锁阳(Cynomorium songaricum)胚胎学研究Ⅱ.胚和胚乳的发育

锁阳（Ｃ．ｓｏｎｇａｒｉｃｕｍＲｕｐｒ．）的胚乳为细胞型胚乳，初生胚乳核第一次分裂即形成细胞壁．种子成熟后，胚乳多层，壁内突的胚乳细胞在中心围绕着胚．合子第一次分裂为横分裂，形成珠孔端基细胞和合点端顶细胞；基细胞具液泡，顶细胞纵裂二次，分别形成二分体和四分体，以后进行各方向分裂形成球形原胚，基细胞参与胚体形成球形原胚，基细胞参与胚体形成，成熟种子中胚为球形原胚     

蟾蜍胚胎生长发育过程的核磁共振研究

本文包含两个方面的内容,其一是,用核磁共振的自旋回波谱仪获得了蟾蜍胚胎不同生长发育阶段与纵向弛豫时间之间的关系,弛豫时间有一个最大值,它能给我们很有用的信息;其另一内容是,在蟾蜍胚胎的不同生长发育阶段进行不同物理刺激作用,发现在弛豫时间小的那些阶段中,刺激后使生长发育期缩短。     

野大麦耐盐变异体的筛选和植株再生

以野大麦的成熟胚为外植体诱国组织，选取淡黄色，易碎的胚佃组织为材料，进行细胞悬浮培养。     

东北龙胆的受精作用及其胚和胚乳的发育(Ⅱ)

东北龙胆的胚囊发育属于蓼型。珠孔受精。花粉管可通过破坏一个助细胞进入胚囊,也可在助细胞与胚囊壁之间进入胚囊。花粉管进入胚囊后释放出的两个精子分别与卵细胞及次生核融合,形成合子及初生胚乳核。受精作用属于有丝分裂前配子融合类型。胚乳发育为核型。当胚发育到4—6个细胞时,在胚囊珠孔瑞的游离核之间先形成细胞壁。细胞壁的形成是以自由壁的方式从珠孔端到合点端自外向内进行。胚的发育属于茄型。     

朝鲜鹌鹑耳蜗的组织发生

以朝鲜鹌鹑胚胎和幼体的内耳为材料，用组织学方法对内耳的发育过程进行研究。孵化３６ｈ，听基板已形成；孵化７２ｈ，听泡形成；孵化４ｄ，基乳突形成；孵化６ｄ，毛细胞分化出来；孵化１６ｄ，内耳结构基本发育完成；出壳后，其结构继续发育完善。 发育结果显示：螺旋神经节细胞和毛细胞优先发育，附属结构在其后发育。     

Development and characterization of interspecific hybrids between Oryza sativa and O. latifolia by in situ hybridization

Oryza sativa and O. latifolia belong to the AA and CCDD genomes of Oryza, respectively. In this study, interspecific hybrids of these species were obtained using the embryo rescue technique. Hybrid panicle traits, such as long awns, small grain, exoteric large purple stigma, grain shattering and dispersed panicles, resemble that of the paternal parent, O. latifolia, whereas there is obvious heterosis in such respects as plant height, tillering ability and vegetative vigor. Chromosome pairing and the genomic components of the hybrid were subsequently investigated using genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. Based on the mitotic metaphase chromosome numbers of the root tips investigated, the hybrid is a triploid with 36 chromosomes. The genomic constitution of the hybrid is ACD. In the meiotic metaphase I of the hybrid pollen mother cell, poor chro- mosome pairing was identified and most of the chromosomes were univalent, which resulted in com- plete male sterility in the hybrid.     

蟾蜍胚胎生长发育过程的核磁共振研究

本文包含两个方面的内容,其一是,用核磁共振的自旋回波谱仪获得了蟾蜍胚胎不同生长发育阶段与纵向弛豫时间之间的关系,弛豫时间有一个最大值,它能给我们很有用的信息;其另一内容是,在蟾蜍胚胎的不同生长发育阶段进行不同物理刺激作用,发现在弛豫时间小的那些阶段中,刺激后使生长发育期缩短.     

Nodal signals pattern vertebrate embryos

Vertebrate embryonic patterning requires several conserved inductive signals–including Nodal, Bmp, Wnt and Fgf signals. Nodal, which is a member of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily, activates a signal transduction pathway that is similar to that of other TGFβ members. Nodal genes, which have been identified in numerous vertebrate species, are expressed in specific cell types and tissues during embryonic development. Nodal signal transduction has been shown to play a pivotal role in inducing and patterning mesoderm and endoderm, and in regulating neurogenesis and left-right axis asymmetry. Antagonists, which act at different steps in the Nodal signal transduction pathway, have been shown to tightly modulate the inductive activity of Nodal. Received 20 October 2005; received after revision 15 November 2005; accepted 25 November 2005     

Aberrant DNA methylation patterns in cultured mouse embryos

Mouse early embryos undergo genome-wide demethylation and remethylation events during pre-implantation development. Abnormal methylation reprogramming is thought to be associated with development arrest. Using immunofluorescence staining with an antibody against 5-methylcytosine (MeC), we examined the genome methylation patterns of mouse embryos cultured in vitro. The results did not show the difference in staining patterns between development-blocked two-cell embryos that cultured in vitro and the two-cell embryos that were freshly collected from the donor mice. But in vitro-arrested morulae displayed a strong positive staining when compared to the morulae freshly collected from the donor mice. At the blastocyst stage, although most embryos showed the expected methylation patterns, with highly stained inner cell mass (ICM) and weekly stained trophectoderm (TE), a proportion of embryos were dimly stained in both ICM and TE. These results indicated that the methylation profile of the embryos could be changed by culturing in vitro when the embryos were in the transition from morulae to blastocyst.