民族地区可持续发展的博弈分析

我中国绝大多数民族地区经济发展落后,人口、资源和环境等与经济社会发展不相协调,面临着生态破坏、环境污染等问题.因此,民族地区可持续发展变成了是一个囚徒困境博弈过程或智猪博弈过程,甚至有时出现变成了逆向选择的后果.为避免这种博弈就成为民族地区小康社会建设重大而紧迫的问题.     

脱细胞生物敷料对烫伤创面愈合的影响

目的研究脱细胞生物敷料对小型猪深Ⅱ度烫伤创面愈合的影响。方法巴马实验用小型猪24头,雌雄不限,体质量(15±3) kg通过铜锭制备大小为4 cm×6 cm的深Ⅱ度烫伤模型,随机分为两组,试验组使用脱细胞生物敷料,空白对照组使用脱脂棉纱布。术后1、2、3、4周统计创面愈合率和愈合时间,并进行临床观察、组织病理学观察及创面羟脯氨酸含量检测,分析创面愈合情况。结果试验过程中动物全部存活,且无创面感染情况发生,试验组术后创面干燥,2周结痂,3周脱痂并长出被毛;空白对照组术后1周创面表面局部有渗出,其余部位干燥,2周结痂,4周脱痂并长出被毛。创面愈合时间试验组为(20. 83±0. 75) d,空白对照组为(27. 33±0. 82) d。2周和3周时两组创面愈合率具有显著性差异。试验组术后3周皮肤各层结构清晰,烫伤面基本愈合,4周时皮肤各层结构完整;空白对照组皮肤各层结构和附件的形成与试验组相比皆滞后6 d左右。术后1周、2周和3周两组创面炎性细胞浸润情况和羟脯氨酸含量具有显著性差异。结论脱细胞生物敷料能够有效促进烫伤创面愈合,可缩短治疗周期。     

正常豚鼠听觉脑干诱发反应(ABR)的研究

本文记录和分析了110只正常豚鼠的ABR,在85dBSPL短声(click)刺激后,在豚鼠(户页)顶可引得的ABR由Ⅰ～Ⅴ波组成。随着强强刺激降低引得的ABR波数减少,各波出现率也降低,其中波幅最大、最稳、最后消失的是Ⅲ波,依次为Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅱ和Ⅴ。豚鼠听阈值在25～10dBSPL左右。豚鼠ABR各波潜伏期和波间期恒定,但是它的ABR波幅个体差异较大。疏密短声引得的ABR的波形、波幅及各波潜伏期和各波间期有变化。     

实验豚鼠饲养管理方法探讨

动物饲养条件能够影响实验动物的生长发育、生理功能与机体代谢,从而影响到实验结果的真实性、准确性和科学性.豚鼠是试验研究中用途较多的动物之一,但因其活动反应敏感,且具有一些特殊的生物学特征和生理解剖特点,因此,对豚鼠的实验室饲养和管理有一些特殊的要求,受到科研工作者的关注和重视.     

我国中华分支睾吸虫病研究的成就

本文系综述我国解放后,对中华分支睾吸虫病研究的成就。在发掘二千多年前湖北江陵地区的古坟尸检中已发现华支睾吸虫卵,证明我国早在二千多年前已有华支睾吸虫病流行。华支睾吸虫散布地区,过去认为是广东省,现在全国已有二十多个省、市、自治区证实有华支睾吸虫病流行,北方比南方为轻。华支睾的保虫宿主,过去认为是人及猫、狗,最近我国学者发现猪及牛也有华支睾虫感染,四川、河南及广东已有报告。华支睾虫的第一中间宿主,证实我国有三种淡水螺,即长角豆螺,绍纹螺和香卜螺。华支睾虫的第二中间宿主,经调查证实我国有四十多种淡水鱼和虾,感染率最高的为麦穗鱼(100％),其次为日常食用的鲩鱼、鲤鱼属,人们多因喜吃鱼生和未煮熟的鱼而被感染。华支睾虫寄生于人体,其病理变化常在肝胆管内造成小胆管堵塞而发生胆管胆囊炎、胆结石、肝硬化、胰腺病、肝炎、小儿侏儒症等。华支睾虫寄生于小胆管,严重时可能引发后发性胆管上皮癌及肝癌。华支睾虫病临床症状以消化系统及神经官能症为主,但多数无临床症状,需检出虫卵才能确诊。我们调查2214例华支睾虫病中,有共存症21种,其中肝胆及胰腺占15种。吡喹酮六氯对二甲苯是良好的特效驱虫药,对华支睾虫病的治疗效果较为满意,且副反应较少。     

The effect of ascorbic acid on cadmium accumulation in guinea pig tissues

Accumulation of cadmium in organs of guinea pigs after subchronic oral cadmium treatment (1 mg Cd/animal/24 h) was in the following order: kidneys > liver > heart > testes > brain. The preventive effects of high doses of ascorbic acid (AA) against cadmium deposition were more pronounced in the testes, heart and brain, and in the kidney only after short-term cadmium treatment. Ascorbic acid had no protective effect on cadmium accumulation in the liver.     

猪恒磨牙解剖学研究在实验教学中的应用

为了更好地利用猪颌作为模型,研究离体猪第一恒磨牙根尖定位的解剖学特点是否能更好地指导实验教学,随机将49人分为两组。对照组采用传统教学方法,而实验组明确猪第一恒磨牙根尖定位的解剖学特点,进行实验分别记录实验时间以及专家盲法评价实验水平。共有46人满足纳入条件完成实验,实验组与对照组所用操作时间与实验评价差异有统计学意义,实验组优于对照组。研究表明离体猪第一恒磨牙根尖定位的解剖学特点能更好地指导实验教学。     

吡啶羧酸铬对肥育猪皮下脂肪组织脂肪酸合成酶mRNA表达的影响

选用体重58 kg左右的斯格×斯格×杜洛克三元杂交肥育猪48头,按试验要求分成2组,每组3个重复,分别饲喂添加0、200 μg/kg吡啶羧酸铬的玉米-豆粕型饲粮.结果表明,吡啶羧酸铬能明显改善肥育猪的胴体组成,胴体瘦肉率提高了6.1%(P＜0.05),眼肌面积增大了13.4%(P＜0.05),胴体脂肪率和平均背膘厚分别降低了13.5%(P＜0.05)、11.1%(P＜0.05);皮下脂肪组织FAS mRNA丰度减少了23.9%(P＜0.05),FAS活性降低了19.4%(P＜0.05).提示吡啶羧酸铬可通过降低肥育猪皮下脂肪组织FAS的mRNA表达及其活性,从而减少脂肪沉积,改善胴体组成.     

DNA fragmentation in leukocytes following subacute lowdose nerve agent exposure

The objective of the present study was to determine levels of DNA fragmentation in blood leukocytes from guinea pigs by single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) after exposure to the chemical warfare nerve agent (CWNA), soman, at doses ranging from 0.1 LD₅₀ to 0.4 LD₅₀, once per day for either 5 or 10 days. Post-exposure recovery periods ranged from 0 to 17 days. Leukocytes were imaged from each animal, and the images analyzed by computer. Data obtained for exposure to soman demonstrated significant increases in DNA fragmentation in circulating leukocytes in CWNA-treated guinea pigs compared with saline-injected control animals at all doses and time points examined. Notably, significantly increased DNA fragmentation was observed in leukocytes 17 days after cessation of soman exposure. Our findings demonstrate that leukocyte DNA fragmentation assays may provide a sensitive biomarker for low-dose CWNA exposure.Received 29 July 2003; accepted 14 August 2003     

Stable isotopic analysis on sus bones from the Wanfabozi site, Tonghua, Jilin

In order to study the sus diets and explore the possibility to distinguish domestic pig from wild boar through dietary analysis, stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes of 28 pig bones from archaeological site of Wanfabozi in Tonghua City, Jilin Province were analyzed. The δ^13C and δ^15N values of uncontaminated bones show that the overall pigs in the site were generally herbivores and ate mainly C3 plants. Significant difference of δ^15N values was observed between wild boar and domestic pigs, which may result from the higher consumption of animal protein in domestic pigs other than from that in wild boar, possibly from human leftover or waste,. The dietary difference between wild boar and domestic pigs has great potential to differentiate wild boar and domestic pigs in the early stage of pig domestication.