An in situ zircon Hf isotopic,U-Pb age and trace element study of banded granulite xenolith from Hannuoba basalt： Tracking the early evolution of the lower crust in the North China craton

Backscattered electron images, in situ Hf isotopes, U-Pb ages and trace elements of zircons in a banded granulite xenolith from Hannuoba basalt have been studied. The results show that the banded granulite is a sample derived from the early lower crust of the North China craton. It is difficult to explain the petrogenesis of the xenolith with a single process. Abundant information on several processes, however, is contained in the granulite. These processes in-clude the addition of mantle material, crustal remelting, metamorphic differentiation and the delamination of early lower crust. About 80% of zircons studied yield ages of 1842 ±40 Ma, except few ages of 3097-2824 Ma and 2489-2447 Ma. The zircons with ages older than 2447 Ma have high εHf (up to +18.3) and high Hf model age (2.5-2.6 Ga), indicating that the primitive materials of the granulite were derived mainly from a depleted mantle source in late Archean. Most εhf of the zircons with early Proterozoic U-Pb age vary around zero, but two have     

Petrology, geochemistry and geodynamics of basic granulite from the Altay area, North Xinjiang, China

The basic granulite of the Altay orogenic belt occurs as tectonic lens in the Devonian medium- to lower-grade metamorphic beds through fault contact. The Altay granulite (AG) is an amphibole plagioclase two-pyroxene granulite and is mainly composed of two pyroxenes, plagioclase, amphibole and biotite. Its melano-minerals are rich in Mg/(Mg Fe^2 ),and its amphibole and biotite are rich in TiO2. The AG is rich in Mg/(Mg Fe^2 ), Al2O3 and depletion of U, Th and Rbcontents. The AG has moderate ∑REE and LREE-enriched with weak positive Eu anomaly. The AG shows island-arc pattern with negative Nb, P and Ti anomalies, reflecting that formation of the AG may be associated with subduction. Geochemical and mineral composition data reflect that the protolith of the AG is calc-alkaline basalt and formed by granulite facies metamorphism having peak P-T conditions of 750℃-780℃ and 0.6-0.7 Gpa. The AG formation underwent two stages was suggested. In the early stage of oceanic crustal subduction, calc-alkaline basalt with island-arc environment underwent granulite facies metamorphism to form the AG in deep crust, and in the late stage, the AG was thrust into the upper crust.     

南海北部地壳结构的深地震探测和研究新进展

南海是西太平洋最大的边缘海之一,其北部具有被动大陆边缘特征.深部地壳结构的研究对深入认识南海北部边缘的构造属性、演化历史、含油气盆地的形成过程,以及南海成因具有十分重要的意义.南海北部地壳结构的深地震探测经历了声纳浮标、双船扩展剖面和海底地震仪几个阶段,声纳浮标探测了解到上地壳的结构特征,双船扩展剖面首次获得了地壳结构和莫霍面起伏的情况,海底地震仪探测则得到了详细的地壳结构模型.文中回顾了这些深地震探测和研究的历史,介绍和总结了最新的研究进展和重要成果,并提出存在的问题和今后工作的建议.     

南海西部陆源沉积粒度组成的控制动力及其反映的东亚季风演化

通过对南海西部越南岸外MD05-2901孔的有孔虫氧同位素测定, 建立了450 ka以来高分辨率的年代地层. 结合沉积物的密度、孔隙率和陆源碎屑含量, 计算了陆源碎屑的堆积速率, 结果显示在间冰期时堆积速率的平均值为4.9~6.0 g/(cm²·ka), 高于冰期的1.9~5.0 g/(cm²·ka), 与发表过的南海南、北部冰期高于间冰期的特点明显不同. 对陆源沉积物的粒度分布进行主成分因子分析, 获得了两个主控因子F1和F2, 它们控制了陆源沉积近80%的粒度变化特征. 对F1敏感的1.26~2.66 μm%¹⁾和10.8~14.3 μm%呈现高频的波动, 和北半球低纬夏季太阳辐射量吻合很好, 显示23 ka的岁差周期和13 ka的半岁差周期. 对F2敏感的4.24~7.42 μm%和30.1~43.7 μm%, 则显示强烈的100 ka的偏心率周期. 本区的陆源沉积物来源于南海西南和北部2个地区, 在动力上则分别由夏季风和冬季风驱动的不同方向的洋流搬运. 研究认为, 晚第四纪以来东亚夏季风受控于低纬区的夏季日射量的变化, 而冬季风主要受高纬冰盖变化驱动, 呈冰期/间冰期旋回尺度的波动, 这反映了东亚季风演化的双重驱动机制.     

南海三维变分海洋同化模式及其验证

基于Princeton Ocena Model(POM)建立了一个南海三维变分海洋同化模式,该模式主要用于卫星遥感高度计沿轨资料同化,考虑了每条轨道上的误差相关性,并且引入递归滤波优化运算.采用1998年春季和夏季、2000年夏季3个航次温盐资料对这个系统进行评估表明,相对于未同化的模式模拟结果,无论对温盐异常年份还是正常年份,该系统的温盐均方根误差和偏差都显著减小,误差结构更符合正态分布.特别是在盐度场上能重现南海由于降水和径流所造成的淡水盖,该系统也能将海表动力高度信息有效传递进模式次表层;温盐资料验证各航次评估结果差别不大,表明该同化系统性能是稳定的.     

南海北部大陆架海洋生态系统Ecopath模型的应用与分析

过度捕捞和环境恶化导致渔业资源和海洋生态系统逆向发展。采用EwE5.1软件,对南海北部大陆架建立Ecopath(生态通道模型)模型。通过各级流量、生物量、生产量、捕捞量、系统总流量以及生态位和混和营养效应等方面的分析,得出营养流通主要有2种途径,肉食鱼类间饵料竞争非常激烈,低值鱼类间具相似的捕食压力,顶级捕食者对大部分鱼类负效应不明显。系统受过度捕捞渔业影响很大,并存在营养级I利用效率低和渔业资源小型化、低值化等不稳定的幼态特征。     

中全新世（5400aBP）亚洲季风气候季节性与年际变率的南海珊瑚氧同位素记录

对现代珊瑚的氧同位素组成的季节与年际变化研究业已表明,海南岛东岸现代珊瑚氧同位素组成在冬季主要受表层海温控制,而在夏季则主要受夏季风降水决定的表层海水盐度影响.基于这一联系,本研究在高精度铀系测年基础上对中全新世滨珊瑚40a的同位素分析结果表明,5400a前的全新世中期滨珊瑚的δ18O值相对于现代升高了0.613‰(相当于11%),指示着海水δ18O值和盐度相对于现代的升高程度,可能主要与南海和太平洋水体交换强度增加所导致的盐度增大有关;结果同时显示,δ18O值的季节性幅度相对于现代增加了0.535‰(相当于33%),可能主要由冬季海水δ18O值升高引起,这一变化也与中全新世日照相对于现代的季节幅度增加相一致,分析认为日照增加引起的蒸发量增加和太平洋海水交换加强可能是根本原因.重建的冬夏季风代用指标的结果显示,中全新世冬夏季风的年际变率相对于现代都有所增加;谱分析结果揭示出冬季风年代尺度波动和夏季风约3a周期的存在,这些周期仍位于ENSO对季节变化的周期之内.     

Benthic foraminiferal fauna turnover at 2.1 Ma in the northern South China Sea

Quantitative analysis of benthic foraminifera from ODP Site 1146 in the northern South China Sea (SCS) shows that abundance of Bulimina alazanensis, sometimes up to about 90%, decreased gradually since 3.2 Ma, especially at 2.1 Ma. Abundance of other benthic foraminiferal species, Globobulimina sub-globosa and Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi, increased after 2.1 Ma. Comparison with changes in oxygen and carbon isotopes of planktonic and benthic foraminifera shows that high abundance values of B. alazanensis corresponded with lower values of oxygen isotope, but for carbon isotope, high values of the species were consistent with heavier carbon isotope of benthic foraminifera and lighter carbon isotope of planktonic foraminifera, respectively, and vice versa. Considering factors such as uplift of Bashi Strait, expansion of the North Hemisphere Glaciation, strengthening of East Asian winter mon-soon and variations in oxygen and carbon isotope of foraminifera, changes of B. alazanensis in ODP Site 1146 suggest that the source of deep water masses of the northern South China Sea changed from the warm Pacific deep water with high oxygen content to Pacific Intermediate water with low oxygen content at 2.1 Ma. In addition, the strengthened East Asian winter monsoon resulted in increased pri-mary productivity, high nutrient and suboxic bottom water. Variations in species of B. alazanensis seemed to be unable to tolerate environmental stress induced by deep water masses and productivity changes.     

Clay minerals in surface sediments of the Pearl River drainage basin and their contribution to the South China Sea

Clay minerals have played a significant role in the study of the East Asian monsoon evolution in the South China Sea by being able to track oceanic current variations and to reveal contemporaneous paleoclimaUc changes prevailing in continental source areas. As one of the most important rivers inputting terrigenous matters to the northern South China Sea, the Pearl River was not previously paid attention to from the viewpoint of clay mineralogy. This paper presents a detailed study on clay minerals in surface sediments collected from the Pearl River drainage basin （including all three main channels, various branches, and the Lingdingyang in the estuary） by using the X-ray diffraction （XRD） method. The results indicate that the clay mineral assemblage consists dominantly of kaolinite （35%-65%）, lesser abundance of chlorite （20%-35%） and illite （12%-42%）, and very scare smectite occurrences （generally 〈5%）. Their respective distribution does not present any obvious difference throughout the Pearl River drainage basin. However, downstream the Pearl River to the northern South China Sea, the clay mineral assemblage varies significantly： kaolinite decreases gradually, smecUte and illite increase gradually. Additionally, illite chemistry index steps down and illite crystallinity steps up. These variations indicate the contribution of major kaolinite, lesser illite and chlorite, and very scarce smecUte to the northern South China Sea from the Pearl River drainage basin. The maximum contribution of clay minerals from the Pearl River is 72% to the northern margin and only 15% to the northern slope of the South China Sea. In both glacials and interglacials, kaolinite indicates that the ability of mechanical erosion occurred in the Pearl River drainage basin.     

Coupling and propagating of mesoscale sea level variability between the western Pacific and the South China Sea

The coupling and propagating features of mesoscale sea level variability between the western Pacific (WP) and the South China Sea (SCS) were studied based on time series analyses of satellite altimeter measured, along-track sea surface height anomalies (SSHA) along 21°N and the slope of the northern SCS. The analyses show that mesoscale sea level fluctuations in the WP have rather limited coherent effects on the SCS, and no statistically significant propagation of mesoscale variability through the Luzon Strait was observed except in the 45-day band. Evidence suggests that the 45-day fluctuation is very much likely a character of the Kuroshio originating from its low-latitude beginning. It is also sug- gested that the westward propagating Rossby waves will deform when they encounter the dynamical barrier of the Kuroshio. The Kuroshio will then acts on the SCS in its own way. The SCS is a relatively isolated system in the sense of coupling and propagating of oceanic mesoscale waves.