青藏高原湖泊沉积记录与环境变化研究

 过去全球变化研究是人类认识气候与环境变化事实与规律,客观评价现代环境在气候与环境发展历史中位置的重要手段,能够为未来气候与环境变化的预测提供科学的检验工具。介绍了湖泊沉积物环境代用指标与气候要素关系定量化的研究,简要回顾利用湖泊沉积物重建高原最近2万年环境变化历史研究成果,阐述高原湖泊沉积对气候变化的敏感响应。     

基于地理信息系统的色季拉山土地利用时空动态变化

以西藏色季拉山为研究对象,对其1990—2018年土地利用类型时空变化及其影响因素进行了探究和分析.选取三期多时相遥感图像,基于遥感图像处理(the environment for visualizing images,ENVI)和地理信息系统(arc geographic information of system,ArcGIS)软件,并结合该区域土地利用动态图和土地变更调查,得出土地利用分类图、转移矩阵土地利用动态度等结果.28年间,色季拉山主要土地利用类型是草地、林地和未利用地,三者整体上均表现出面积减少的现象;城乡、工矿及居民用地是2005年后出现的新增土地利用类型;空间上,东北方位变化最小,其余方位土地类型变化均匀;经调查,促使土地利用类型发生变化的原因主要有人口增多、城市基础建设和牧业发展.研究成果可为保护色季拉山生态经济和土地管理各级部门提供科学且可靠的理论支持.     

城镇化进程中青藏两省区农牧民家庭收支变化及满意度情况的调查分析

城镇化建设和生态移民的城镇化安置等使青海和西藏的农牧民经历着城镇化进程中的社会变迁。农牧民的家庭收支变化和对收入的满意情况等也会随着生产生活环境的变化以及政府的相应政策与措施产生很大的变化。文章通过对青海和西藏两省区农牧民收入情况的调查,对城镇化进程中农牧民家庭目前的收支变化以及对收入的满意度情况进行分析,提出了改善农牧民家庭发展生产、增加经济收入的对策和建议。     

白洋淀湿地芦苇全氮含量的季节动态变化

为了解湿地植物氮素在各器官中的分布特征,探讨湿地植物组织器官氮含量变化对湿地生态系统氮循环的影响,以白洋淀湿地典型植物芦苇(Phragmites australis)为研究对象,分析了芦苇各部位器官中全氮含量的变化特征.研究结果表明,芦苇地上器官叶片、地上茎和叶鞘的全氮含量随季节变化呈指数下降,在4月份最高,分别为(43.07±2.66),(27.40±4.04),(20.04±3.10)g/kg;而根状茎则呈先减后增再减的动态变化趋势,最大值出现在8月,为(13.34±5.07)g/kg.芦苇地下器官氮积累量大于地上器官.各月份芦苇叶片氮积累量高于叶鞘全氮含量,根状茎氮积累量高于地上茎.     

High-resolution geochemistry records of climate changes since late-glacial from Dajiuhu peat in Shennongjia Mountains,Central China

A peat core with depths of 297 cm was obtained from the Dajiuhu Basin(31°29′27″N,109°59′45″E,1760 m)in Hubei Province,Central China.10 AMS ages provide a time control and reveal that this core spans the past about 16.0 kaBP(calibrated age)(1 4C age:13.3 kaBP).Multi-proxy indexes analysis of geochemistry shows the following character of climate and environmental changes since about 16 kaBP:(1) The climate during the late-glacial period was cold and wet as a whole,but fluctuated continually.11.4- 12.6 cal.kaBP,12.6-15.2 cal.kaBP and 15.2-16 kaBP were corresponding respectively to the Younger Drays,Bφlling-Allerφd Warm Period and the Oldest Drays.(2)Inheriting the some climate characteristics of the late-glacial,the climate during the early-Holocene was wet and temperature increased gradually,during which an obvious dry event around 10.6 cal.kaB appeared.(3)The climate during the mid-Holocene was genarally warm and wet.During 9.2-7.5 kaBP,temperature increased gradually, precipitation was less comparatively and the 8.2 kaBP cold event which might be representative in the globe was reflected markedly.Then,multi-proxy records were relatively stable during 6.7-4.2 kaBP, which shows the best water and thermal condition in the Holocene Optimum.(4)Around 4.2 kaBP,the climate and environment transform from warm and wet to cool and dry,which may result in the collapse of the Neolithic Culture and midwifery the civilization of Xia Dynasty in this region.After 0.9 kaBP,the climate turned cool and wet.Climate and environmental changes archived in Dajiuhu peat respond to the global changes since the late-glacial period and can be contrasted to the changes recorded in other high-resolution archives from the East Asia Monsoon region,which take on the variety model that the monsoon strengthened abruptly after the late-glacial,was strong during the early Holocene,subse- quently declined and became weak after the middle Holocene with dry climate.According to our analysis,the driving mechanism should be the response of s     

A perspective view on ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism and continental collision in the Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt

The study of continental deep-subduction has been one of the forefront and core subjects to advance the plate tectonics theory in the twenty-first century. The Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt in China crops out the largest lithotectonic unit containing ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks in the world. Much of our understanding of the world＇s most enigmatic processes in continental deep-subduction zones has been deduced from various records in the Dabie-Sulu rocks. By taking these rocks as the natural laboratory, earth scientists have made seminal contributions to understanding of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism and continental collision. This paper outlines twelve aspects of outstanding progress, including spatial distribution of the UHP metamorphic rocks, timing of the UHP metamorphism, timescale of the UHP metamorphism, the protolith nature of deeply subducted continental crust, subduction erosion and crustal detachment during continental collision, the possible depths of continental subduction, fluid activity in the continental deep-subduction zone, partial melting during continental collision, element mobility in continental deep-subduction zone, recycling of subducted continental crust, geodynamic mechanism of postcollisional magmatism, and lithospheric architecture of collision orogen. Some intriguing questions and directions are also proposed for future studies.     

流沙河气候变化与人类活动导致的泥沙变化

采用澜沧江下游一级支流流沙河勐海水文站38年月平均悬移质输沙量资料,通过考察1966-1992和1993-2003年两时段勐海站输沙变化,反映已建的漫湾水库拦沙后,下游支流泥沙补充增减状况．结果表明：水库建成后,勐海断面年均输沙比建库前增加了42％,而期间勐海气象站月平均降水与水文站断面月平均流量没有明显的增减趋势,说明泥沙增加趋势是由于区域内土地利用及覆被变化引起的,是人类活动影响的结果．     

糖多孢红霉菌保藏过程中生理生化变化的研究

对糖多孢红霉菌菌种保藏过程中一些生理生化变化规律进行研究.采用氮蓝四唑还原法、愈创木酚法、紫外吸收法、硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)比色法和双组分分光光度计法,分别测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性及丙二醛(MDA)与可溶性糖的含量.结果表明:在糖多孢红霉菌保藏过程中,SOD、POD、CAT酶活性与可溶性糖的含量随着菌种保藏时间的延长呈现先上升后下降,MDA随着时间的延长先下降再上升趋势.上述3种酶活性与MDA和可溶性糖含量的变化呈现出一定的规律,可以用SOD和MDA作为判断该菌种是否老化的一种生理生化指标.     

壮族婚姻家庭与男女地位——壮族性别关系的研究之一

婚姻家庭是最能体现性别关系的社会基本形式。与稻作文明相联系,壮族婚姻家庭中的性别关系具有自己的显著特点,即都是男性占据主导的情况下,壮族妇女的地位高于当地汉族妇女。从神话传说所透露的远古信息来看,到了人猿揖别之后,壮族的婚姻家庭才逐渐形成并不断发展,与此相应的两性地位作用也随之发生改变;但是无论从“双轨制”运行的婚姻制度,还是从不成熟的父权家长制来说,都存在较多“性别平等”的意蕴。     

小儿不完全川崎病22例临床分析

目的：探讨小儿不完全川崎病的早期诊断,以及早期进行冠状动脉病变的预防治疗,减少冠状动脉瘤的发生。方法：分析2001年5月至2007年10月收住院的小儿不完全川崎病22例的临床特征、实验室检查并进行讨论。结果：全部病例在恢复期均出现指（趾）端脱皮,入院时22例患儿中9例具备包括持续发热在内的2条诊断指标,8例具备包括持续发热在内的3条诊断指标,5例具备包括持续发热在内的4条诊断指标及外周血白细胞（WBC）、C反应蛋白（CRP）、血小板升高,血沉增快;21例冠状动脉扩张、1例有冠状动脉瘤的形成。结论：小儿不完全川崎病因早期临床表现不典型,应对持续发热〉5d、抗生素治疗无效的病例进行动态超声心动图检查及随访CRP、血沉、WBC计数,作出早期诊断,减少冠状动脉病变。