Regulation of the arachidonic acid-stimulated respiratory burst in neutrophils by intracellular and extracellular calcium

The respiratory burst is an important physiological function of the neutrophils in killing the bacteria invading in human body. We used chemiluminescence method to measure the exogenous arachidonic acid-stimulated respiratory burst, and measured the cytosolic free calcium concentration in neutrophils by the fluorescence method. It was found that, on one hand, the arachidonic acid-stimulated respiratory burst was enhanced by elevating the cytosolic free calcium concentration in neutrophils with a potent endomembrane Ca2+-ATPase inhibitor, Thapsgargin; on the other hand, chelating the intracellular or extracellular calcium by EGTA or BAPTA inhibited the respiratory burst. Results showed that calcium plays an important regulatory role in the signaling pathway involved in the exogenous arachidonic acid-stimulated respiratory burst of neutrophils.     

不同浓度ET-1引起心肌细胞[Ca2+]i 升高作用的量效关系

目的：探讨内皮素－１（ＥＴ－１）对心肌细胞内游离钙浓度（［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ）的作用以及不同浓度ＥＴ－１引起［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ升高作用的量效关系。方法：采用分离的Ｓｐｒａｇｕｅ－Ｄａｗｌｅｙ大鼠心室肌细胞,以Ｆｕｒａ－２／ＡＭ荧光指示剂负载,检测不同浓度ＥＴ－１引起［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ变化。结果：ＥＴ－１引起［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ升高呈双相反应,即起始的短暂快速相和随后的持续相。在１×１０－９～５×１０７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ范围内,随着ＥＴ－１浓度的增加,其升高［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ的作用亦增强;并且这种作用可被ＥＴＡ的特异性受体阻断剂ＢＱ１２３（２×１０６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）所阻断。结论：ＥＴ－１升高［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ呈剂量依赖关系,其作用具有特异性,并且是通过ＥＴＡ受体介导的。     

Effects of simulated microgravity on the alkaline phosphatase activity and intracellular calcium concentration of cultured chondrocytes

The effects of simulated microgravity on matrix mineralization of chondrocytes were examined using cultured chicken embryonic chondrocytes as the model. In four days, there was a time course decrease in alkaline phosphatase activity of chondrocytes, a marker of matrix mineralization. Meanwhile, in two days, there was a significant drop in intracellular calcium concentration in contrast to the control. These results indicate that simulated microgravity can suppress matrix calcification of cultured chondrocytes, and intracellular calcium may be involved in the regulation of matrix calcification as the second messenger. Yang Shuzhang made the same contribution to this work as the first author     

双酚类化合物对人胚肾细胞HEK293的毒性和氧化应激的研究

双酚类化合物(bisphenols, BPs)是一类新型环境有机污染物,BPs排放到环境介质后经多种途径进入生物体并在体内蓄积,已逐渐成为威胁环境和健康的重要风险因子。为探明BPs对人体健康的潜在毒性效应,本研究选取人胚肾细胞HEK293作为模型,通过测定细胞活力、胞内活性氧含量、氧化应激参数(SOD、GSH、MDA)及细胞内钙离子水平,比较了BPA、BPS、BPF和BPAF对HEK293细胞的毒性影响。结果表明,BPA、BPS、BPF和BPAF能够不同程度的抑制HEK293细胞活力,通过促进氧化应激产生 ROS,降低抗氧化能力,迅速提高细胞内Ca²⁺水平,诱导HEK293细胞损伤。在本研究所选的浓度范围内,BPAF对HEK293细胞的毒性影响最大,BPA和BPF对HEK293细胞的毒性影响次之,BPS对HEK293细胞的毒性影响较小。本研究为深化了解双酚类化合物的毒理学系统研究和风险评估提供参考依据。     

结直肠癌类器官的应用进展与挑战

 结直肠癌（CRC）是全球发病率最高的消化道肿瘤之一，严重威胁人类的健康。近年来，类器官技术取得了令人欣喜的进展，已成为结直肠癌发生机制和临床转化研究的重要新工具。回顾了结直肠癌生态位信号通路的变化，总结了类器官技术在结直肠癌建模、肿瘤微环境研究、药物筛选、个体化治疗等方面的应用进展，讨论了当前类器官面临的挑战，并从类器官培养技术标准化和工程技术应用等角度展望了类器官的未来发展方向。     

2022年肿瘤免疫研究热点回眸

肿瘤免疫治疗已成为继手术、放疗、化疗之后的第四类肿瘤治疗方法，为当今国际研究的热点领域。在肿瘤免疫治疗新时代，以免疫检查点抑制剂、基因工程化修饰免疫细胞为代表的免疫疗法被认为具有广阔前景。概述了2022年肿瘤免疫治疗领域研究的热点及关键进展，包括嵌合抗原受体T细胞（CAR-T）在实体瘤治疗中的突破、维持记忆性T细胞生存和功能新机制的发现、改善肿瘤免疫抑制微环境提高免疫治疗疗效的深入探究以及瘤内微生物对抗肿瘤免疫反应的重要影响作用。