西藏农村人力资本投资困境分析

农村人口综合素质整体不高,日益成为西藏农村反贫困和可持续发展的重要制约因素之一,加大人力资本投资日益迫切.文章提出没有基于本地化的农村办学思路,师资队伍整体落后与教育质量不高长期并存,教育投资观念偏差根深蒂固,基层卫生服务能力薄弱及健康知识普及严重不足等是当前西藏农村人力资本投资存在的诸多困境,并指出尽快优化教育发展结构、突出师资队伍建设、加强成人培训力度、关注妇女儿童健康是提高农村人口发展能力的重要途径.     

A high-resolution environmental change record since 19 cal ka BP in Pumoyum Co,southern Tibet

A 380-cm-long sediment core was acquired from the deep water area of Pumoyum Co, southern Tibet. Twenty-five plant residue samples were selected, and organic carbon stable isotopes were obtained using the AMS ¹⁴C chronological method. The ¹⁴C age and carbon reservoir effect were calibrated with surface sedimentation rate measurements using ²¹⁰Pb dating. Results showed that the core sediment deposited over 19 cal ka BP. Based on a multi-proxy analysis of TOC and IC contents, grain size and pollen assemblage data, the palaeoclimatic evolution of Pumoyum Co was reconstructed since the last glacial. Pumoyum Co was a shallow lake prior to 16.2 cal ka BP; although the glacier around the lake began to melt due to increasing temperatures, climate was still cold and dry. In the interval of 16.2–11.8 cal ka BP, the sedimentary environment fluctuated drastically and frequently. Two cold-events occurred at 14.2 and 11.8 cal ka BP, and these may correspond to the Older Dryas and the Younger Dryas events, respectively. After 11.8 cal ka BP, Pumoyun Co developed into the deep lake as it is now. The lake water temperature was relatively lower at that time because of influx of cold water from glacial meltwater entering the lake. As a result, the multi-proxy indicators showed no sign of warm conditions. Comparisons between the sedimentary record of Pumoyum Co with that of other lakes of the same age in southern Tibet indicate a warmer climate following the last deglaciation influenced the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. These results imply that the southwest Asian monsoon gradually became stronger since the deglaciation during its expansion to the inner plateau. The glacial-supplied water of the lake responded sensitively to cold-events. The entire southern Tibet region was dominantly influenced climatically by the southwest Asian monsoon during the Holocene.     

Evolution of the East Asian monsoon and its response to uplift of the Tibetan Plateau since 1.8 Ma recorded by major elements in sediments of the South China Sea

Evolution of the East Asian monsoon and its response to uplift of the Tibetan Plateau has been investigated in the study of global change. Core sediment samples drilled in the South China Sea during ODP Leg184 are the best materials for studying long-term variability of the East Asian monsoon. R-mode factor analysis of major elements in the fine grain-sized carbonate-free sediments (<4 μm) of the upper 185 mcd splice of ODP Site 1146 drilled during Leg184 in the South China Sea shows that Ti, TFe2O3, MgO, K2O, P, CaO, and Al2O3 are representative of a terrestrial factor. The variation in the terrestrial factor score is subject to chemical erosion in the source region and thus indicates the evolution of the East Asian summer monsoon. The terrestrial factor score has three stepwise decreases at ~1.3 Ma, ~0.9 Ma, and ~0.6 Ma, indicating the phased weakening of the East Asian summer monsoon is related to wholly stepwise, quick uplifts of the Tibetan Plateau since 1.8 Ma. The periodic fluctuation of the terrestrial factor score since ~0.6 Ma indicates that the glacial-interglacial cycles have been the main force driving the evolution of the East Asian monsoon. As in the case of Chinese loess, the long-term evolution of the East Asian monsoon recorded in sediments of the South China Sea reflects a coupled effect of the glacial-interglacial cycle and uplift of the Tibetan Plateau.     

当前西藏产业结构存在的问题及原因分析

西藏和平解放六十年来,经济发展成效显著,产业结构不断得以优化,但各产业之间以及产业内部各部门、各层次之间还存在诸多问题,在一定程度上制约了西藏经济的跨越式发展。西藏三次产业结构的主要问题是结构偏离度大而产业高度化程度低,各次产业内的问题则主要表现为各子产业发展失衡和不均衡现象突出,产业发展尚处于低级阶段。文章认为社会经济体制发展基础薄弱而市场化程度低下;高原地理特征、气候条件和资源禀赋制约;人口相对稀少、分散加上受教育程度相对低,是产业发展相对滞缓的原因。     

推进西藏高等教育在新的历史起点上实现新的历史跨越——纪念西藏和平解放60周年

西藏和平解放60年来，在党中央、国务院的亲切关怀和全国人民的无私援助下，西藏高等教育破胚发芽、蹒跚起步，并在改革开放后实现了快速发展和历史跨越，为西藏经济的新一轮腾飞和社会的长治久安提供了坚实的人才基础和智力支撑。文章回顾了现代教育制度在西藏的建立、西藏高等教育的发展历程以及主要成果，总结了发展西藏高等教育的有益经验，展望了西藏高等教育的发展前景，提出了今后进一步提升高等教育办学质量的具体要求。     

防止西藏国有企业政策性寻租对策分析

由于特殊的地理环境与政治环境，西藏国有企业自生能力相对较弱，企业生产带有强制的外部经济性，因此政府给予企业政策性优惠与补贴是企业公平发展的需要。文章从西藏国有企业的领导人政策性寻租动机及诱因出发，分析了西藏现实的制度运行环境，从企业领导人的选拔、激励、绩效评价、合作剩余的归宿等多个方面研究了防止西藏国有企业领导人实施政策性寻租的对策措施。     

西藏大学医学院引进PBL教学模式的不足与对策

文章主要探讨以问题为基础的学习模式对西藏大学医学院教育现状所带来的影响。同时，结合西藏大学医学院学生现在的整体素质，针对采用学习模式存在的不足进行分析。在引进、推广和应用中，探讨切合西藏大学医学院实际情况的可行性对策。     

基于生态人类学的西藏原生态旅游研究

生态人类学是从生态学角度进行文化及其演化的阐释，把适应环境作为最重要的解释机制。文章梳理了西藏原生态旅游开发的优势与成果，分析了其发展中所面临的挑战，提出应转变观念、约束行为、尊重当地文化，以确保西藏原生态旅游可持续健康发展。