分数阶黏弹性饱和地基与板的共同作用

基于层状分数阶黏弹性横观各向同性饱和地基的固结解答,采用边界元法与有限元法耦合的方法,探讨板与黏弹性饱和地基的共同作用。首先基于Mindlin中厚板理论,得到板的总刚度矩阵方程;随后引入分数阶黏弹性饱和地基的精细积分解答,获得地基柔度矩阵方程;最后利用板?土协调条件,得到黏弹性饱和地基与板共同作用的解答。与已有文献对比,验证了本文解的正确性,并讨论黏弹性饱和地基参数和地基加固深度等因素对筏板与地基共同作用的影响。     

蛭石在低浓度盐酸和硫酸中的溶出性比较研究

蛭石作为三八面体层状硅酸盐矿物,由于其独特的层状结构被广泛应用于各领域．酸处理蛭石能提高蛭石的比表面积,改变层电荷数,达到增加表面活性官能团的目的．以新疆尉犁蛭石为原料,在低浓度盐酸和硫酸界面进行溶出性比较研究,对原料及酸浸后样品的物相、结构、微观形貌以及浸出液中各离子浓度进行表征分析．结果表明：在酸浓度较低时盐酸和硫酸对蛭石的酸蚀程度相当,在酸浓度稍微增加时硫酸对蛭石的酸蚀速度快于盐酸．两种酸的蛭石结构中各金属离子浸出的难易顺序一致,均为：层间物>八面体片>四面体片．Ca²⁺作为层间阳离子在酸浸前4h的溶出速率远大于八面体阳离子Mg²⁺和四面体阳离子Al³⁺,且层间物中Ca²⁺相比于K⁺更容易浸出．适当的酸处理可以提高蛭石的阳离子交换容量．本文对于蛭石的利用开发具有一定意义．     

石膏改良盐碱土研究进展

盐碱土因其瘦、板、生、冷、咸等作物生长障碍性特征而不宜耕种,但“端牢中国饭碗”的国家粮食安全战略则要求必须加大力度“向盐碱地要粮”。实践证明,施用天然或工业副产品石膏可有效改善盐碱土性状,从而提高盐碱地生产力。本研究梳理100多年来国内外相关研究进展,总结了现有石膏改良盐碱土的研究成果,拟为石膏改良盐碱土技术体系的完善和全面推广提供理论依据。分析认为,1895年以来开展的大量研究揭示了石膏改良盐碱土以交换过程和固持过程为主的作用机理;建立了多类石膏改良盐碱土适宜施用量计算公式,表明土壤容重、改土层厚度、土壤碱化度和土壤阳离子交换量等是影响石膏适宜施用量的代表性因素;制定了基于土壤盐碱化程度的石膏施用方法,明确了石膏施用对土壤理化生等方面的有益效果。目前,施用石膏改良盐碱土需配套灌溉措施,定额一般为每666.67 m²施用150～200 m³水,最适方式为喷灌或滴灌等持续性灌溉,不同盐碱度土壤及作物特性需要不同的施用量和施用方法及配套灌溉方法。现有的研究和实践成果为盐碱地高效利用提供了有力支撑,但仍需进一步融合统一适宜施用量计算公式,建立跨区域...     

均布荷载作用下简支组合梁受力机理分析

为了揭示组合梁在均布荷载作用下的受力机理,考虑弯曲和滑移耦合变形,建立组合梁滑移受力机理模型.首先,以单跨简支组合梁为研究对象,探讨组合梁变形与滑移规律、横截面内力分布及结合部传力机理;然后,分析截面尺度、界面刚度与荷载加载面对组合梁受力机理的影响.结果表明：混凝土板抗剪和抗弯作用在房建组合梁中较明显,在桥梁组合梁中可忽略;随着界面刚度比的增加,简支组合梁的曲率、转角、挠度和滑移均减小;混凝土板和钢梁轴力同步增大,混凝土板剪力增大而钢梁剪力减小,混凝土板、钢梁弯矩减小而轴力力偶增大;结合部界面切向力增大而界面法向力基本不变;相较于按自质量分配荷载,均布荷载由混凝土板承担时界面压力增大,由钢梁承担时则界面受拉,应注意验算界面抗拉拔性能.     

高层建筑外附雨篷的表面风压和气动力系数

采用风洞试验方法研究高层建筑外附雨篷的风压特征,分析风压系数、风压相关性、非高斯性和整体升力系数随风向角的变化,给出围护结构的设计风压,最后研究倾角和出挑长度对整体力系数的影响. 研究发现,高层建筑外附雨篷上表面风压系数在正迎风时最大值接近1.4,系气流受到后方高层建筑的阻挡下翻导致;上、下表面的最大整体压力系数出现正迎风情况,最大值分别为1.24和0.76;上、下表面的最大整体升力系数出现侧风面,最大值分别为1.13和1.01;上下叠加后测点风压的非高斯性比单表面增强;上表面和下表面的升力系数在0°~70°风向呈现高斯分布,在80°~180°风向呈现较强的非高斯分布;高层建筑外附雨篷上表面的极值正压大于下表面;雨篷整体升力系数按照倾角-10°、0°、10°依次递增.     

The discovery of antidepressants: A winding path

Summary Modern treatment of mental depression started with the availability of monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants. These drugs also contributed to the early development of psychopharmacology. Attempts to improve the anti-tuberculous action of the hydrazine derivative isoniazid by developing derivatives thereof led to the synthesis of iproniazid. Its introduction as the first modern antidepressant was based on three unexpected actions of the drug: MAO-inhibition, reversal of reserpine-induced sedation, and the presence of psychostimulation as a clinical side effect in man. However, the initial success of iproniazid and other MAO inhibitors, hydrazides and non-hydrazides, was curtailed by the occurrence of undesirable side effects such as potentiation of the blood-pressure elevating action of food amines. The tricyclic antidepressants were a development of the class of antihistamines, one of which, chlorpromazine, showed neuroleptic activity. A congener of this compound, imipramine, was discovered by clinical observation to have unexpected antidepressant effects. The clinical success of this drug (which is still in use) led to the development of a successful series of other tricyclic and non-tricyclic antidepressants. Progress in the elucidation of possible mechanisms of the action of the tricyclic compounds has helped this development. Recent advances in basic research have also induced a revival of MAO-inhibitors since, due to the discovery of MAO-subtypes, inhibitors with higher specificity and fewer undesirable side effects are now available.     

浅论温室效应及其灾害和对策

本文概略综述了近年来世界争论的“地球危机”问题。由于人类的活动,大气中二氧化碳等增加,气候恶化,地球升温,导致一系列重大自然灾害,严重地威协着人类。本文特对地震灾害进行了分析,温室效应对地球表面的升温,虽不至于直接影响到地震的孕育和发生,但是观测事实表明,环境因子太阳活动和气象与地震之间存在某种联系,对地震的发生常常起有调制和触发的作用,大气变化和太阳活动会影响到地震发生的频度和强度。为配合“国际减灾十年”活动,本文亦讨论了对策问题。     

Increase in the survival time of mice exposed to ionizing radiation by a new class of free radical scavengers

Summary N-acyl dehydroalanines react with and scavenge mainly superoxide radical and hydroxyl radical (HO^.). The ortho-methoxyphenylacetyl dehydroalanine derivative, indexed as AD-20, protects mice against damage resulting from total body X-irradiation, as measured by the increase in their survival time. AD-20 increases the LD₅₀ at 30 days from 6.1 to 7.3 Gy in animals exposed to a wide range of X-rays (6 to 10 Gy). The dose reduction factor (D R F) of AD-20 is 1.20. We postulate that such radioprotective effect may result from its free radical scavenging activity.     

“分区教学法”在速滑课中的运用

本文根据速滑课的教学特点,对速滑课组织教法的选择和运用进行了深入的研究和探讨,通过多种组织教法的实验和对比,认为“分区教学法”是速滑课组织教法的最佳选择。“分区教学法”有利于学生掌握和提高滑冰技术,有利于场地的合理使用,减少伤害事故的发生,使冰场上的教学秩序井然,有利于因材施教,使教师的主导作用得到充分的发挥,并能激励学生向明确的目标努力,增强学习的信心。     

Inhibition of the growth of cariogenic bacteria in vitro by plant falvanones

Phytoalexins, defensive compounds produced by plants against microbial infections, were purified fromSophora exigua (Leguminosae) and their growth inhibitory effects on oral cariogenic bacteria were determined in vitro. Among three isolated compounds, 5,7,2,4-tetrahydroxy-8-lavandulylflavanone completely inhibited the growth of oral bacteria including primary cariogenic mutans streptococci, other oral streptococci, actinomycetes, and lactobacilli, at concentrations of 1.56 to 6.25 g/ml.