Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in overwintering monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) from mexico

Summary North American populations of the monarch butterfly,Danaus plexippus, have been found to contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids and their N-oxides. Analytical methods (TLC, GC, and GC/MS) have been developed to isolate, quantitate, and structurally elucidate the alkaloids. Examples of at least two classes of pyrrolizidine alkaloids have been identified, the macrocyclic diesters, senecionine, integerrimine, and seneciphylline, and the monoesters, echinatine, intermedine, and lycopsamine.21 November 1986This work was supported by NSF (Grants BSR-81-19391 and BSR-81-19382), and a Stauffer Chemical Company fellowship. We thank David Hodapp, Mark Stelljes, and Cordula Bruenner for technical help, Dr T.P. Krick, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minn., USA, for assistance in GC/MS analysis of PAs, and Dr J.A. Edgar, CSIRO, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, for samples of authentic reference compounds.     

苦参提取物质量标准研究

为研究并建立苦参提取物的质量标准,按照《药典》相关技术要求分别建立苦参提取物性状、薄层色谱鉴别、水分、灰分、炽灼残渣、重金属及砷盐等项目的检查方法并规定限度,采用滴定法建立苦参提取物的总生物碱含量测定方法并规定了限度.结果显示：苦参提取物的水分不应超过5.0%,重金属不应超过10ppm,总生物碱含量应在35.00%~52.50%之间.本研究建立的质量标准可以控制苦参提取物的质量.     

剑叶木姜子的化学成分研究

 对剑叶木姜子(Litsea lancifolia)的化学成分进行研究.采用硅胶柱层析、重结晶等分离手段从中分离纯化得到8个化合物,通过现代波谱技术和理化常数测定鉴定了它们的结构,其中3个为异喹啉生物碱:lit-seglutine A(1),phanostenine(2),juziphin(3);同时还得到(E)-6-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-3-heptene-2-one(4),香草醛(vanillin,5),香草酸(vanillic acid,6),β-谷甾醇(7)及β-胡萝卜苷(8).以上化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

文殊兰弱碱性生物碱的抗肿瘤活性研究

研究文殊兰中弱碱性生物碱对不同肿瘤细胞的抑制作用,并筛选出敏感细胞株,观察凋亡形态;MCF-7细胞株、SMMC7721细胞株、SGC7901细胞株、HepG-2细胞株,MTT溶液,DMSO,Hoechst33258等;利用MTT法检测文殊兰弱碱性生物碱对上述肿瘤细胞的抑制作用以及Hoechst 33258染色法观察细胞凋亡的形态学变化;文殊兰弱碱性生物碱对上述细胞株均有明显的抑制作用,对HepG-2细胞的抑制作用更为明显,给药72 h后测定IC50=9.374 323μg/mL;Hoechst 33258染色法观察细胞出现凋亡小体,有凋亡现象发生.文殊兰弱碱性生物碱MCF-7细胞株、SMMC7721细胞株、SGC7901细胞株、HepG-2细胞株具有不同程度的抑制作用,且呈现一定的剂量依赖性,对HepG-2细胞的抑制作用最强,表现出良好的抗肿瘤活性.     

黄连生物碱治疗糖尿病——解偶联蛋白2

用不同浓度(4.00,2.00,1.00,0.50和0.25 mg/L)的黄连生物碱(黄连碱、小檗碱、表小檗碱、巴马汀)处理肝癌细胞(HepG2),应用HPLC和蛋白质印迹技术检测黄连生物碱在HepG2细胞中的吸收及黄连生物碱对解偶联蛋白2(UCP2)表达的影响.同一浓度下,HepG2细胞内黄连碱的浓度最高,小檗碱次之,其余生物碱含量较低;UCP2的表达量,黄连碱组最高、小檗碱次之,且随着黄连碱浓度和表小檗碱浓度的不断增加,细胞内UCP2相对表达量也增加,其它两组对UCP2表达影响不明显.黄连碱与小檗碱可以促进线粒体UCP2的表达且与治疗糖尿病并发症相关联.     

野西瓜总生物碱诱导SGC-7901凋亡机制的研究

通过体外抗肿瘤实验探讨了野西瓜(C.S)总生物碱对诱导人胃癌SGC-7901细胞的抑制特点,并初步探讨了游离钙、活性氧水平的变化与野西瓜总生物碱诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的关系.野西瓜总生物碱作用的实验组与阴性对照组相比实验组各时间段G1期细胞都多于阴性对照组,而实验组的S期细胞少于阴性对照组,即野西瓜总生物碱能够阻滞肿瘤细胞由G1期进入S期.野西瓜总生物碱给药24 h后,细胞出现凋亡,且作用较明显,与质量浓度有关.因此以上实验证明野西瓜总生物碱可引起SGC-7901细胞凋亡.75、150、300 μg/mL 的野西瓜中总生物碱作用于SGC-7901细胞24 h后,活性氧(ROS)水平明显上升.而不同质量浓度的野西瓜总生物碱作用于SGC-7901细胞24 h后,用荧光染料Flow-3/AM对细胞进行染色,经过激光共聚焦显微镜观察发现野西瓜总生物碱能提高肿瘤细胞内钙离子质量浓度,且呈一定的剂量依赖关系.通过流式细胞仪分析,野西瓜总生物碱能明显提高肿瘤细胞内活性氧的水平.所以体外实验证明了野西瓜总生物碱对SGC-7901细胞具有抗肿瘤活性.在作用机制方面,可能与其可通过提高肿瘤细胞内钙离子质量浓度和增加肿瘤细胞内活性氧的产生,进而启动细胞凋亡机制诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡有关.     

蛇足石杉化学成分的研究

从云南屏边产石杉科植物蛇足石杉(Huperzia serrata(Thunb.)Trev.)中通过溶剂提取、硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH-20柱层析和制备薄层层析等方法分得11个化合物,包括6个生物碱、3个三萜和2个甾体。波谱分析(核磁共振氢谱、碳谱和质谱)确定它们的结构分别为石杉碱甲(1),石杉碱乙(2),石杉碱庚(3),马尾杉碱乙(4),8β-羟基马尾杉碱乙(5),lycoposerramine D(6),serratenediol(7),21-epi-serratenediol(8),serratenediol-3-acetate(9),β-谷甾醇(10)和胡萝卜甙(11),均为首次从云南产蛇足石杉中分离得到。     

Betel nut residues in archaeological samples of human teeth from the Mariana Islands

Two tetrahydropyridine alkaloids, arecaidine and guvacine that are characteristic of betel nut (Areca catechu L.) have been detected in the deliberately stained labial surface of female teeth excavation on Rota, Mariana Islands. This was accomplished using selected ion monitoring techniques in conjunction with gas chromatography/electron impact-mass spectrometry. These alkaloids were not present on the buccal surface of the teeth and indicate the use of betel nut to effect the staining.     

New tamjamine class alkaloids from the marine ascidianAtapozoa sp. and its nudibranch predators. Origin of the tambjamines inAtapozoa

Summary Two new tambjamine class alkaloids, possessing ichthyodeterrent properties, have been isolated from the organic extracts of the marine ascidianAtapozoa sp. and its nudibranch predators. The structure of the new metabolites were elucidated through interpretation of their physical and spectral data and by comparison with spectral data for related compounds. Microscopic examination ofAtapozoa considering the yellow color of the tambjamines suggested thatAtapozoa is capable of the de novo biosynthesis of these metabolites.