species are new to science, the euryhaline Tasmanian G. dolichura Rota and Erséus, 2000 Rota, E. and Erséus, C. 2000. Two new and peculiar species of Grania (Annelida: Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) inhabiting Tasmanian estuaries.. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 27: 245–254. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar] represents a new record for the state, and the remaining four species were known from other parts of Western Australia. Grania quaerens sp. n. is recognized by having a high chaetal index ( = short chaetal foot), small coelomocytes, penial apparati with long whip‐like terminal stylets, conspicuous spermathecae with ectally bulbous ducts, and ectally granulated ampullae housing sperm rings in their ental region. Grania sperantia sp. n. is readily distinguishable by the complete lack of lateral chaetae, a multiple‐banded pattern of the clitellum, extremely long sperm funnels, and the intrasegmental location of the spermathecal pores. The latter new species and four others in the collection (G. bykane Coates, 1990 Coates, K. A. 1990. “Marine Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta, Annelida) of the Albany area, Western Australia.”. In The marine flora and fauna of Albany, Western Australia, 1, Edited by: Wells, F. E, Walker, D. I, Kirkman, H and Lethbridge, R. 13–41. Perth: Western Australian Museum.  [Google Scholar], G. crassiducta Coates, 1990 Coates, K. A. 1990. “Marine Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta, Annelida) of the Albany area, Western Australia.”. In The marine flora and fauna of Albany, Western Australia, 1, Edited by: Wells, F. E, Walker, D. I, Kirkman, H and Lethbridge, R. 13–41. Perth: Western Australian Museum.  [Google Scholar], G. dolichura, and G. ersei Coates, 1990 Coates, K. A. 1990. “Marine Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta, Annelida) of the Albany area, Western Australia.”. In The marine flora and fauna of Albany, Western Australia, 1, Edited by: Wells, F. E, Walker, D. I, Kirkman, H and Lethbridge, R. 13–41. Perth: Western Australian Museum.  [Google Scholar]) are remarkable in possessing the head organ, a sensory structure unique to Grania that was not noted previously in Western Australian species. When considering the whole genus, the geographic pattern of the head organ appears southern‐centred: of the 17 species of Grania reported to possess it, as many as 13 inhabit the southern latitudes. The seventh species of the Esperance collection, G. vacivasa Coates and Stacey, 1993 Coates, K. A. and Stacey, D. 1993. “The marine Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta, Annelida) of Rottnest Island, Western Australia.”. In The marine flora and fauna of Rottnest Island, Western Australia, Edited by: Wells, F. E, Walker, D. I, Kirkman, H and Lethbridge, R. 391–414. Perth: Western Australian Museum.  [Google Scholar], is notable for the kind of items found in its gut and the unusual appearance of its pygidium.     

Marked differentiation in a new species of dwarf stonebasher,Pollimyrus cuandoensis sp. nov. (Mormyridae: Teleostei), from a contact zone with two sibling species of the Okavango and Zambezi rivers

We studied the systematic status of a form of Pollimyrus of the lower Kwando River that is flanked by the Okavango River, inhabited by Pollimyrus castelnaui (Boulenger, 1911), and the Zambezi River, inhabited by Pollimyrus marianne Kramer et al., 2003. In morphology and electric organ discharges (EODs), the Kwando phenotype proved well differentiated from both P. castelnaui and P. marianne. Sequence analysis of the cyt b gene confirmed that the three forms or species form a monophyletic clade, with P. castelnaui sister to the other two species. Genomic fingerprinting with ISSR-PCR confirmed differentiation of the Kwando form, that we recognize as a different species, P. cuandoensis sp. nov., from its sister species, P. marianne. A considerable amount of EOD and morphological variation was revealed among samples of P. cuandoensis sp. nov. from four different locations on the lower Kwando River, possibly due to hybrid introgression. This seems an ideal system for testing theories of parapatric speciation. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FB644B21-04F6-44F8-AEB6-8DC09268C17C     

莜麦结实器官分化的研究

本文以青海省优质莜麦品种L94为材料,研究了高寒地区夏莜麦结实器官的分化与外部形态的相关性以及裁培措施对莜麦产量因素的影响。在此基础上,确定了夺取莜麦丰产的“最佳”播种、施肥和灌水时间。     

大熊猫雄性生殖器官元素EDS分析

应用扫描电镜及ｘ－射线能谱仪，对大熊猫雄性生殖器官的曲细精管４个区域、附睾头、附睾体、附睾尾、输精管及输精管壶腹各一个区域的１５种元素进行了测定，其中，常量元素６种，微量元素９种。依据典型图谱对各采谱区域内的元素含量变化作了定量计算。以Ｚｎ为基准对几种与生殖机能密切相关的元素作了对比分析。其中配种能力好精子数量多，精液质量优良，使雌兽受孕产仔率高的“强强”，其微量元素Ｚｎ、Ｍｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｃｕ、ｃａ、Ｋ的相对含量较高，特别是Ｚｎ的含量显著增高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。