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71.
Natàlia Balague Carlota Torrents Robert Hristovski Keith Davids Duarte Araújo 《系统科学与复杂性》2013,26(1):4-13
The complex systems approach offers an opportunity to replace the extant pre-dominant mechanistic view on sport-related phenomena. The emphasis on the environment-system relationship, the applications of complexity principles, and the use of nonlinear dynamics mathematical tools propose a deep change in sport science. Coordination dynamics, ecological dynamics, and network approaches have been successfully applied to the study of different sport-related behaviors, from movement patterns that emerge at different scales constrained by specific sport contexts to game dynamics. Sport benefit from the use of such approaches in the understanding of technical, tactical, or physical conditioning aspects which change their meaning and dilute their frontiers. The creation of new learning and training strategies for teams and individual athletes is a main practical consequence. Some challenges for the future are investigating the influence of key control parameters in the nonlinear behavior of athlete-environment systems and the possible relatedness of the dynamics and constraints acting at different spatio-temporal scales in team sports. Modelling sport-related phenomena can make useful contributions to a better understanding of complex systems and vice-versa. 相似文献
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SUN Yanping LIU Shibin WU Baoting CHENG Mingqi WANG Junwen Keith SCOTT 《自然科学进展(英文版)》2003,13(7):505-510
The problem of the process of coupled diffusion and reaction in catalyst pellets is considered for the case of second and half order reactions. The Adomian decomposition method is used to solve the non-linear model. For the second, half and first order reactions, analytical approximate solutions are obtained. The variation of reactant concentration in the catalyst pellet and the effectiveness factors at φ<10 are determined and compared with those by the BAND's finite difference numerical method developed by Newman. At lower values of φ, the decomposition solution with 3 terms gives satisfactory agreement with the numerical solution; at higher values of φ, as the term number in the decomposition method is increased, an acceptable agreement between the two methods is achieved. In general, the solution with 6 terms gives a satisfactory agreement. 相似文献
73.
Haixia Long Bing Liu Bing Hou Chao Wang Keith M. Kendrick Chunshui Yu Tianzi Jiang 《科学通报(英文版)》2014,59(13):1355-1361
The serotonin-transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) is associated with mood disorders. This association is thought to be due to amygdala hyper- responsiveness to negative emotional stimuli as a result of reduced frontal cortical control. In Caucasians, the short form is associated with this effect, but in Han Chinese we recently found that the long form is involved. Serotonin receptors have rich expression in default mode network (DMN) regions and the recent studies have found an association between the short form of the 5-HTTLPR and DMN functional connectivity (FC) in Caucasians. The present study has investigated whether there may also be an ethnic difference in this influence of 5-HTTLPR on the DMN. We recruited 233 young Han Chinese subjects and calculated the resting-state default-network FC. Our study found that the L carriers had decreased FC in the bilateral medial prefrontal cortex, right parahippocampal gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus, and increased FC in left precuneus (Pcu) compared to SS. The PCC-Pcu FC in L carriers was significantly negatively correlated with the depression scores. Our findings, therefore, suggest that there is also a difference between Caucasian and Han Chinese subjects in the association between the different forms of the 5-HTTLPR and DMN functional connectivity. 相似文献
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COMPARISON OF THE ANALYTIC NETWORK PROCESS AND THE GRAPH MODEL FOR CONFLICT RESOLUTION 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
1. Introduction A strategic conflict is a situation in which two or more decision-makers are to make a decision that affects issues they have different preferences about (Fang et al. 1993). Conflicts are one of the most characteristic attributes of human societies. Various forms of strategic conflict exist all around us, in areas such as environmental management, international rela-tions, economic competition, and relationships among individuals. Conflicts are studied in a wide range of disci… 相似文献
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Liu J O'Brien KL Lynch DM Simmons NL La Porte A Riggs AM Abbink P Coffey RT Grandpre LE Seaman MS Landucci G Forthal DN Montefiori DC Carville A Mansfield KG Havenga MJ Pau MG Goudsmit J Barouch DH 《Nature》2009,457(7225):87-91
A recombinant adenovirus serotype 5 (rAd5) vector-based vaccine for HIV-1 has recently failed in a phase 2b efficacy study in humans. Consistent with these results, preclinical studies have demonstrated that rAd5 vectors expressing simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Gag failed to reduce peak or setpoint viral loads after SIV challenge of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) that lacked the protective MHC class I allele Mamu-A*01 (ref. 3). Here we show that an improved T-cell-based vaccine regimen using two serologically distinct adenovirus vectors afforded substantially improved protective efficacy in this challenge model. In particular, a heterologous rAd26 prime/rAd5 boost vaccine regimen expressing SIV Gag elicited cellular immune responses with augmented magnitude, breadth and polyfunctionality as compared with the homologous rAd5 regimen. After SIV(MAC251) challenge, monkeys vaccinated with the rAd26/rAd5 regimen showed a 1.4 log reduction of peak and a 2.4 log reduction of setpoint viral loads as well as decreased AIDS-related mortality as compared with control animals. These data demonstrate that durable partial immune control of a pathogenic SIV challenge for more than 500 days can be achieved by a T-cell-based vaccine in Mamu-A*01-negative rhesus monkeys in the absence of a homologous Env antigen. These findings have important implications for the development of next-generation T-cell-based vaccine candidates for HIV-1. 相似文献
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GeCl4与ArLi和Ar′Li(Ar″Li与Ar′Li 1∶1的混合物)反应生成化合物GeAr2Cl2,GeArCl3和GeAr″2Cl2,测定了GeAr2Cl2和GeAr″2Cl2的晶体结构,并进行了19F NMR表征. 相似文献