河流鱼类栖息地水力学条件表征与评述

为了对鱼类栖息地水力学环境进行准确、全面的描述,回顾了鱼类栖息地水力学问题的研究历史.根据特征量描述对象的不同,将用来描述栖息地特征的水力学变量划分为水流特征量、河道特征量、无量纲量和复杂流态特征量.在总结前人研究成果的基础上进一步对各特征量获得方法、使用范围进行评述.     

集合种群受生境破坏影响的新模型及其生态效应研究

从两物种竞争模型出发,提出了集合种群上3物种的食物网机制,构造了一个捕食者和两个猎物(似然竞争)受生境破坏影响的新模型;基于微分动力系统的数值模拟和网格模型的元胞自动机模拟,研究了生境破坏对集合种群动态的影响.结果发现:集合种群似然竞争模型系统对生境破坏非常敏感,生境破坏导致了更不稳定的动态,而且发现具有较小捕食者侵占率的猎物受生境破坏影响较大,进而表明了猎物对捕食者的敏感度与受生境破坏的影响之间存在负藕联关系;适当的生境破坏有利于劣势物种的生存;捕食者通过猎物受到生境破坏的间接影响,而且在生境破坏生态过程中捕食者是脆弱的.该研究结果为物种续存和生物多样性保护提供了理论依据.     

Relationship between plant species diversity and patch characteristics in a marsh in the Sangjiang Plain, China —Using Yaluhe farm as an example

Based on Quick Bird satellite image data, the present study examined small-scale herbaceous community patches in the marsh of the Sanjiang Plain and measured patch characteristics such as the area, perimeter and shape by GPS. The coenological characteristics of the patches were investigated using quadrat method, and the vascular plant species were recorded using transect method. A total of 219 plant species were recorded, which represents 12.2% of the vascular flora in Heilongjiang Province. Our results showed that species number S correlated with patch area and perimeter; richness index (R) correlated with patch perimeter; Simpson index (D) correlated with patch area and perimeter/area; Shannon-Wiener index (H′) correlated with patch area, perimeter and perimeter/area; Evenness index (Jsw) correlated with perimeter/area. Both S and R have significant difference between different size of patches. Plant diversity in the small-scale herbaceous communities tended to increase with the patch area and perimeter. We concluded that edge effects and the habitat heterogeneity of the patches are important in determining the number of species. The relative smoothness of the patch edges also affects the plant diversity of the patches. The richness of plant species in the marsh in the Sanjiang Plain is highly sensitive to the small-scale patches, which continues to play an important role in preserving plant diversity in the local area.     

Relationship between plant species diversity and patch characteristics in a marsh in the Sangjiang Plain,China—Using Yaluhe farm as an example

Based on Quick Bird satellite image data, the present study examined small-scale herbaceous community patches in the marsh of the Sanjiang Plain and measured patch characteristics such as the area, perimeter and shape by GPS. The coenological characteristics of the patches were investigated using quadrat method, and the vascular plant species were recorded using transect method. A total of 219 plant species were recorded, which represents 12.2% of the vascular flora in Heilongjiang Province. Our results showed that species number S correlated with patch area and perimeter; richness index (R) correlated with patch perimeter; Simpson index (D) correlated with patch area and perimeter/area; Shannon-Wiener index (H′) correlated with patch area, perimeter and perimeter/area; Evenness index (Jsw) correlated with perimeter/area. Both S and R have significant difference between different size of patches. Plant diversity in the small-scale herbaceous communities tended to increase with the patch area and perimeter. We concluded that edge effects and the habitat heterogeneity of the patches are important in determining the number of species. The relative smoothness of the patch edges also affects the plant diversity of the patches. The richness of plant species in the marsh in the Sanjiang Plain is highly sensitive to the small-scale patches, which continues to play an important role in preserving plant diversity in the local area.     

王朗自然保护区大熊猫对生境的利用

利用路线法在野外调查了四川平武王朗自然保护区全部49条沟中390个样点的大熊猫粪便及其所处生境的特征,共发现80个样点有粪便,19个样点有卧穴,103个样点有啃食竹的残桩,1个样点发现大熊猫活个体,总共有125个样点发现有大熊猫的痕迹.把各样点的生境特征,包括在山上的位置、其食竹的种类和生长状态、森林起源、植被类型、人类干扰类型和强度等作为因素,对每一因素设置2,3,或4个水平.将大熊猫的生境各样点有无大熊猫作为行(r=2),将各因素的水平设为列(c=2,3或4),从而组成一个2×c联列表.在某样点是否有大熊猫痕迹与各生境因素的水平相互独立的零假设下,χ2检验的结果表明:(1)大熊猫在海拔2600～3000m取食;(2)对缺苞箭竹有明显的偏好,且在生长良好的生境处活动频繁;(3)对天然生境的利用比对人工林的利用高得多,对原始林和次生林的利用则没有明显差异;(4)更多地利用有针叶林;(5)明显回避有森林采伐和牲畜放牧的生境,且生境利用率随人类干扰强度的增加而减少.     

四川丘陵地区鸟类现状及分析

对四川省丘陵地区的鸟类资源进行了初步调查，报道鸟类共有110种，分属13目32科，其中国家Ⅱ级保护鸟类有5种，四川省重点保护鸟类有6种，分析其生境状况，阔叶林是鸟类的最适生境。     

伊犁地区兽类区系调查

对伊犁地区兽类进行了全面考察 ,共计 6目 18科 47属 62种 .近而讨论了兽类在不同生境中的分布 ,并对其动物地理分布和区系组成进行了分析研究 .     

栖息地破碎化对鸟类群落形成的影响

2005年和2006年4～7月对左家自然保护区鸟类群落物种组成与斑块面积关系进行了研究．鸟类群落物种数随次生林斑块面积的增大而增加，营洞巢和灌丛巢鸟类受面积因素较小；营地面巢和树冠巢鸟类受面积影响较大．     

木里齿突蟾的生活环境及习性初步观察

报道了木里齿突蟾的主要生活环境、生活习性、繁殖习性以及越冬初期的情况 可供研究此蟾的个体生态学 ,齿突蟾类的比较生物学 ,以及物种多样性、野生动物、自然环境等部门参考