MFI-type zeolite membrane on hollow fiber substrate for hydrogen separation

High performance MFI-type zeolite membranes on the outer surface of α-Al 2 O 3 hollow fibers were synthesized by secondary growth method using pure silica sol without an organic template. X-ray diffraction was used to characterize the phase structure of both the seed layer and zeolite membrane. The morphologies of the seed layer and zeolite membrane were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The zeolite membrane achieved an extraordinary H 2 /CO 2 separation factor of 10 with a high H 2 permeance of 5.56 10 -7 mol m -2 s -1 Pa -1 at 723 K.     

Phase field simulation of interatomic potentials for double phase competition during early stage precipitation

Phase field model was employed to study the variations of interatomic potentials of Ni 3 Al (L1 2 phase) and Ni 3 V (DO 22 phase) as a function of temperature and concentration. The long-range order (LRO) parameter related interatomic potentials equations formulated by Khachaturyan were utilized to establish the inversion equations for L1 2 and DO 22 phases, with which interatomic potentials could be calculated. The interatomic potentials of Ni-Al and Ni-V exhibited approximately linear increases and decreases, individually, with enhanced Al concentration. Substituting the inverted interatomic potentials into the microscopic phase field equations led to three cases of precipitation sequence: the DO 22 phase preceded L1 2 phase precipitating at the interatomic potentials of Ni-V > Ni-Al; the vice cases; and two phases precipitated simultaneously at interatomic potentials of Ni-V and Ni-Al were equal.     

Evaluation of humic acid removal by a flat submerged membrane photoreactor

A flat submerged membrane combined with a TiO 2 /UV photocatalytic reactor (FSMPR) was employed in batch mode to remove humic acid (HA). HA removal efficiency was characterized by UV 254 absorbance, UV-vis spectra, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration, specific UV absorbance (SUVA), and trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP). The FSMPR process was effective in removing more than 86% of DOC and nearly 100% of UV 254 absorbance, while the THMFPs of samples were reduced to < 19 μ g/L after 150 min of treatment. In addition, changes in transmembrane pressure (TMP) with and without UV were evaluated; TiO 2 /UV was effective at controlling membrane fouling by HA. Analysis of the molecular weight (MW) distributions and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectra of HAs revealed that the effectiveness in membrane fouling control is a result of changes in HA molecular characteristics. The TiO 2 /UV photocatalytic reactor caused the degradation of high MW, hydrophobic humic-like molecules to low MW, hydrophilic protein-like molecules, although this fraction was not completely removed during 150 min of treatment and was less responsible for membrane fouling.     

Coral reef ecosystems in the South China Sea as a source of atmospheric CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> in summer

Field measurements of air-sea CO2 exchange in three coral reef areas of the South China Sea (i.e. the Yongshu Reef atoll of the Nansha Islands, southern South China Sea (SCS); Yongxing Island of Xisha Islands, north-central SCS; and Luhuitou Fringing Reef in Sanya of Hainan Island, northern SCS) during the summers of 2008 and 2009 revealed that both air and surface seawater partial pressures of CO2 (pCO2) showed regular diurnal cycles. Minimum values occurred in the evening and maximum values in the morning. Air pCO2 in each of the three study areas showed small diurnal variations, while large diurnal variations were ob-served in seawater pCO2. The diurnal variation amplitude of seawater pCO2 was ~70 μmol mol–1 at the Yongshu Reef lagoon, 420–619 μmol mol–1 on the Yongxing Island reef flat, and 264–579 μmol mol–1 on the reef flat of the Luhuitou Fringing Reef, and 324–492 μmol mol–1 in an adjacent area just outside of this fringing reef. With respect to spatial relations, there were large differences in air-sea CO2 flux across the South China Sea (e.g. ~0.4 mmol CO2 m–2 d–1 at Yongshu Reef, ~4.7 mmol CO2 m–2 d–1 at Yongxing Island, and ~9.8 mmol CO2 m–2 d–1 at Luhuitou Fringing Reef). However, these positive values suggest that coral reef ecosystems of the SCS may be a net source of CO2 to the atmosphere. Additional analyses indicated that diurnal variations of surface seawater pCO2 in the shallow water reef flat are controlled mainly by biological metabolic processes, while those of deeper water lagoons and outer reef areas are regulated by both biological metabolism and hydrodynamic factors. Unlike the open ocean, inorganic metabolism plays a significant role in influencing seawater pCO2 variations in coral reef ecosystems.     

K2O对氧化物原料合成Al8B4C7的影响

采用硼砂、金属铝和碳粉为原料一步合成Al8B4C7.在合成过程中掺入不同含量的K2O,研究杂质K2O对合成Al8B4C7的影响.将原料混合均匀,在200MPa的压力下压制成φ20mm×20mm的圆柱型试样,将干燥后的试样在不同温度下的流动氩气气氛中进行合成.利用化学分析、XRD和SEM等分析测试技术,研究了K2O含量以及烧结温度对反应合成材料物相组成和显微结构的影响.结果表明:尽管加入不同含量的K2O,但其高温烧结反应后,若K2O的质量分数在0.019%～0.028%之间,就不出现含K的新相.K2O的加入不利于Al8B4C7的合成,它可将Al8B4C7的开始生成温度提升至1 400℃,而且1 700℃时,Al8B4C7含量较不加入K2O时明显减少.添加K2O合成的Al8B4C7为1μm左右大小的无规则小颗粒.     

维生素K2(20)的两相合成工艺及其营养剂量对增加骨密度的研究

 在以BF₃·OEt₂作催化剂及45~47℃的反应条件下,将大过量的2-甲基-1,4萘二酚循环与香叶基香叶醇(每次保持摩尔比为10:1)在CH₃NO₂-正己烷两相反应体系中进行Friedel-Crafts烷基化反应合成维生素K₂(20)的氢醌,再在催化量的FeCl₃·6H₂O作用下经空气氧化,以满意的收率及较高的化学选择性合成了维生素K₂(20) . 同时,利用去卵巢致大鼠骨质疏松模型,参考维生素K₂人体低端推荐摄入量(50μg/d)进行了动物实验剂量设计并进行了维生素K₂(20)增加骨密度的营养剂量的量效关系研究,结果表明:每天给药 25~100μg/(kg·d),均能防止去势大鼠的骨流失,使股骨中点及远心端骨密度明显增加(P<0.05),并呈现出相应的量效关系.研究为维生素K₂(20)的工业生产提供了可能的工艺,也为提高骨密度以预防骨质疏松的人体营养补充剂量(50~100μg/d)提供了可行性依据.     

Borel归约与Banach空间之间的有穷(M1/M2)嵌入

对一个可分的Banach空间X以及一个在0点满足△2条件的Orlicz函数M,考察了XN上的等价关系E(X,M):(x,y)∈E(X,M)(=)∑M(n∈N)(‖ y(n)-x(n)‖)＜∞,给出了E(X,M1)能够Borel归约到E(y,M2)的一个充分条件与一个必要条件.     

LiMn2O4单晶的充放电性能

为进行尖晶石LiMn2O4的改性优化,合成了大小为100~400 nm,呈八面体形貌的LiMn2O4尖晶石单晶,并采用XRD、SEMI、CP等方法进行了分析,旨在对该尖晶石单晶的充、放电性能进行表征.     

多信道认知网络的直观信道感知策略

为了提高频谱利用率,认知无线电技术可使非授权用户在不影响授权用户正常通信的情况下,利用瞬时的频谱空穴满足自身通信需求。如何通过感知频谱及时有效地发现频谱空穴是一个至关重要的问题,尤其是对于多信道认知无线电网络。针对多信道认知无线电网络,该文在连续时间Markov链的信道占用模型基础上,根据信道状态可能发生变化的概率,提出了一个动态的直观信道感知策略,并考虑了感知周期的影响。仿真结果表明:在感知周期合适的情况下,该策略能够有效地发现并利用频谱空穴,并且比周期感知和随机感知策略消耗更少的能量用于感知。     

废水处理中的TiO2光催化氧化技术

高级氧化技术是难降解有机废水的有效处理方法,介绍了TiO2光催化氧化技术的原理和特点,并对其在难降解有机废水中的应用以及研究方向方面做了综述.