地壳演化和变形的非线性动力学:1模型和数值模拟方法

综合考虑多因素和多过程间的耦合与反馈作用,建立了地壳演化与变形的综合的非线性动力学模型.通过建立岩石结构动力学将变形与岩性耦合起来;采用递增应力流变学方法将弹性、塑性、断裂变形结合并与流体和化学耦合起来.采用有限元和改进的Lagrangian方法求解动力学方程组,编写了模拟程序.应用该模型和程序可对不同尺度区域的地壳演化和变形的动力学过程进行1-3维数值模拟,并可应用于很多相关领域的研究.     

辽西中侏罗统海房沟组埃达克质岩的确认及地质意义

海房沟组火山岩是辽西中生代火山岩的重要成员，其岩石共生组合为粗安岩—安山岩—英安岩—粗面英安岩，属于高钾钙碱性—钙碱性火山岩系。火山岩主量元素、稀土元素和微量元素研究表明：海房沟组火山岩属埃达克质岩；这些火山岩的源岩较深，可能为古老的下地壳玄武质岩石部分熔融产物。海房沟组埃达克质岩的确认对探讨辽西地区火山岩浆起源、壳幔相互作用、中生代构造应力场的重大转换及大规模断陷盆地群的形成具有重要意义。     

鲁西地区太古界裂缝类型与发育规律

依据露头观测和成像测井数据,揭示鲁西地区太古界裂缝系统的成因及类型,将裂缝产状数据与区域构造背景结合分析,同时依据典型断裂-裂缝剖面的观测统计,对太古界构造裂缝的形成时期及发育规律进行剖析。结果表明:鲁西地区太古界裂缝系统主要由区域构造裂缝和局部构造裂缝组成;区域构造裂缝形成时期主要为中—新生代,其中低角度裂缝形成于印支期,高角度裂缝形成于燕山—喜山期;局部构造裂缝的发育虽不具有普遍性,但对局部地区太古界储集性能的改善意义重大;规模相近但力学性质不同的断裂对储层的改造程度和影响范围存在差异;压性断裂最好,压扭性断裂次之,张扭性断裂最差;断裂影响范围内裂缝面密度的显著增大主要表现为区域构造裂缝的加密或派生新的构造裂缝,新生裂缝通常与断裂平行或小角度斜交。     

漳州地区岩石放射性地球化学特征及岩石圈热结构

 对漳州地区的地表和钻孔岩石进行了岩石密度、放射性生热元素含量和岩石导热率测试。结果显示,岩石密度的平均值在2.60 g/cm³左右,与世界范围内花岗岩的密度平均值一致;花岗岩放射性生热率的平均值为3.7 μW/m³,高于中酸性火山岩和基性岩脉等其他类型岩石的放射性生热率值,热贡献率主要来自Th 和U 的放射性衰变热。研究区岩石导热率的平均值为2.83 W/mK,接近世界范围内上地壳岩石的平均值。结合前人地质学、地球物理学和地热学研究成果,认为地幔对地表热流贡献率要高于地壳,漳州地区为典型的“冷壳热幔”型岩石圈热结构。     

不同演替序列的藻结皮净光合速率日变化特征

研究了腾格里沙漠东南缘自然植被区,51龄和27龄人工植被区藻结皮的净光合速率(P_n)在春季和夏季的变化特征,并同步测定了藻结皮的Chla含量.结果表明:三个植被区Chla差异显著(P0.05),依次为51龄(1.84 mg/cm~2)27龄(1.23 mg/cm~2)自然植被区(0.74 mg/cm~2);藻结皮的P_n为0.55～2.8μmol/(m~2·s).春季三个植被区藻结皮的P_n呈单峰型,峰值出现在11:00,自然植被区、51龄和27龄植被区藻结皮的P_n分别为1.77,2.7,2.0μmol/(m~2·s).夏季三个植被区藻结皮的P_n呈双峰型,双峰分别出现在11:00,17:00.11:00时,自然植被区、51龄和27龄植被区藻结皮的P_n为2,2.8,2.2μmol/(m~2·s),17:00时P_n分别为1.8,2.3,1.6μmol/(m~2·s).在两个季节,51龄藻结皮的净光合速率均显著高于27龄和自然植被区的.     

A deep seismic sounding profile across the Tianshan Mountains

The deep seismic sounding profile across the Tianshan Mountains revealed a two-layer crustal structure in the Tianshregion, namely the lower and upper crusts. Lateral variations of layer velocity and thickness are evidently shown. Low-velocity layers spread discontinuously at the bottom of the upper crust. The Moho depth is 47 km in the Kuytun area and 50 km in the Xayar area. In the Tianshan Mountains, the Moho becomes deeper with the maximum depth of 62 km around the boundary between the southern and northern Tianshan Mountains. The average velocity ranges from 6.1 to 6.3 km/s in the crust and 8.15 km/s at the top of the upper mantle. Two groups of reliable reflective seismic phases of the Moho (Pm1 and Pm2) are recognized on the shot record section of the Kuytun area. A staked and offset region, 20-30 km long, is displayed within a shot-geophone distance of 190-210 km in Pm1 and Pm2. Calculation shows that the Moho is offset by 10 km in the northern Tianshan region, 62 km deep in the south while 52 km deep in the north, and plunges northwards. In comparison with typical collisional orogenic belts, the structure of the Moho beneath the Tianshan Mountains presents a similar pattern. This can be used to explain the subduction of the Tarim plate towards the Tianshan Mountains. This intracontinental subduction is considered the dynamic mechanism of the Cenozoic uplifting of the Tianshan Mountains. The discovery of seismic phases Pm1 and Pm2 serves as the seismological evidence for the northward subduction of the Tarim plate.     

Adakite-type sodium-rich rocks in Awulale Mountain of west Tianshan: Significance for the vertical growth of continental crust

The sodium-rich dacites and albite porphyries of Permian in the Awulale Mountain of west Tianshan have unique chemical and trace element signatures identical to adakite. These intermediate-acidic igneous rocks are characterized by high Na2O, Al₂O₃ and Sr contents and high Sr/Y and La/Y ratios (＞40 and ＞20, respectively), and low Y and Yb contents, and strong depletion in HREE, and positive Eu anomaly. The (^{143Nd/₁₄₄Nd)_i} is in the range from 0.51236 to 0.51248 and the e_Nd(t) is positive value (+0.79—+3.11); the (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)^_i is in the range from 0.7052 to 0.7054. These Nd and Sr isotopic composition features indicate that the source rocks of these adakite-type rocks are from a weakly depleted mantle, or a depleted mantle, but was contaminated by the crustal materials. These adakite-type rocks were most likely derived from the partial melting of new underplated basaltic rocks under the conditions of amphibolite to eclogite transition in the postcollisional environment of North Xinjiang during the Permian Period. They are not only the Phanerozoic juvenile crust materials, but also are probably animportant symbol of the underplating of mantle- derived basaltic magmas and the vertical growth of continental crust in the west Tianshan area during the postcollision of Late Paleozoic.     

Surveying of the deformed terraces and crust shortening rate in the northwestern Tarim Basin

Relief surveying and chronology study were carried out on the deformed river terraces across the Artushi anticline belt in the northwestern Tarim Basin. The crust shortening rate of this anticline belt since late Pleistocene was calculated to be up to 5—6 mm/a. The total crust shortening rate from the northwestern Tarim Basin to southwestern Tianshan since late Pleistocene was estimated to be over 10 mm/a.     

Discovery of mantle and lower crust xenoliths from early Cretaceous volcanic rocks of southwestern Tianshan, Xinjiang

In Tuoyun area of southwestern Tianshan, mantle and lower crust xenoliths are present in the volcanic rocks with ages of 101–123 Ma. Mantle xenoliths include mineral megacrysts such as kaersutite and pargasite, feldspar, biotite, and rare pyroxene and rock fragments such as perodotite, pyroxenite, amphibolite, and rare glimmerite. Lower crust xeno-liths are mainly banded and massive granulite. The volcanic rocks were produced by within-plate magmatism. Occurrence of hydrous and volatile mineral megacrysts, amphibolite, and some pyroxenite containing hydrous and volatile minerals indicates that mantle metasomatism was intense. Undoubtedly, this discovery is very important to understanding of the crust-mantle structure and geodynamic background in depth in southwestern Tianshan and geological correlation with adjacent regions.