中国东部大陆地区岩石圈热结构特征

根据最新汇编的热流数据,对我国东部大陆地区岩石圈热结构进行了研究,编制出我国东部大陆地区大地热流图、中国东部大陆莫霍面温度图以及中国东部大陆"热”岩石圈厚度图.在此基础上,对我国东部岩石圈划分出5个\\"热-构造区”:华南、扬子、华北、西伯利亚和松辽.自南向北,它们冷、热相间,并具有各自独特的岩石圈热结构特征.从整体上来讲,我国东部地区热流变化范围大,在30～140mW/m2之间,均值为(61.9±14.8)mW/m2.莫霍面温度多在500～850℃之间,"热”岩石圈厚度多在60～100km左右,岩石圈热结构总体上属于"冷壳热幔”型.中国东部大陆地区岩石圈热结构特征明显受中、新生代不同的深部地球动力学过程所控制.     

汝城干热岩地热资源研究

 汝城热水镇出露98℃天然热泉,该地区深部干热岩地热资源相当可观。通过大量钻孔地温测量和大地热流测试等勘探工作,评估了该地区干热岩地热资源的基本情况。勘探结果表明,研究区内平均地温增温梯度为18.7℃/100 m,最高值达35.2℃/100 m,主要高温钻孔的大地热流量介于60~170 MW/m²,地热资源较为可观。该地热田的热源来自深部岩浆余热,热储主要是F₁、F₃断裂带上盘及其他次级断层派生的密集裂隙系统。区内热水河以东花岗岩体为浅部水热热储盖层;热水河以西震旦系的板岩为深部热源盖层。模拟结果表明,研究区地热田热储层下底面温度为260℃,热储层上顶面温度为255℃,热储层以上厚度为3500~4000 m。汝城地区热储埋藏深度较浅,热储温度较高,是较好的干热岩开发靶区。     

四川盆地北部热史波动模型的建立和应用

基于四川盆地北部沉积波动的特点,结合该区的实际地质特征,在该区初步建立了热史波动模型,并应用该模型结合镜质体反射率古温标对四川盆地的大地热流史演化进行恢复,同时利用磷灰石裂变径迹数据对模拟结果进行检验.模拟实验结果表明:志留纪至二叠纪大地热流值波动上升,波动幅度不大,热流值总体相对较低(50 mW/m2),此阶段热流值的波动主要是在海西构造运动作用下,地壳抬升或下降造成的;二叠纪至早侏罗世,是本区热流值最高阶段,最高可达56mW/m2,并且持续时间达到35 Ma,之后降低;此后大地热流值随时间波动上升.从热史波动曲线可以看出,这些波动主要是各期构造运动作用造成地层的抬升剥蚀而形成的.波动热史模型模拟的结果为该区成藏演化史研究奠定了基础.     

CO2监测分析仪在监测过程中对桥室温度的恒温控制

CO2监测分析仪在监测过程中,CO2监测值的精度是由CO2监测分析仪的桥室参比温度是否恒定而决定的.老式监测分析仪桥室温度是采用断续的双位恒温调节,其温度调节误差大,一般只能在±1℃左右,所以CO2监测值的精度低.采用微机交流调压的CO2监测分析仪桥室恒温调节,其温度调节器采用PID调节,使桥室温度误差可控制在±0.2℃,提高了CO2监测值的监测精度.     

淮北煤田宿临矿区构造——热演化对煤层气生成的控制

采用镜质组反射率古温标和古热流法恢复了淮北煤田宿临矿区晚古生代以来的热史和构造沉降史,并探讨了与煤层气生成和运移的影响．研究区构造一热演化对煤层气的控制可分为三个阶段：（1）热成因气生成阶段：两淮煤田地壳明显加厚、煤层埋深迅速增加（达3000m）,盆地基底热流持续上升并在晚侏罗纪达到峰值（50—81mW·m^-2）,煤层在强烈变形变质作用中经历了较高的古地温（140～180℃）,有利于热成因煤层气生成．（2）气藏破坏阶段：晚侏罗世晚期至白垩纪,两淮煤田进入伸展减薄阶段,地层遭受大量剥蚀,热流值迅速减小,二叠系含煤地层被抬升至近地表甚至出露,原来生成的热成因煤层气大量逸散．（3）次生生物气补充阶段：古近纪之后,构造活动逐渐减弱,盆地恢复沉降、接受沉积,古热流值减小速度变缓,并趋于稳定,煤层一度处在250℃,有利于次生生物气的大量生成．     

潘三井田煤系地层岩石热导率参数特征及大地热流研究

煤系地层岩石热导率是计算大地热流值的主要参数,也是评价地层热量传导特性的重要依据。基于潘三煤矿煤系地层所测定的77块岩石样品的热导率数据,结合区内前人的研究成果,全面分析了井田内岩石热导率参数特征并计算出大地热流值。研究结果表明:井田内煤系地层岩石热导率变化范围为0. 491～4. 583W/(m·K),平均值为2. 64W/(m·K),砂岩的热导率普遍大于泥岩和煤;热导率和深度、密度均表现为正相关关系。井田内平均大地热流值为73. 14mW/m~2,略高于安徽省大地热流平均值,呈现出较高的地热状态。     

任楼煤矿地温特征及在水源判别中的应用

对矿井38个测温孔资料进行分析,确定本区恒温带埋深16 M,恒温带温度为15．5℃, 平均地温梯度为每100 M2．80℃。在此基础上分析了地温特征,建立了地温方程,并运用该方程计算突水含水层水温,与实际出水点水温进行比较,二者一致,对突水水源判别具有指示作用。     

马尾山硫铁矿围岩温度特征及开采层地温计算

根据安徽马尾山硫铁矿矿区三个钻孔地下水的实测温度,分析了矿体围岩温度场的特征。通过温度数据拟合得到了实测地温梯度。结合地下水的运动修正地温梯度,最终计算得到了大地热流和开采层的温度。另外,根据区域地温下延公式对开采层温度进行了计算。计算结果表明,通过修正后的地温梯度计算得到的开采层的温度与应用区域地温下延公式计算得到的温度是一致的。开采层温度略高于安全标准,但不会产生热水危害。     

磷灰石裂变径迹的分析在石油勘探中的初步应用

本文根据东濮凹陷文留地区的三口探井取得的13块岩芯,系统地做了磷灰石裂变径迹的测试。确定文留地区的磷灰石径迹衰退带的上限为2,000m,下限为3,500m。其温度范围为70℃～125℃。通过换算得到该区的古地温梯度,并取得区域的平均古大地热流值。根据测试资料,编制了径迹长度频谱图、绝对年龄与深度关系图。这些基础图对区域的古地温场的解释提供了较可靠的依据。     

岩土热响应测试中地温场的ANSYS模拟

应用ANSYS软件,建立二维的单井单U型传热模型对岩土热响应测试中地温场的分布规律进行模拟,模拟区半径设为5m,模型传热遵循瞬态热分析理论。为了控制精度,使分析结果更符合实际情况,采用智能网格划分,精度控制为3。在PE管内侧施加恒定热流,温度为37.6℃,热流密度为660 W/m2,在模拟区外边界施加恒定温度13。经过72h的测试过程,得出测井周围岩土体的温度分布规律,模拟区内最高温度37.6℃,最低13℃,影响半径约为1m,地温梯度在测井附近最大,离测井越远地温梯度越小。对模拟结果的分析得出,在测试48h时地温场就达到稳定状态,这与实际的测试时间相吻合。又通过模拟和数理统计得出回填料导热系数、岩土体导热系数与影响半径之间的关系。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to