平翅片板翅换热器在混合热边界条件下的传热特性

采用数值模拟的方法研究了板翅式换热器平翅片在混合热边界条件下的传热特性,得到了雷诺数Re=400和Re=1 000的层流流动中,混合热边界条件下的翅片流道的局部努塞尔数和平均努塞尔数沿无量纲轴向距离的分布,并与相同雷诺数下等壁温和等热流边界条件结果进行对比.结果表明:混合热边界条件的平均努塞尔数比等壁温计算条件下平均努塞尔数高出3%~4%,比等热流计算条件下平均努塞尔数低26%~27%.因此在此类换热器传热性能设计时应采用等壁温条件的关联式.     

On-line spheroidization process of medium-carbon low-alloyed cold heading steel

Conventionally manufactured 35CrMo cold heading steel must undergo spheroidization annealing before the cold heading process. In this paper, different types of deformation processes with various controlled cooling periods were operated to achieve on-line spheroidal cementite using the Gleeble-3500 simulation technique. According to the measured dynamic ferrite transformation temperature (A_d3), the deformation could be divided into two types: low temperature deformation at 810 and 780℃; “deformation-induced ferrite transformation” (DIFT) deformation at 750 and 720℃. Compared with the low temperature deformation, the DIFT deformation followed by accelerated cooling to 680℃ is beneficial for the formation of spheroidal cementite. Samples subjected to both the low-temperature deformation and DIFT deformation can obtain granular bainite by accelerated cooling to 640℃; the latter may contribute to the formation of a fine dispersion of secondary constituents. Granular bainite can transform into globular pearlite rapidly during subcritical annealing, and the more the disperse phase, the more homogeneously distributed globular cementite can be obtained.     

Preparation of high-strength Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Fe alloy via heat treatment and rolling

An Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Fe alloy was solid-solution treated at 560°C for 3 h and then cooled by water quenching or furnace cooling. The alloy samples which underwent cooling by these two methods were rolled at different temperatures. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the rolled alloys were investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and tensile testing. For the water-quenched alloys, the peak tensile strength and elongation occurred at a rolling temperature of 180°C. For the furnace-cooled alloys, the tensile strength decreased initially, until the rolling temperature of 420°C, and then increased; the elongation increased consistently with increasing rolling temperature. The effects of grain boundary hardening and dislocation hardening on the mechanical properties of these rolled alloys decreased with increases in rolling temperature. The mechanical properties of the 180°C rolling water-quenched alloy were also improved by the presence of β″ phase. Above 420°C, the effect of solid-solution hardening on the mechanical properties of the rolled alloys increased with increases in rolling temperature.     

河北省承德地区大地热流

地温监测孔长期地温监测资料显示,承德市地区恒温带深度是20m,恒温带温度是9.9℃。结合承德上板城镇CD-01地热地质勘探孔测温资料,本文利用恒温带温度、井底温度数据,通过回归分析方法,获取了钻孔真实地温分布信息。采集CD-01钻孔90块岩心样品,测试了岩石热物性参数。CD-01钻孔大地热流计算结果是46.4 mW/m2,高于早期承德地区大地热流研究成果（44.8 mW/m2和30.1 mW/m2）,但都低于我国大陆地区平均热流值（60.4±12.3 mW/m2）和全球大陆地区平均热流值（65.0±1.6 mW/m2）,为低热流值,反映了承德地区的低热流背景。     

低温等离子体改善义齿基托表面润湿性的研究

使用直流电激发4种工作气体(Ar, Ar/O₂, Ar/O₂/N₂和He/O₂)来产生等离子体, 分别处理热凝树脂样本1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10分钟, 每组9个样本。使用接触角测量仪测量处理前后各样本的接触角; 利用发射光谱(OES)对等离子体的活性成分进行分析; 采用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析其表面的元素价键改变。经过Ar, Ar/O₂, Ar/O₂/N₂和He/O₂等离子体处理后, 热凝树脂表面的润湿性均显著增加, 处理 1 分钟时, 样本表面的接触角与原始值相比, 显著减小(p<0.001), 随着时间的延长, 减小趋势变缓。OES结果显示等离子体的活性成分中包含有大量的?OH; XPS分析表明: 经过等离子体处理后, 热凝树脂表面的C元素与O元素的比例减小, 有新的亲水性基团C?OH产生。大气压低温等离子体处理热凝树脂表面后, 产生新的亲水性基团C?OH, 从而增加表面亲水性。研究结果提示低温等离子体可能为临床上处理义齿基托树脂提供新方法。     

超导金属小粒子的电子比热研究

利用随机矩阵理论中能级统计的方法,考虑能级分布和能级关联的影响,给出适合于金属小粒子的自恰方程,并详细数值计算了无外场作用时超导金属小粒子s=0及s=1/2两个自旋态能隙参量和临界转变温度随金属小粒子粒径的变化规律,以及在不同粒径时的电子比热.并在自旋s=0时理论结果得到了实验上观察到的超导增强效应.     

无管板列管式换热器的结构及传热研究

针对列管式换热器壳程传热膜系数较低、高流速时易产生流体诱发振动、管板与换热管之间存在间隙腐蚀的实际情况,提出了一种无管板列管式换热器结构.该结构提高了壳程的传热膜系数,解决了间隙腐蚀的问题,减小了壳程流体的流动阻力和流体诱发振动,为列管式换热器的结构改造提供了好的形式.     

关于二次域Qp(√d)上热核的一些估计

应用Riesz变换与偏微商理论,得出了二次域Qp(√d)上热核的一些估计.它们是研究Qp(√d)上Gauss积分的基础.     

微机控制溶解热的测定研究

文章探讨一种实现KNO3溶解热测定实验的自动测控系统．分析了用水量、药品干燥程度等对实验结果的影响．并将联机测试实验数据和传统手工操作实验数据进行对比分析,该系统测试操作简便,易于掌握,数据处理迅速,测量精度高,重复性好,实验结果准确．实现了“溶解热测定”实验的自动控制．     

船用柴油机空冷器变流量冷却系统原理

对船舶柴油机空冷器热负荷计算的基础上,分析了柴油机负荷和环境温度对空冷器热负荷的影响,提出空冷器变流量冷却的方案;并进一步讨论了变流量冷却系统的实现．其结果表明：目前大多数低速柴油机冷却水系统的设计违背了变流易冷却的宗旨,采用合适的节流装置以及合适配置的水泵可实现变流量冷却．所获结论有助于轮机管理人员对不同工况下冷却系统的进一步认识和理解．