电喷汽油机燃用大比例含水乙醇汽油的试验

在一台JL368Q双燃料多点电喷发动机上进行台架试验,对比分析了3种含水乙醇汽油(E15W、E30W、E50W)的动力性、经济性和排放特性.结果表明:在汽油机结构及参数未做任何调整下,低速时,含水乙醇汽油的转距、功率和93#汽油基本相当,随着转速增大,E15W、E50W略低于93#汽油,E30W仍和汽油基本相当;油耗率E15W比汽油低大约0.35%,随着含醇量的增大,油耗率逐渐升高;3种乙醇汽油的NOx排放均略高于93#汽油,但CO的排放都低于93#汽油,E30W的CO排放在整个测试区间最优.随着含醇量的增加,HC排放能得到不断的改善.     

白垩纪若干重大地质事件的耗散结构分析

应用耗散结构理论对白垩纪若干重大地质事件进行了分析,认为海底火山作用的发生和演化是一个动力学过程,海底火山的非平衡定态失稳是在非平衡态下宏观体系的自组织现象具体表现;大洋缺氧事件发生是同位素的共生组合、赋存状态和分散状态在特定条件下开放地球化学系统所处的非平衡定态的质和量的局域扰动触发定态失稳的结果;超静磁带事件意味着地球核幔相互作用和外核流体运动可能处于能量最低的状态,地球磁场系统通过不断地与外界交换物质和能量,维持一种空间或时间的有序结构.这种结构为系统发生能量耗散所致.     

GWC6066船用齿轮箱振动噪声分析及试验

采用弹簧单元模拟轮齿啮合刚度,杆单元模拟箱体间的联结螺栓,弹簧阻尼单元模拟滑动轴承和滚动轴承,建立由齿轮、传动轴、轴承和箱体等组成的GWC6066船用齿轮箱动态有限元分析模型及声学边界元模型;分析了齿轮箱在内部动态激励下的动态响应,预估了齿轮箱的振动烈度、结构噪声及空气噪声,并对齿轮箱进行实验模态分析及振动噪声测试,与仿真结果对比分析,二者吻合良好。     

Evaluation of humic acid removal by a flat submerged membrane photoreactor

A flat submerged membrane combined with a TiO 2 /UV photocatalytic reactor (FSMPR) was employed in batch mode to remove humic acid (HA). HA removal efficiency was characterized by UV 254 absorbance, UV-vis spectra, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration, specific UV absorbance (SUVA), and trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP). The FSMPR process was effective in removing more than 86% of DOC and nearly 100% of UV 254 absorbance, while the THMFPs of samples were reduced to < 19 μ g/L after 150 min of treatment. In addition, changes in transmembrane pressure (TMP) with and without UV were evaluated; TiO 2 /UV was effective at controlling membrane fouling by HA. Analysis of the molecular weight (MW) distributions and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectra of HAs revealed that the effectiveness in membrane fouling control is a result of changes in HA molecular characteristics. The TiO 2 /UV photocatalytic reactor caused the degradation of high MW, hydrophobic humic-like molecules to low MW, hydrophilic protein-like molecules, although this fraction was not completely removed during 150 min of treatment and was less responsible for membrane fouling.     

Emission inventories of primary particles and pollutant gases for China

Detailed high-resolution emission inventories of primary particles(PM2.5,BC and OC) and pollutant gases(SO2,NOx,NH3,CO and VOCs) for China in 2007 were constructed on the basis of the latest fuel consumption data,mostly at the county level,and from socio-economic statistics and data on fossil and biomass fuels obtained from government agencies.New emission factors reflecting local features were also used.The calculated emissions were 13.212 Mt PM2.5,1.4 Mt BC,2.946 Mt OC,31.584 Mt SO2,23.248 Mt NOx,16.017 Mt NH3,164.856 Mt CO and 35.464 Mt VOCs.The national and regional emissions were gridded with 0.5°× 0.5° resolution for use in air quality models.Larger emissions were found in eastern and central China than in western China.The emissions estimated here are roughly equal to those obtained in previous studies,but with different contributions from because of seasonal changes in residential heating and biomass combustion.Finally,uncertainties in inventories were analyzed.     

基于扫描电子显微镜的单根一维纳米材料原位场发射性能研究

基于扫描电子显微镜和纳米探针技术,展示了一维纳米材料原位场发射的测量方法和实例。实验以钨针尖为接收极,纳米材料为发射极,通过结合扫描电子显微镜的实时成像功能,纳米探针的精确操纵及电学测量技术以及激光辐照功能,系统研究了极间距离D、形貌变化、吸附气体和激光注入对单根多壁碳纳米管和氧化锌纳米线场发射性能的影响。结果表明,当D远小于纳米材料长度L的3倍时,D越小,开启场强和阈值场强越大,场发射性能越弱。此外,纳米线尖端曲率半径越大,场增强因子越小,场发射性能越弱。研究还发现O2的脱附和激光辐照有助于纳米材料场发射性能的提高。     

温室气体稳定目标下部门减排责任分解方法

为了探讨气候变化背景下温室气体排放权分摊机制这一研究难点,综述了温室气体减排责任分解方法的研究现状,遵循"共同但有区别的责任"思想并利用WRE稳定性廓线和IEA/SMP交通模型,开发了SMP-WRE模型。应用该模型建立了一种产业部门具体减排责任的分解方法,并以中国轻型车部门为例,展示了该方法的实现过程。结果表明:全球轻型车的基准排放是目标排放的2~4倍,说明轻型车部门实现450×10-6和550×10-6的CO2稳定水平难度很大。目标分解后的地区排放变化率欧美国家较小、中国较大,原因是欧美汽车市场规模饱和,而中国汽车正爆发式增加,排放增加不可避免。     

厚圆盘基频振动声场指向性

 指向性是描述声场特性的一个重要指标.因中厚盘弯曲振动的解析解难以得到,数值计算了3种边界条件下弯振厚圆盘基频振动下的辐射声场指向性.计算结果表明,对几何尺寸相同的厚圆盘,在基频振动模式下,固定边界下弯振厚圆盘辐射声场指向性最尖锐,简支居中,自由边界盘的辐射声场只有旁瓣,没有主瓣,指向性不好.与线度相同的薄圆盘相比,厚圆盘的指向性更加尖锐.     

CO2排放约束下的广东省电力发展研究

为应对气候变化,我国承诺到2020年将单位GDP的CO2排放比2005年降低40 %～45%,广东省也有必要采取相应的减排措施.为此构建了广东省电力系统的能源技术模型以分析广东省电力的CO2排放和减排对策.应用模型分析了在三种减排约束下广东省至2020年电力的发展情景,以及相应的能源消费和CO2排放趋势.分析结果显示广东省电力部门至2020年合理的CO2减排目标可在将单位供电的CO2排放比2005年降低25%左右,主要减排措施包括:继续发展核电,核电装机的比例由2007年的5.8%提高到20%左右;关停200 MW以下小火电约8 000 MW;大力发展风电,风电装机比例由2007年的0.4%提高到10%以上;此外,还需适当发展天然气发电.     

10-羟基苯并喹啉锂配合物电子结构和光谱性质的理论研究

采用B3LYP和abinitio CIS方法在6-31G(d,p)水平上对10-羟基苯并喹啉锂配合物(LiBQ配合物)的基态和激发态的几何构型进行全优化.在基态和激发态的优化构型的基础上采用含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)的PCM模型计算配合物的吸收和发射光谱.计算得到的最大吸收和最大发射都是由于配体内电荷转移(ILCT)所致.计算结果表明配合物(LiBQ)是一种良好的发射蓝光的金属有机电致发光材料.