一株氨化菌的分离鉴定及其氨化特性研究

从升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)中分离到一株高效氨化菌AHJ1,通过形态观察、生理生化试验、16S rRNA基因序列分析,初步鉴定为球形芽孢杆菌;进一步探讨了UASB处理工艺各因素对AHJ1氨化特性的影响,结果表明在温度37℃,pH 6.0、装液量30%,氨化率可达58.62%,且在一定程度上抑制了厌氧处理中鸟粪石的生成.     

利用PCR-DGGE技术鉴定硝基甲苯类物质降解菌株

为鉴定光催化-厌氧好氧固定化微生物方法降解2,6-DNT和4-MNT的优势菌株,取连续运行40d的厌氧好氧反应器出入口的微生物样品.采用PCR-DGGE技术分离微生物,得到对2,6-DNT和4-MNT具有良好降解特性的优势菌种;发现厌氧反应器内不同位置微生物种类差别很大,好氧反应器内差别很小;反应器内有5种优势菌株:Delta proteobacterium,Pseudomonas stutzeri,Pseudomonas trivialis,Burkholderia cenocepa-ciaand Chryseobacterium sp.AKB-2008-VA6和1个未知菌株,以兼性厌氧和好氧方式生存.反应器运行期间,水质指标良好.     

海洋有害赤潮调控功能菌的发现与研究

近年来,赤潮的微生物调控研究受到了科学界的高度重视,"以菌治藻"的赤潮调控理念格外引人注目.先从国内外抑/杀藻菌及其作用方式的研究进展进行论述,再结合本课题组近年来筛选获得的海洋抑/杀藻细菌,探讨该类菌质资源的发掘与利用,最后对该领域研究进行了展望.     

地衣芽孢杆菌基因文库的构建及分析

作为一种高效无毒、无二次污染以及能够生物降解的水处理剂,生物絮凝剂受到越来越多的关注.以一株具有强絮凝活性地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)为实验菌,通过构建基因组文库,尝试筛选絮凝基因阳性克隆子.结果表明,该菌株基因文库构建成功,共得到2.1×103克隆子.随机挑取17个阳性克隆子进行DNA测序分析,发现一些相对保守蛋白及2个不具有明确功能的基因.该结果为进一步研究地衣芽孢杆菌全基因组结构功能及细菌絮凝基因奠定了基础.     

Lipids of sulfate-reducing bacteria and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria found in the Dongsheng uranium deposit

U-bearing sandstones from the Dongsheng deposit in Ordos Basin contain abundant C15-C18 fatty acids. The fatty acids may have been derived from modern and ancient organisms including organisms from the intervals of U mineralization. A certain amount of i15:0, a15:0, a17:0 fatty acids coexist with small amounts of i17:1ω7c and 10me16:0, characteristic biomarkers of Desulfovibrio and Desulfobacter sp., respectively. This indicates the existence of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in the sandstones. The presence of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB), such as Beggiatoa and Thioploca, is indicated by significant amounts of 16:1ω7c and 18:1ω7c fatty acids. The existence of the SRB in the deposit, as inferred from the fatty acids, is consistent with results from fossilized microorganisms and isotopic compositions of ore-stage pyrite. This suggests that the environment may have been favorable for the SRB to grow since ore formation (9.8-22 Ma). The bacteria may have degraded hydrocarbons directly, or indirectly utilized hydrocarbons degraded by oxic microbes in the deposits. This process may have produced 12C-rich calcite and prominent baseline humps of unresolved complex mixtures (UCM), and 25-demethylated hopanes and tricyclic terpanes. The existence of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria in the deposit may have resulted in bacterial sulfate reduction to sulfide, re-oxidization of the sulfide to sulfate and subsequent reduction of the sulfate to sulfide. This assertion is supported by ore-stage pyrite with δ34S values as low as-39.2‰, and the lightest sulfate (about 11‰) measured during the Phanerozoic, a difference of more than 46‰.     

Biogenesis of β-barrel membrane proteins in bacteria and eukaryotes: evolutionary conservation and divergence

Membrane-embedded β-barrel proteins span the membrane via multiple amphipathic β-strands arranged in a cylindrical shape. These proteins are found in the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria and chloroplasts. This situation is thought to reflect the evolutionary origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts from Gram-negative bacterial endosymbionts. β-barrel proteins fulfil a variety of functions; among them are pore-forming proteins that allow the flux of metabolites across the membrane by passive diffusion, active transporters of siderophores, enzymes, structural proteins, and proteins that mediate protein translocation across or insertion into membranes. The biogenesis process of these proteins combines evolutionary conservation of the central elements with some noticeable differences in signals and machineries. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the functions and biogenesis of this special family of proteins.     

窖泥己酸菌的分离培养与诱变选育

泥窖己酸菌产生的己酸是浓香型大曲酒主体香成分的前体物质之一。从老窖泥中分离纯化出一株产酸能力较高的己酸菌GS5,以其为亲株,通过紫外诱变(照射功率15W,照射距离30cm,时间为3m in),筛选到1株产酸量提高12%的突变株GSUT3,多次继代培养结果表明其产量稳定。研究还发现GSUT3与亲株之间,GSUT3第1代与第8代之间,其生长变化规律和己酸产量的变化规律表现一致。     

活性污泥中细菌的分离、纯化与培养

建立精品实验项目＂细菌纯种分离和培养＂,以污水处理厂的活性污泥为实验样品,利用浇注平板法、平板划线法对活性污泥中的细菌进行分离、纯化并得到纯菌菌种。通过精品实验项目的研究与探索,丰富了实验教学内容,激发了学生的学习兴趣,巩固了学生的基本实验技能,加深了学生对微生物基础理论知识的理解,促进了学生创新能力的培养和提高。     

PSBAD菌体蛋白生物效应评价

本文从三方面试验,较完整地评价了PSBAD 的生物学效应.结果表明:(1)PSBAD 粗蛋白含量18.67%,脂肪含量0.83%,糖份微量.粗蛋白质量较好,表观消化率57.17%,净利用率50.94%,生物价89.(2)LD_(50)>10g/(kg 体重),Ames 试验、精子畸变试验和微核试验均呈阴性.(3)肉鸡喂养试验中平均增重180g,料肉比减少0.5,且呈现抗病防病、增加免疫力的趋势.为此,建议PSBAD 作为一种优质安全的饲料添加剂.     

紫云英丰产利用技术研究

豫南稻区紫云英产草量普遍较低,加之利用不合理,影响水稻产量的提高和肥田改土的效果。试验证明,采取选用紫云英优良品种、施用磷肥、接种紫云英根瘤菌、增加播种量、合理轮作等技术措施,可大幅度提高紫云英产草量。对绿肥的利用,采取适时翻压、晒田、施用石膏、石灰等技术措施,可充分发挥绿肥的肥效,保证水稻的正常生长,从而达到施用绿肥改土肥田、提高水稻产量的目的。