Optimal policy with a total order quantity commitment contract in the presence of a spot market

In this paper,the optimal policy is considered when the buyer faces two supply sources:one is the contract supplier from which the buyer orders over a specific contract period(say,a year) at a pre-agreed price,and the other is the spot market.However,when ordering from the contract supplier,the buyer must fulfill a pre-determined total order quantity,or the so-called definite total order quantity commitment,over the whole contract period.In other words,the commitment secures the buyer a fixed price but obliges him/her a total order quantity over the contract period.Although the spot market gives the buyer more flexibility in terms of order quantities,its prices are volatile.Such a combination of contract and spot procurements is often observed in practice.Within the contract period,there are multiple sub-periods,during each of which the buyer reviews the inventory,issues an individual order,and uses the on-hand inventory to meet the random demand.Thus,in each(ordering) period,the buyer will weigh between the current known spot price(by procuring from the spot market) and a lower future price(by waiting while consuming the remaining commitment).An optimal dual ordering policy is characterized for each period,depending on the on-hand inventory level,the spot price,and the remaining commitment quantity.The optimal policy in each period is also shown to be independent of the contract price.Through a numerical study,the inventory cost is demonstrated to be(1) insensitive to the contract price when the total commitment quantity is lower than the total expected demand over the contract period and(2) non-increasing in the variability of spot prices.     

Upwind finite volume element methods for one-dimensional semiconductor device

A fully discrete implicit Euler upwind finite volume element method is derived and studied for one-dimensional semiconductor device. Upwind scheme is introduced to deal with the convection-dominated diffusion equations in the semiconductor model. With different time steps for the electrostatic potential and the other unknown quantities, the computational procedure of the method is obtained. The local mass conservation laws are preserved under the framework of the upwind finite volume element schemes. A first-order accuracy in the L ²-norm is proved. Numerical experiments are given to validate the usefulness and efficiency of the method.     

浅谈高层住宅防渗漏施工技术

如何克服高层住宅楼渗漏的质量通病是建筑工程实践和理论界的重大课题.在近几年的高层住宅楼工程施工过程中,建筑工程管理者和技术工作人员高度重视了高层住宅楼工程质量通病的预防,完善和推广了科学有效的高层住宅楼工程防渗漏施工技术措施.本文从高层住宅楼外墙面、外墙窗口、厨房、卫生间及地下室的高层住宅楼工程防渗漏施工完整技术体系入手,介绍了较为有效的控制高层住宅楼工程防渗漏的施工技术措施.     

Single-Chain Fragmented Antibodies Guided SiRNA Delivery in Breast Cancer

Over the past ten years,the enthusiasm to harness small RNA molecules,mainly small interfering RNAs(siRNAs) and microRNA mimics,into therapeutic weapons has never been quenched.However,a major obstacle hindering the clinical application of these small molecules is how to efficiently and precisely deliver siRNAs in vivo into target cells to silence target genes.An international collaborative study led by Song Erwei from the Memorial Hospital of Sun-YatSen University and Wang Jun from Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences of University of Science and Tech-     

国家图书馆基藏书库分类排架创新方法的实证研究

讨论了与分类排架相关的倒架、文献增长预测方法、搁板间距确定、书库容书量等问题,介绍了创新型分类排架方法,即通过记录和考察各类目藏书总厚度的增长数据,精确预算预留书架空位,各文种藏书统归为一个序列,构建国家图书馆基藏书库科学的藏书排架体系,其过程包括3个程序:一是测量各类目图书所占搁板长度及预测其增长率,对书库重新规划布局;二是同类书按书型调整搁板间距,重新排架;三是增加架位号书标并录入到OPAC系统中。     

基于绿灯时间等饱和度的离线Q学习配时优化模型

首先对传统的绿灯时间等饱和度概念进行了扩展,提出了分级绿灯时间等饱和度。在此基础上,针对分级绿灯时间等饱和度目标,构造了奖赏函数,建立了定周期和变周期两种模式下的四种离线Q学习配时优化模型。相对于在线Q学习模型,离线Q学习模型更适合交叉口信号配时优化,变周期模式的离线Q学习模型可以获得解的结构、最优解的分布,这是传统配时理论不具备的。算例结果表明,定周期模式下最优解是唯一的。变周期模式下最优解是不唯一的,呈带状,奖赏分级模型比奖赏不分级的最优解更加集中。     

豫南大别山区不同海拔高度茶树主要品质成分变化

采用生化分析和高效液相色谱法,分析了豫南大别山区不同海拔高度茶树的主要成分。结果表明,其主要品质成分的含量为:水浸出物44.52%~46.99%(质量分数,以下同),茶多酚25.49%~30.03%,儿茶素208.49~234.18mg·g-1,氨基酸3.86%~4.81%,可溶性糖4.61%~5.22%,叶绿素1.26~1.98mg·g-1,咖啡碱3.11%~3.72%。综合分析,随海拔高度的升高,茶叶品质逐渐提升,海拔700m处的茶叶品质最佳。     

Hydrochemical Characteristics and the Suitability of Groundwater in the Coastal Region of Tangshan,China

Through collecting groundwater samples from the coastal region of Tangshan, China, the hydrochemical processes that affect the chemical composition of groundwater and the quality of resources were anal...     

视障大学生阅读盲文教材规律的研究

我国高等教育的盲文教材因制作难度大、成本高、需要量小,所以由中国盲文出版社出版发行的高等教育盲文教材很少,不能满足盲人大学生的学习需要。自开展视障大学生全纳教育以来,长春大学视障资源中心深入研究了视障大学生摸读盲文教材的规律,制作了多本高等教育盲文教材。根据学生的阅读规律,采用章节前加附小目录、重点注音标调及注释、简写等方式制作盲文教材,提高视障大学生高等教育盲文教材的阅读效率,及盲文教材在课堂上的使用效率,旨在促进视障高等教育教材建设及全纳教育的开展,保证教学质量及人才培养质量。     

血橙中花色苷及黄酮类物质的结构鉴定

本文利用化学定性反应、HPLC-MS、GC以及FTIR等方法对血橙中花色苷及黄酮类化合物进行了鉴定。结果表明,血橙中主要含有8种花色苷和4种黄酮类物质,矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷和矢车菊素-3（6＂-丙二酰）葡萄糖苷是血橙中主要花色苷,芸香柚皮苷和橙皮苷是血橙中主要的黄酮类物质。