具有振荡边界热源的两类融化问题的数值研究

构造定时间步长的有限差分方法求解具有周期振荡热源的球型和柱型两类融化问题,对融化过程中移动界面的运动和液态介质内温度场的变化进行数值模拟,并分析Stefan数、热源周期振荡的振幅和频率对移动界面运动和温度场分布的影响。数值实验结果表明,Stefan数对于移动界面的运动和温度场的变化会产生非常大的影响,而边界热源周期性的振荡对移动界面的运动会随着相变区域的增大而不断减弱。该问题的数值模拟为工程实践中的相变传热问题提供重要的理论参考。     

常用PVC桌面装饰材料燃烧热释放速率实验

 火灾中,各类装饰材料成为助燃物引发更大灾情,其燃烧后释放的有毒烟气也是造成人员伤亡的主要原因.本实验基于标准ISO 9705 小尺寸热释放速率实验台,利用耗氧原理分别测量厚度为1、2 和3 mm 的聚氯乙烯(PVC)桌面装饰材料试样的热释放速率,分析燃烧特性.实验结果显示,边长为30 cm 的矩形试样能被2 mL 的正庚烷引燃,燃烧的最高温度大于800℃;不同试样的热释放速率最大值随着厚度的增加而减少,分别为5.82、4.41 和2.83 kW/s,但是热释放速率总值呈递增趋势;随着试样厚度的增加,引燃的时间推迟,即引燃的难度增大;材料燃烧过程中释放大量黑烟和刺鼻的气味.     

Morphology,size and distribution of MnS inclusions in non-quenched and tempered steel during heat treatment

This article reports the morphology, size, and distribution evolution of MnS inclusions in non-quenched and tempered steel during heat treatment. The variation of single large-sized MnS inclusions at high temperature was observed in situ using a confocal scanning laser microscope (CSLM). The slender MnS inclusions first changed to pearl-like strings. These small-sized pearls subsequently coalesced and became closer together as the temperature increased. Large-sized MnS inclusions in non-quenched and tempered steel samples with different thermal histories were investigated with respect to the evolution of their morphology, size, and distribution. After 30 min of ovulation at 1573 K, the percentage of MnS inclusions larger than 3 μm decreased from 50.5% to 3.0%. After a 3 h soaking period, Ostwald ripening occurred. Most MnS inclusions moved from the grain boundaries to the interior. The present study demonstrates that heat treatment is an effective method of changing the morphology, size, and distribution of MnS inclusions, especially large-sized ones.     

Titanium effect on the microstructure and properties of laminated high boron steel plates

High-boron steel is an important material used for thermal neutron shielding. The appropriate amount of added boron must be determined because excessive boron may deteriorate the steel's workability. A uniform microstructure can be formed by adding titanium to boron steel. In this study, casting and hot rolling were used to fabricate laminated high-boron steel plates whose cores contained 2.25wt% boron and 0wt%-7.9wt% titanium. The effects of titanium content and hot-rolling and heat-treatment processes on the microstructure and properties of the laminated plates were studied. The results indicated that the optimum titanium content was 5.7wt% when the boron content was 2.25wt%, and that the best overall properties were obtained after heat treatment at 1100℃ for 4 h. The tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation at the specified temperature and holding time were as high as 526.88 MPa, 219.36 MPa, and 29%, respectively.     

干热岩水力压裂实验室模拟研究

 地壳中干热岩所蕴含的地热能量巨大,已成为世界各国重点研究开发的新能源。干热岩资源开发的增强型地热工程的场地试验研究投资大、周期长、风险大,在现场压裂和人工热储层建造示范工程前,实施干热岩水力压裂实验室研究很有必要。为此,吉林大学深部地热和干热岩研究团队建设了大尺寸高温高压下干热岩水力压裂实验室模拟系统,为现场压裂工艺设计和储层改造提供参数和技术支持。本文介绍模拟系统的实验设备、实验条件和初步的实验研究成果。     

中国干热岩资源主要赋存类型与成因模式

 干热岩资源作为地热资源重要的组成部分,以其清洁、稳定、可再生的资源优势及巨大的高温发电潜力,越来越受到关注。中国自20 世纪90 年代开始对干热岩资源进行调查研究,并在不同地质背景条件预测或勘查到干热岩资源,然而至今仍未对干热岩资源的赋存形式进行分类及开展干热岩资源成因机制研究,阻碍了中国干热岩资源的调查与精细潜力评价。在阐述干热岩资源赋存的指标参数的基础上,通过对国内外已发现干热岩资源的成因模式分析,结合中国地壳结构背景,将中国干热岩资源的赋存类型分为高放射性产热型、沉积盆地型、近代火山型和强烈构造活动带型。并在此基础上研究了不同类型干热岩资源的成因机制,比较不同类型干热岩资源成因机制之间的差别,提出干热岩资源赋存的有利前景区。     

全球地形影响大气和海洋经圈环流的耦合模式研究

利用气候系统模式(CESM1.0)研究陆地地形改变对大气?海洋经圈环流的影响。模式首先给出真实海陆分布及陆地地形情况下的大气?海洋气候态, 然后给出平板陆地情况下(陆地海拔均匀10 m)的气候态。与真实世界相比, 平板陆地情形下大气?海洋经圈环流发生重大改变: 首先, 年平均大气对流中心南移到赤道附近, 使得大气哈德雷环流相对于赤道对称; 其次, 海洋的经向翻转流变强, 大西洋经向翻转流完全消失, 取而代之的是在太平洋出现强大的经向翻转流及热盐环流。在平板陆地情形下, 北半球中高纬度大气抬升减弱, 向北的大气热量输送减少, 北半球温度降低, 大气对流中心因而向赤道迁移; 同时, 海洋向极地的热量输送也减弱, 中高纬度海洋变冷, 北太平洋海水密度增加很多, 北大西洋海水密度降低, 导致海洋经向翻转流从大西洋转移到太平洋。     

平翅片板翅换热器在混合热边界条件下的传热特性

采用数值模拟的方法研究了板翅式换热器平翅片在混合热边界条件下的传热特性,得到了雷诺数Re=400和Re=1 000的层流流动中,混合热边界条件下的翅片流道的局部努塞尔数和平均努塞尔数沿无量纲轴向距离的分布,并与相同雷诺数下等壁温和等热流边界条件结果进行对比.结果表明:混合热边界条件的平均努塞尔数比等壁温计算条件下平均努塞尔数高出3%~4%,比等热流计算条件下平均努塞尔数低26%~27%.因此在此类换热器传热性能设计时应采用等壁温条件的关联式.     

On-line spheroidization process of medium-carbon low-alloyed cold heading steel

Conventionally manufactured 35CrMo cold heading steel must undergo spheroidization annealing before the cold heading process. In this paper, different types of deformation processes with various controlled cooling periods were operated to achieve on-line spheroidal cementite using the Gleeble-3500 simulation technique. According to the measured dynamic ferrite transformation temperature (A_d3), the deformation could be divided into two types: low temperature deformation at 810 and 780℃; “deformation-induced ferrite transformation” (DIFT) deformation at 750 and 720℃. Compared with the low temperature deformation, the DIFT deformation followed by accelerated cooling to 680℃ is beneficial for the formation of spheroidal cementite. Samples subjected to both the low-temperature deformation and DIFT deformation can obtain granular bainite by accelerated cooling to 640℃; the latter may contribute to the formation of a fine dispersion of secondary constituents. Granular bainite can transform into globular pearlite rapidly during subcritical annealing, and the more the disperse phase, the more homogeneously distributed globular cementite can be obtained.     

Preparation of high-strength Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Fe alloy via heat treatment and rolling

An Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Fe alloy was solid-solution treated at 560°C for 3 h and then cooled by water quenching or furnace cooling. The alloy samples which underwent cooling by these two methods were rolled at different temperatures. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the rolled alloys were investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and tensile testing. For the water-quenched alloys, the peak tensile strength and elongation occurred at a rolling temperature of 180°C. For the furnace-cooled alloys, the tensile strength decreased initially, until the rolling temperature of 420°C, and then increased; the elongation increased consistently with increasing rolling temperature. The effects of grain boundary hardening and dislocation hardening on the mechanical properties of these rolled alloys decreased with increases in rolling temperature. The mechanical properties of the 180°C rolling water-quenched alloy were also improved by the presence of β″ phase. Above 420°C, the effect of solid-solution hardening on the mechanical properties of the rolled alloys increased with increases in rolling temperature.