Novel compound specified in dune reed (Phragmites communis Trin.) and its possible role as a protectant on the chloroplasts under stress

A small solute has been obtained with column chromatography, which only exists and accumulates in the leaves of dune reed in northwest China's desert region. Its unique polyamine and aromatic features are quite different from those well-known ones accumulated under stresses. The natural quantity of the solute is strikingly proportional to the level of local high temperature, and a large section is distributed in the photosynthetic chloroplasts. Under lab conditions, we have proved that the solute plays a role in protecting or conserving chloroplasts under heat stress. So it is reasonable to suppose that the high resistance of dune reed to environmental high temperature and/or drought is at least partially due to the accumulation of this unique solute.     

Organisms using Phragmites australis are diverse and similar on three continents

ABSTRACT

Common reed (Phragmites australis) is one of the most widely distributed, most abundant, and best-studied vascular plants worldwide but there has been no broad comparison of reed-associated biota on different continents. A survey of observational data on (mostly terrestrial) organisms using P. australis reedbeds revealed diverse biotas and some strong relationships to Phragmites in North America, Europe, and sub-Saharan Africa. I present examples for a selected group of 29 habitat functions (i.e., features of the reed plant or reedbed used in particular ways by groups of organisms). These functions include animals eating certain parts of reed, birds roosting in reedbeds, and insects mining within reed leaf blades. The diversity of reed users (associated species) and the similarities in habitat functions in biogeographically distinct world regions suggest a fundamental character of reed ecological relationships related to the large size, extensive stands, high productivity, deep litter layers, and other traits of reed. The data also underline the general importance of reed for biodiversity support, although on all three continents reed is considered desirable or undesirable depending on the site character and management goals. Managers can consider reed habitat functions and user guilds to prioritise and design management approaches and predict outcomes of conservation, management, or other environmental changes affecting reedbeds and their users, whether native or introduced, over-abundant or under-abundant.     

湘西州生境对杜仲叶绿原酸质量分数的影响

对湘西自治州7县1市多个采集点的杜仲叶绿原酸质量分数进行检测,考察不同生境对杜仲叶绿原酸质量分数的影响.试验结果表明,湘西自治州不同地区杜仲叶绿原酸质量分数存在明显差异,不同地区及同一地区不同采集点绿原酸的质量分数均存在差异.杜仲生长在海拔401~500m范围,坡向南坡,土壤种类为浅灰土壤,土壤母质为石灰岩或砂页岩的条件下,杜仲叶绿原酸质量分数较高.     

丁坝间距对改善水生生物栖息地作用的数值模拟研究

用于航道整治的丁坝在发挥束水攻沙整治作用的同时,也会因丁坝影响范围内的水沙结构和河床形态改变而造成水生生物栖息地的适宜性变化。常用的水生生物栖息地模拟模型（River2D）因缺乏泥沙（推移质和悬移质）运动和河床变化模块,难以直接用来评价丁坝对栖息地的影响。为此,本文以岷江支流锦江穿过成都华阳镇河段为研究对象,采用水沙耦合的二维浅水模型,结合河道内流量增加法（IFIM）构建栖息地模拟模型。分析双丁坝在不同间距时,河道水沙运动结构、水生生物栖息地适宜性指数分布（HSI）和栖息地加权可用面积（WUA）的变化规律;同时从模拟成果中进一步得到能使WUA值有所提升的最佳丁坝间距,为航道建设河道或生态修复提供一定借鉴。     

Potential impacts of logging on intertidal infaunal communities within the Kitimat River estuary

ABSTRACT

Efficiently evaluating industrial activities plays an essential role in determining the extent to which human–ecosystem interactions may lead to species loss, disrupted community dynamics, and degraded ecosystems. Intertidal habitats offer a unique opportunity in this regard, as they are species rich ecosystems that exhibit rapid community turnover and pronounced responses to ecological disturbances. In an attempt to use these dynamic communities to identify the impact storage of harvested logs is having on the Kitimat River estuary, surveys evaluating the biotic and abiotic conditions within surrounding mudflats were conducted. The intertidal mudflats of the Kitimat River Estuary varied spatially and temporally, and with differences in the infaunal community, as well as the abiotic sediment conditions between reference mudflats, and mudflats potentially impacted by logging activities. While these differences were pronounced, we cannot at this time link these differences to the logging activities at impacted sites. We also observed evidence that suggests that the infaunal community of these intertidal mudflats have changed substantially since the 1970s, with the establishment of a community of polychaetes, as well as the appearance of the invasive clam Mya arenaria, and the invasive Cumacea Nippoleucon hinumensis. Beyond contrasting impacted and reference mudflats, the current health of these mudflats, as indicated by the infaunal community assemblage, is currently unclear. More research is required to determine if organic enrichment has occurred at these habitats, as well as to further elucidate the current health of these intertidal mudflats.     

不同生境下30种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

使用石蜡切片法,对采自不同生境下的30种藓类植物茎的横切面进行了比较解剖学研究.结果表明:(1)30种藓类植物茎的形状、细胞形状、表皮层数及厚度、皮部是否分化及细胞层数、中轴有无形状以及所占比例等特征因种类不同而差异明显;(2)不同水分环境下藓类植物茎的解剖结构表现出不同的特征:旱生环境下的藓类植物,茎表皮细胞排列紧密、细胞壁强烈增厚或增厚明显,有的具内外皮部分化并且外皮部细胞胞壁增厚;荫湿环境下的藓类植物,其茎表皮细胞多圆形或椭圆形、胞壁稍增厚,表皮及外皮部细胞层数比旱生环境下的藓类植物少;水生环境下的藓类植物,细胞胞壁薄,表皮细胞排列不紧密,茎皮部无内外皮部分化.表明藓类植物茎的表皮及外皮部细胞层数、细胞壁厚度与生境的相关性较大.     

济南市郊直翅目群落（ORTHOPTERENCOMMUNITIES）的调查研究

作者依据环境湿度条件将济南市郊区分为干旱、中生偏干、中生偏湿及湿润四类生境，并对各类生境中直翅目群落进行系统的调查研究．结果表明：济南市郊不同类型生境中直翅目群落明显有利，干旱和中生偏干生境较湿润及中生偏湿生境的群落组成更为丰富。疣蝗Ｔｒｉｌｏｐｈｉｄｉａａｎｎｕｌａｔａ、黄胫小车蝗Ｏｅｄａｌｅｕｓｉｎｆｅｒｎａｌｉｓ、短星翅蝗Ｃａｌｌｉｐｔａｍｉｔｓａｂｂｒｅｖｉａｔｕｓ和蒙古束颈蝗Ｓｐｈｉｎｇｏｎｏｔｕｓｍｏｎｇｏｌｉｃｕｓ局限栖息于干旱生境，为该生境群落的特征种；中华稻蝗Ｏｘｙａ．ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ、长翅稻蝗Ｏｖｅｌｏｘ小稻蝗Ｏｈｙｌａｉｎｔｒｉｃａｔａ、长翅素木蝗Ｓｈｉｒａｋｉａｃｒｉｓｓｈｉｒａｋｉｉ和大垫尖翅蝗Ｅｐａｃｒｏｍｉｕｓｃｏｅｒｕｌｉｐｅｓ局限生活于湿润生境，是该生境群落的特征种．短额负蝗Ａｔｒａｃｔｏｍｏｒｐｈａｓｉｎｅｎｉｓｉ、中华剑角蝗Ａｃｒｉｄａｃｉｎｅｒｅａ是典型广栖性种，中华稻蝗在低洼潮湿生境中优势明显，对这些种类有必要进一步深入研究．散生型东亚飞蝗Ｌｏｃｕｓｔａｍｉｇｒａｔｏｒｉａｍａｎｉｔｅｎｓｉｓ在调查区内时有所见，应引起足够重视．     

动物性别分离机制的研究进展

对动物的性别分离机制的研究进行了综述,认为性别分离指数测度公式的确立、数学模型的导入和粪便性别鉴定技术的使用对今后动物性别分离的研究具有巨大推动作用.提出,解释动物性别分离机制的假说除了包括动物自身的生态需求内因外,必须引入生境因子外因的作用.