The possible subduction of continental material to depths greater than 200 km

Determining the depth to which continental lithosphere can be subducted into the mantle at convergent plate boundaries is of importance for understanding the long-term growth of supercontinents as well as the dynamic processes that shape such margins. Recent discoveries of coesite and diamond in regional ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic rocks has demonstrated that continental material can be subducted to depths of at least 120 km (ref. 1), and subduction to depths of 150-300 km has been inferred from garnet peridotites in orogenic UHP belts based on several indirect observations. But continental subduction to such depths is difficult to trace directly in natural UHP metamorphic crustal rocks by conventional mineralogical and petrological methods because of extensive late-stage recrystallization and the lack of a suitable pressure indicator. It has been predicted from experimental work, however, that solid-state dissolution of pyroxene should occur in garnet at depths greater than 150 km (refs 6-8). Here we report the observation of high concentrations of clinopyroxene, rutile and apatite exsolutions in garnet within eclogites from Yangkou in the Sulu UHP metamorphic belt, China. We interpret these data as resulting from the high-pressure formation of pyroxene solid solutions in subducted continental material. Appropriate conditions for the Na2O concentrations and octahedral silicon observed in these samples are met at depths greater than 200 km.     

当前工程实践教学改革的误区及对策

当前工程实践教学存在着人才培养目标定位不明确、重内容改革轻师资建设、重经费投入轻资源共享等若干误区,而产生误区的根源在于缺乏对实践教学及其改革的系统认识.因此,结合系统特性,采取科学定位人才培养目标、大力加强实践教学师资队伍建设以及不断推进实践教学资源共享等有效措施,确保取得成效.     

Elemental composition of aerosols collected in the glacier area on Nyainqêntanglha Range, Tibetan Plateau, during summer monsoon season

In order to investigate the elemental composition in atmospheric aerosols and its sources in the glacier area over the Tibetan Plateau (TP), seven totally suspended particle samples were collected continuously at the col of the Zhadang glacier (30°28′N,90°39′E,5800 m a.s.l.), Nyainqêntanglha Range, southern TP, from June to October 2006. Twenty-seven elements (Li, Be, B, Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ga, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Cd, Cs, Ba, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th, U) were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The result indicates that the concentrations of most elements (especially crustal elements) are lower than values at the Nam Co Station during the same period of 2005, and also much lower than other sites in the TP such as Wudaoliang and Waliguan. This suggests that elemental compositions of aerosols in the Zhadang glacier area may represent the background levels of the middle/upper troposphere over the TP. Crustal enrichment factors (EFs) reveal that several elements (e.g. B, Zn, As, Cd, Pb and Bi) may have anthropogenic sources. The southern TP is mainly influenced by the summer Indian monsoon during the sampling period. Backward air mass trajectory analysis suggests that air masses in the region may originate from South Asia. Therefore, anthropogenic pollutants from South Asia may be transported by the summer Indian monsoon to the region which clearly affects the atmospheric environment in the southern TP during the summer monsoon season.     

Concentration level and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil and grass around Mt. Qomolangma, China

High mountains may serve as a condenser for persistent organic pollutants. In the present study, soil and grass samples from Mt. Qomolangma region, China were collected from 4600 to 5620 m a.s.I and were analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） to determine if they are concentrated at colder, more elevated sites and to evaluate their possible resources and fractionation. The total PAHs concentration in soil samples was 〈 600 ng g^-1, the critical value to differentiate PAHs levels in remote and urban regions. This implied the PAHs levels at Mt. Qomolangma are relatively low and what one might expect in such a remote region of the world. These low values may represent a soil background for mid-latitude Northern Hemisphere soils away from the direct influence of an anthropogenic source. As for the distribution pattern, the low molecular weight PAHs were prone to accumulate at higher altitude, while the high molecular weight PAHs inversely related or unrelated with elevation. Based on high concentration of phenanthrene at elevated sample site and the ratios of individual PAHs, we deduced that home-heating combustion and vehicle emission may result in the constitution trait of PAHs in this mountain region. Monsoon traveling over India, Pakistan and other countries with dense population may carry contaminant to Mt. Qomolangma region.     

关于远期合同市场发电商的竞价策略研究

合同交易随着电力市场化的不断完善和风险管理的需要，呈现出越来越重要的作用.在一个规范、成熟的电力市场中，应当是实时市场和合同市场并存的，两者互为补充、相辅相成、缺一不可.因此，研究一个关于合同市场发电商的竞价策略模型就有尤其重要的意义和研究价值.文中对合同市场的发电商竞价策略进行了研究，建立了发电商竞价策略的数学模型.最后，理论分析和算例结果表明了模型的实用性.     

中美科学合作:文献计量学分析

利用SCI论文中作者间的国际合作信息,分析了纳米科技、化学、遗传学和细胞生物学领域44个研究方向中国和美国在1996年至2005年10年间的科学合作发展态势.从中美合作论文的数量增长、合作强度的趋强、中国和美国各自最重要的合作伙伴以及与科技发达国家的国际合作等方面证明中美在重要研究方向上的合作发展迅速,成效显著.结果表明,中美合作之所以发展迅速,在美国的中国学者和华人发挥了重要作用.     

基于最优化流控的TCP拥塞控制改进算法Mreno

应用最优化流控理论,给出TCP Reno算法的一个对偶模型,把该模型与REM算法相结合,得到一个新的TCP网络拥塞控制算法(MReno),并对其进行模拟实验.结果表明,MReno算法可以使源端获得最大资源利用率,能够保证网络的整体优化,MReno算法比Reno算法有更好的公平性和稳定性.     

共沉淀纳米掺杂制备ZnO压敏电阻数学模拟(Ⅰ)

从多种离子反应平衡角度，对最常见的氨法共沉淀过程进行理论分析，并在此基础上提出了氨法共沉淀的数学模型和计算方法．对ZnO压敏电阻粉体共沉淀反应中的既能与NH3也能与OHˉ络合的金属离子（A类二价金属离子）进行了理论分析和模拟计算，得NT沉淀反应中沉淀系数、络合反应系数及pH值和氨水添加量之间的关系．     

一种基于边界识别的聚类算法

针对基于密度的聚类算法由高密度区到低密度区的处理顺序所带来的不能识别低密度对象类别的缺陷,通过对聚类过程中可能存在的边界识别进行讨论,提出了一种基于边界识别的聚类算法.该算法的思想是：同簇优先权高于密度优先权,即在选择下一个对象进行聚类时,在已聚类的对象中优先选择同一簇的对象,当对象沿某一方向扩展到达簇边界时停止扩展,转而向其他方向扩展,这种处理顺序能使得类别最大化.通过分析簇边界的密度变化特征,建立了边界识别准则,并根据该准则对数据进行聚类.通过在合成数据和美国加州大学提供的知识挖掘数据库数据集上的实验结果表明,所提算法能有效地处理低密度区域的数据,与识别聚类结构的对象排序算法相比,聚类效果可提高4%左右,而时间性能相当.     

纺织服装院校物流人才培养绩效社会评价指标体系的构建

本文通过比较人才培养的传统评价模式和绩效评价模式，提出了以企业和竞争为标准的社会评价方式，并结合纺织服装院校专业特色，以此为基础构建了物流人才绩效社会评价指标体系，并利用模糊综合评价方法实现纺织服装物流人才培养绩效分析。