关于H型钢后滑的研究

利用显式动力学有限元方法模拟了不同轧制参数条件下H型钢的变形过程,得出了一些主要参数对H型钢后滑的影响规律,并对这些规律产生的原因进行了分析·研究结果表明:压下率对H型钢后滑的影响非常明显,随压下率的增加,后滑急剧地增加·此外,轧件的腿宽、腿腰延伸比、内宽以及轧件的初始厚度对H型钢的后滑也有较明显的影响·     

一种低剖面、低RCS兼具高增益特性的覆层微带天线设计

设计了一种低剖面覆层微带天线,兼具高增益、低雷达散射截面积RCS特性。覆层单元上表面为加载集总电阻的方环贴片,具有吸波和部分反射特性,下表面为"十"字开槽的金属镀层,将覆层与上表面加载同相反射特性的AMC单元的原始微带天线一体化设计,因覆层厚度可作为部分反射路径以及加载同相反射AMC单元,极大降低剖面。另一方面覆层上表面与AMC单元形成Fabry-Pérot谐振腔,改善天线辐射特性。仿真与实测结果表明:相对于原始天线,该覆层天线在整体厚度只有7mm的前提下,反射系数|S11|-10dB带宽由原来的13.84～15.24 GHz稍频偏到13.8～15.36 GHz;增益也得到较好的改善,在14.40～15.42GHz增益提高了3dB以上,最大提高增益6.29dB;天线在6～17GHz频段内有不同程度RCS的减缩,在宽角域内实现了RCS减缩,其中6dB减缩带宽为8.86～13.56GHz,最大减缩量为14.8dB。     

红薯糯米酒发酵与贮存阶段品质分析

研究了红薯糯米酒发酵过程中可溶性固形物、pH值及酒精度变化,以及不同条件下各贮存阶段红薯糯米酒各成分变化及抗氧化活性。研究结果表明:发酵第3天为红薯糯米酒发酵关键时期;不同贮存条件下可溶性固形物、总酯、总酚含量变化不大,而酒精度、黄酮、维生素C含量随温度及果胶酶添加量的变化有明显差异,其中在贮存温度4℃,果胶酶添加量2%条件下,能保存红薯糯米酒品质和提高风味,降低杂醇油生成。抗氧化活性测定表明,随果胶酶添加量增加,贮存酿液抗氧化能力和总还原能力明显提高。     

Corrosion behavior of high-strength spring steel for high-speed railway

The corrosion resistance and evolution of corrosion products in medium-carbon high-strength spring steels were investigated in a neutral salt spray (5wt% NaCl solution). A formation model of γ-FeOOH and a transformation model describing the conversion of γ-FeOOH to α-FeOOH were constructed. The results indicated that, at the initial corrosion stage, the corrosion resistance was gradually improved with the addition of Cr; however, with the addition of alloying element V, the corrosion resistance decreased. These results were attributed mainly to the initial corrosion stage being closely related to the matrix microstructure parameters such as grain-boundary character and dislocation density. After the rust layer was formed at a later corrosion stage, the corrosion resistance was reinforced with the addition of Cr and V because Cr strongly influenced the composition, structure, and morphology of the corrosion products. The results presented herein show that Cr was conducive to the transformation of γ-FeOOH into α-FeOOH. Moreover, V and Cr exhibited obvious synergy and were enriched in the inner layer of the corrosion products.     

角膜生物力学特性研究进展

 角膜的光学功能与其形态结构紧密相联,角膜形态的异常可导致近视、远视、圆锥角膜等眼部疾病。细致研究角膜的力学特性,建立有临床用途的生物力学模型已成为一个重要研究领域。本文以首都医科大学眼生物力学研究团队的研究工作为基础,综述在角膜力学特性研究中的实验测试方法和本构参数获取方法等方面的进展。     

石墨烯复合材料在警车防弹防护方面的研究

研究警车高性能防弹防护材料应用技术,尝试采用石墨烯改性的方式对陶瓷及铝合金的强度、韧性性能进行了改性提升,利用石墨烯改性材料制备了复合防弹板,并进行了实弹射击试验,研究了防弹警车应用可行性.试验结果表明,石墨烯改性可以有效提高陶瓷的断裂韧度,以及铝合金的强度及弹性模量.经53式7.62 mm穿甲弹三次射击,靶板无穿透,用石墨烯改性陶瓷制备的防弹装甲板,可有效降低材料密度,大幅度提高防弹性能,对车辆防弹性能及轻量化技术研究具有一定的参考价值.     

基于电磁-温度耦合方法的永磁驱动器温度场分析

基于电磁-温度场耦合方法,分析了盘式永磁驱动器的温度场.基于电磁场解析计算建立了盘式永磁驱动器的电磁场解析模型,推导了涡流损耗公式.计算了热阻和散热系数,并以涡流损耗为热源,建立了盘式永磁驱动器等效热网络模型.预测随负载变化时盘式永磁驱动器的涡流损耗和铜盘温度的变化.解析结果与有限元结果比较表明:基于电磁-温度场耦合方法所建立的电磁场解析模型和温度场解析模型能快速、准确地预测涡流损耗和铜盘温度.     

Critical role of extracellular vesicles in modulating the cellular effects of cytokines

Under physiological and pathological conditions, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are present in the extracellular compartment simultaneously with soluble mediators. We hypothesized that cytokine effects may be modulated by EVs, the recently recognized conveyors of intercellular messages. In order to test this hypothesis, human monocyte cells were incubated with CCRF acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line-derived EVs with or without the addition of recombinant human TNF, and global gene expression changes were analyzed. EVs alone regulated the expression of numerous genes related to inflammation and signaling. In combination, the effects of EVs and TNF were additive, antagonistic, or independent. The differential effects of EVs and TNF or their simultaneous presence were also validated by Taqman assays and ELISA, and by testing different populations of purified EVs. In the case of the paramount chemokine IL-8, we were able to demonstrate a synergistic upregulation by purified EVs and TNF. Our data suggest that neglecting the modulating role of EVs on the effects of soluble mediators may skew experimental results. On the other hand, considering the combined effects of cytokines and EVs may prove therapeutically useful by targeting both compartments at the same time.     

Arboreality predicts Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infection level in tropical direct-developing frogs

Pathogen-mediated changes in host behaviour can result from hosts altering their habitat preferences. Although infection risk with pathogenic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in amphibians is associated with environments favouring its growth, the relationship with microhabitat use has not been examined. Here, we aim to determine if microhabitats used by frogs during their nocturnal activity predict B. dendrobatidis prevalence and infection intensity. Our focal host, Eleutherodactylus coqui, is a habitat generalist that uses multiple habitats from the forest floor to the canopy. We analysed data on B. dendrobatidis occurrence in 157 adults and 122 juveniles at El Yunque National forest in Puerto Rico. We categorized each individual’s nocturnal microhabitat as forest floor, curled palm fronds in the floor, arboreal bromeliads and foliage or tree trunks 50 cm to 2.5 m above ground. We found that frogs on the forest floor had the greatest B. dendrobatidis prevalence (73%), compared with those active in vegetation above ground (55%). Overall, the probability of B. dendrobatidis infection in frogs using microhabitats on the forest floor was twice as great as for those on arboreal substrates. Differences in B. dendrobatidis prevalence and intensity in E. coqui may be explained by specific abiotic conditions of microenvironments (temperature and humidity) affecting both pathogen and host, and by the age-specific ecological requirements of hosts. Adults were found to be most active in microhabitats where individuals had lower infection burdens, suggesting pathogen-modulated habitat choice. This work has important implications for the evolutionary dynamics of enzootic diseases and provides data that may inform potential mitigation strategies against a generalist amphibian pathogen.     

Melatonin and mitochondrial function during ischemia/reperfusion injury

Ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury occurs in many organs and tissues, and contributes to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Melatonin, an endogenously produced indolamine, provides a strong defense against IR injury. Mitochondrion, an organelle for ATP production and a decider for cell fate, has been validated to be a crucial target for melatonin to exert its protection against IR injury. In this review, we first clarify the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunction during IR and melatonin’s protection of mitochondria under this condition. Thereafter, special focus is placed on the protective actions of melatonin against IR injury in brain, heart, liver, and others. Finally, we explore several potential future directions of research in this area. Collectively, the information compiled here will serve as a comprehensive reference for the actions of melatonin in IR injury identified to date and will hopefully aid in the design of future research and increase the potential of melatonin as a therapeutic agent.