Role of humidity on the structures and properties of regenerated silk fibers

Silk fiber was processed from highly concentrated spinning dope to solid fibers along with water removal. To understand the mechanism of water removal during silk fiber spinning process, a microfluidic chip was designed and applied to investigate the structures and mechanical properties of two kinds of regenerated silk fibroin fibers dry-spun at different relative humidity. The experimental results showed that the diameters of the fibers spun at 40% RH are always larger than the fibers spun at 50% RH due to different removal rates of water. The fibers spun at low humidity contain more β-sheet structure and lower degree of chain orientation and crystalline orientation. These results indicate that the fast phase transition of silk fibroin from sol–gel to silk fiber undergoes with rapid water removal and higher fiber orientation relates to more residue water and drawing force.     

利用图像处理技术测定丝/毛混纺比的方法初探——特征参数的选择及模式识别

主要介绍了图像处理技术测定丝/毛混纺比时多种特征参数的选择及识别敏感度的分析,并利用多元分析方法对目标信号进行了识别和分类。     

Conformational Transitions and Self-assembly of Regenerated Spider Silk Protein in Water

Spider silk, relying on its exceptional mechanical properties, has attracted extensive attention throughout the world. The structure of a material can influence its mechanical properties. Investigation of the structure of spider silk includes amino acid composition, molecular structure, self-assembly, and crystallization, among other characteristics. Herein, the effects of concentration, time, alkali metal ions （Na^＋and K ^＋ ） and pH on the conformational transition and self-assembly of regenerated Ornithoctonus huwena spider dragline silk protein （spidroin） in water were investigated using circular dichroism （CD） and atomic force microScopy （AFM）. Spidroin concentration, time and Na ＋ ions slightly influenced the conformational transition of spidroin molecules. However, K ＋ ions and pH induced the formation of a β- sheet structure. Increasing spidroin concentration or time increased the aggregation of spidroin and enhanced the formation of nanoffiaments. K ~ ions enhanced the serf-assembly of spidroin into nanofilaments. The self-assembled nanofilaments appeared at a pH of approximately 6. 11. Both lower and higher pH induced aggregation. At a lower pH, the aggregation was composed of nanopartides, whereas higher pH induced the aggregation of nanoffiaments, likely from the synergistic effect of Na ^＋ ions and pH.     

Silk Fibroin Microspheres： Preparation and Application for Controlled Drug Delivery

Silk fibroin （SF）, a natural protein polymer, has several unique properties such as aqueous processability, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Due to these advantageous properties, it is promising for applications in various fields, especially drug delivery. In this paper, the simple preparation of SF microspheres was discussed via self-assembly. Some of SF＇s physicochemical properties and morphology were also investigated. The results show that the morphology, size and size distribution of silk microspheres depend upon various processing parameters, especially including volume ratios among SF, ethanol and polyvinyl alcohol （PVA）. Regular silk microspheres were obtained in PVA solution when adjusting the volume ratios of silk to ethanol from 20：1 to 20： 9. We also found that SF microspheres with various appearances were formed by addition of different PVA solution concentrations under a constant silk solution to ethanol volume ratio. From the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR） of silk microspheres, it was found that introducing ethanol into the SF solution induced conformational change from random coil to β-sheet. Additionally, under the observation of scanning electron microscopy （ SEM）, the shape of self-assembled silk microspheres was determined to be spherical. Finally, SF＇s potential as drug delivery carriers was discussed in the experimental results.     

基于自适应三分图的玉米穗丝精细化提取

玉米穗丝是玉米的受粉器官,它的生长发育状况将直接影响玉米产量。为了实现穗丝性状的自动监测与评价,提出一种基于自适应三分图的玉米穗丝精细化提取方法。首先基于直方图对比度的显著性检测算法预估目标显著性,形成显著图,再利用自适应阈值分割对显著图初步预分割;然后寻找最大连通域获得单一目标二值图像,根据穗丝特点确定形态学处理的最佳卷积核并生成包含目标、背景和不确定区域的自适应三分图,以Laplace矩阵优化closed-form matting算法中目标函数的分块矩阵;最后根据玉米穗丝特点,结合三分图结果和优化过的算法对玉米穗丝进行软分割实现精细化提取。实验结果表明：所提的研究方法像素精度值为97.96%,综合评价指标值为94.16%;其中像素精度值相较于基于点运算的OTSU算法、Grabcut算法和基于神经网络的深度学习算法SeFormer和DeeplabV3,分别提高了10.43、2.35、1.67和1.91百分点,综合评价指标值分别提高了23.96、5.59、4.28和5.13百分点。此方法能有效弥补硬分割算法对玉米穗丝这种特殊对象的分割缺陷,提取的目标区域接近真实区域,准确度高,从而为智...     

真丝织物力学性能与服装外观造型之间的关系

在Kawabata等人的研究基础上,对30多种真丝织物的力学性能和八片公主线连衣裙外观造型之间的关系进行了研究,运用了多元线性逐步回归和判别分析方法,找出了影响服装外观成形的几个机械力学因子:厚度、面密度、剪切刚性、弯曲刚性、最大剪切力和纬向的拉伸伸长率等.     

活性染料-丝朊键的稳定性

丝用九个含有不同活性基团和活性基个数的活性染料染色，着色丝上非共价结合的染料被萃取净后，用ｐＨ值从１．８９至１０．６５五个不同缓冲溶液于７０℃进行水解，吸附在丝上的水解染料再次被萃取净。水解的染料用光谱法、色谱法和重量法予以证明，水解速度用光谱法加以测定。结果表明，含双活性基团的活性染料能与两肽链交链，并且具有较高的键的稳定性．     

织物基UHF-RFID标签天线的制备及封装工艺初探

以常见的服装水洗唛为基材,采用丝网印刷方式印制超高频射频识别(ultra high frequency-radio frequency identification,UHF-RFID)标签天线,并与芯片连接封装制备标签,探讨丝网印刷天线的网板目数、不同类型导电油墨和天线/芯片连接封装的热压温度对印刷质量和标签读取性能的影响。试验结果表明:网版目数为300目的标签天线的印刷精度和尺寸稳定性优于350目的丝印网版;当采用8000A型导电银浆时,标签性能满足读取要求,读取距离在8 m以上;为保证标签天线与芯片形成稳定的电连接,从而使所制备的标签读取距离及外观性能最佳,连接封装时热压温度应与天线印刷固化温度一致。     

Physico-Chemical Properties of a Water-Insoluble Silk Fibroin Film

The conventional silk fibroin(SF)films obtained by casting from SF aqueous solution are amorphous,and easily dissolved in water.This defect limits the practical use of SF films in biomedical field.A new water-insoluble silk fibroin film(an SF-FA film)could be simply prepared by casting from SF formic acid solution.The physical properties and moisture permeability of SF-FA films were examined.The results show that the SF-FA film swollen in water exhibits outstanding pliability.The weight loss of SF-FA films ...     

高含量再生丝素蛋白水溶液的热性能研究

用差示扫描量热仪(DSC),对不同含量的再生丝素蛋白水溶液(质量分数为12%~42%),以及同一含量不同剪切速率(1 000 s-1和2 000 s-1)下溶液热性能的变化进行了对比研究。结果表明,随着含量的增大,再生丝素蛋白水溶液发生相转变的温度逐渐降低;同样,经剪切后的溶液发生相转变的温度均向低温漂移,且随着剪切作用的加强,向低温的漂移越明显。试验表明,丝素水溶液含量的增加和剪切作用可加速溶液从无规线团或α-螺旋向β-折叠构象的转变速度,且随着剪切速率的提高,构象转变的速度也加快。