10CrMoAl钢热轧薄板的周浸实验对比分析

为了系统地研究10CrMoAl钢的耐腐蚀性能,对其周浸试验各周期试样进行了腐蚀速率分析、SEM分析、XRD分析及电化学分析.结果表明:腐蚀速率最快的阶段是72～168 h腐蚀阶段,其次是0～72 h腐蚀阶段,最慢的是168～240 h腐蚀阶段.经过168 h腐蚀后,锈层厚度平均为80 μm,是经过72 h腐蚀后的试样锈层厚度的近2倍.经过240 h的腐蚀后,锈层仍然维持在80 μm左右,却出现了50 μm的过渡层.经过168 h和240 h腐蚀所形成的锈层几乎完全阻止了γ-FeOOH和α-FeOOH等稳定产物的形成,从而有效地阻碍了基体的继续腐蚀.此外,锈层中Cr、Mo和Al的富集,也对阻碍腐蚀的进行起到一定的作用.     

海洋软管铠装层用钢的海水腐蚀行为

通过浸泡实验研究了铠装层用钢在模拟海水环境下的腐蚀行为.实验结果表明,实验钢的微观组织由回火马氏体组成,同时在基体中观察到含铬的析出粒子;腐蚀速率随着腐蚀时间延长逐渐降低,最终实验腐蚀速率为0.068 9 mm·a~(-1).腐蚀行为分为三个阶段:快速下降阶段、平稳过渡阶段和缓慢下降阶段,试样表面的腐蚀产物主要为α-FeOOH,γ-FeOOH,Fe_3O_4,Fe_2O_3;随着腐蚀时间的增加,腐蚀产物结构更加密实且厚度更大,铬元素倾向于在腐蚀产物中聚集.     

pH值对Q235钢在模拟酸性土壤中腐蚀行为的影响

通过腐蚀失重计算、扫描电镜、X射线衍射方法、极化曲线分析等手段,研究了pH值对Q235钢在模拟酸性土壤中腐蚀行为的影响.在模拟酸性土壤环境中,Q235钢的腐蚀速率随土壤pH值升高而降低,经360 h腐蚀后,在pH值为4.0、4.5和5.1的土壤中试样的腐蚀速率分别为0.68、0.48和0.42 mm·a-1.随土壤pH值升高,Q235钢锈层更为致密,其表面蚀坑由窄深型发展变为宽浅型发展.腐蚀产物均为SiO2、α-FeOOH、γ-FeOOH、Fe2 O3及 Fe3 O4,随土壤 pH值升高,腐蚀产物中α-FeOOH/γ-FeOOH质量比升高.极化曲线分析表明,随土壤pH值升高,Q235钢腐蚀电位升高,自腐蚀电流密度降低,试样腐蚀速率减小.     

低碳钢在湿热工业海洋大气中的腐蚀特征

以0.1 mol·L-1 NaCl+0.01 mol·L-1 NaHSO3溶液为腐蚀介质,采用干/湿周浸加速腐蚀实验、腐蚀失重、X射线衍射、扫描电镜和能谱分析等方法,研究了湿热工业海洋大气中低碳钢的腐蚀行为.结果表明:实验钢的腐蚀过程均遵循幂函数d=Atn分布规律,钢种不同,常系数A、n的值不同;腐蚀产物主要由非晶物质和少量Fe3 O4、α-FeOOH、β-FeOOH、γ-FeOOH晶体组成.所得锈层可分为主体锈层和界面疏松带两部分,由内至外锈层中Fe、O含量梯度变化很小.Cl-、SO2与水分的长期协同作用会导致内锈层结构变差,而添加稳定性或耐蚀性较高的元素可以改善锈层质量,进而增强钢材的耐腐蚀性能.     

Effect of Ni on the corrosion resistance of bridge steel in a simulated hot and humid coastal-industrial atmosphere

The corrosion resistance of weathering bridge steels containing conventional contents of Ni (0.20wt%, 0.42wt%, 1.50wt%) and a higher content of Ni (3.55wt%) in a simulated hot and humid coastal-industrial atmosphere was investigated by corrosion depth loss, scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electrochemical methods. The results showed that, with increasing Ni content, the mechanical properties of the bridge steel were markedly improved, the welding parameters were satisfactory at room temperature, and the corrosion resistance was enhanced. When the Ni content was low (≤ 0.42wt%), the crystallization process of the corrosion products was substantially promoted, enhancing the stability of the rust layer. When the Ni content was higher (~3.55wt%), the corrosion reaction of the steel quickly reached a balance, because the initial rapid corrosion induced the formation of a protective rust layer in the early stage. Simultaneously, NiO and NiFe₂O₄ were generated in large quantities; they not only formed a stable, compact, and continuous oxide protective layer, but also strongly inhibited the transformation process of the corrosion products. This inhibition reduced the structural changes in the rust layer, thereby enhancing the protection. However, when the Ni content ranged from 0.42wt% to 1.50wt%, the corrosion resistance of the bridge steel increased only slightly.     

E690海洋平台用钢力学性能和海洋大气腐蚀行为

以传统的E36海洋平台钢为对比钢,研究三种E690海洋平台钢的组织和力学性能,以及模拟海洋大气环境下的腐蚀行为.通过失重法测得实验钢在不同腐蚀时间下的腐蚀速率,利用扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪观察并测定了锈层的形貌特征和相组成,采用电子背散射衍射技术对实验钢的晶界类型进行分析.结果表明:以贝氏体组织为特征的E690海洋平台钢具有优异的力学性能,-40℃的冲击值超过了200J;晶界类型主要为3°～15°的亚晶界和大于50°的大角度晶界;E690海洋平台钢周浸16 d后的锈层致密且腐蚀速率已趋于稳定,最低腐蚀速率为0.84 mm.a-1,远低于组织为铁素体+珠光体钢的1.4 mm.a-1,实验钢的锈层主要由Fe3O4、α-FeOOH、β-FeOOH及γ-FeOOH四种晶态相和非晶无定形物组成.通过分析得出,热处理工艺和组织构成对材料的初期腐蚀行为有重要影响,而化学成分和锈层自身的致密性对材料后期腐蚀行为起决定作用.     

高强耐候钢Q450NQR1腐蚀规律和机制

 通过采用周浸腐蚀试验方法研究了Q450NQR1高强耐侯钢和Q345钢在浓度为0.01mol/L的亚硫酸氢钠溶液中,经过6,24,48,72和96h周浸腐蚀试验后的耐腐蚀性能,并测试了不同周浸腐蚀时间后试样的腐蚀电位和腐蚀电流密度.研究发现,Q450NQR1钢腐蚀速率随试验时间延长而下降,其表面的锈蚀产物膜在周浸腐蚀试验48h后基本达到稳定.Q450NQR1钢在浸泡各个周期内相对Q345钢均有更好的耐腐蚀性.电化学极化实验证实Q450NQR1钢的腐蚀电流48h后趋于稳定,而Q345B 48h后腐蚀电流密度略有增大,这与周浸腐蚀试验结果是一致的.微观腐蚀形貌及EDS分析认为这是由于Q450NQR1钢中添加的Cu和Cr元素参与了腐蚀成膜,并促使腐蚀产物膜整齐致密.XRD分析结果表明,Q450NQR1钢随时间延长,腐蚀产物中的α-FeOOH含量不断增加,在48h后含量基本稳定,大量α-FeOOH促使了锈层更加致密稳定,从而提高了Q450NQR1试样的耐腐蚀能力.     

新型定向凝固高温合金750℃抗热腐蚀性能

研究了涂有75%Na2SO4+25%NaCl盐膜的新型定向凝固镍基高温合金在750℃的热腐蚀行为,采用X射线衍射仪和带能谱的扫描电镜分析腐蚀产物相组成以及微观结构.结果表明:该合金在开始阶段腐蚀速率较大,随着腐蚀时间的延长以及合金腐蚀层厚度的增加,腐蚀速率降低.腐蚀层可分为3个区域:外层是以TiO2和Cr2O3为主相对疏松的氧化层,中间层具有保护性的是富Cr层,内层是以Al,Ti为主的氧化物以及点状分布的硫化物.合金的热腐蚀主要由氧化-硫化共存伴随着表面腐蚀物挥发形成,在此过程中腐蚀持续向合金基体推进,使得腐蚀层不断增厚.     

海洋平台用中锰钢飞溅区海水腐蚀行为

通过干湿交替腐蚀实验研究了海洋平台用低碳中锰钢在海洋环境下飞溅区的海水腐蚀行为.通过电子显微镜研究了腐蚀产物的形貌特征,利用电子探针(EPMA)表征了锈层的截面形貌及腐蚀产物中元素的分布,采用X射线衍射仪对腐蚀产物进行了物相分析.结果表明:随着腐蚀时间的延长,腐蚀速率先是快速增加,达到峰值后下降,最后趋于稳定.腐蚀产物结构由疏松多孔状逐渐转化为致密厚实状,锈层对基体的保护能力逐渐增强.在高浓度氯离子环境下,腐蚀产物以γ-Fe OOH为主,并出现了锰的氧化物和铁锰氧化物两种物相,它们促进了腐蚀过程中的电化学反应.     

铁基金属玻璃涂层在无铅钎料中的耐腐蚀性及机理

选用Fe基非晶合金粉末(含有Cr、Mo、Ni、P、B、Si),采用等离子喷涂方法在Q235基体上制备了金属玻璃涂层.在自行设计的腐蚀实验装置中将Q235钢、1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢和覆有Fe基金属玻璃涂层的Q235钢浸入450,℃的高温液态无铅钎料Sn-3.5,Ag-0.5,Cu中进行腐蚀,利用扫描电子显微镜微观分析了腐蚀后的微观形貌及腐蚀产物.研究结果表明:相同实验条件下,Q235钢和1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢表面均腐蚀严重,断面微观组织分为钎料层、腐蚀层和基体层.其中Q235钢的腐蚀剧烈,腐蚀层成分为FeSn2;1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢腐蚀较严重,腐蚀层成分为(Fe,Cr)Sn2.Q235基体表面的Fe基金属玻璃涂层腐蚀前后断面微观形貌变化不大,没有出现明显的腐蚀分层,表现出了非常好的耐高温无铅钎料腐蚀的能力.     

Relationship between the specific surface area of rust and the electrochemical behavior of rusted steel in a wet-dry acid corrosion environment

The relationship between the specific surface area (SSA) of rust and the electrochemical behavior of rusted steel under wet-dry acid corrosion conditions was investigated. The results showed that the corrosion current density first increased and then decreased with increasing SSA of the rust during the corrosion process. The structure of the rust changed from single-layer to double-layer, and the γ-FeOOH content decreased in the inner layer of the rust with increasing corrosion time; by contrast, the γ-FeOOH content in the outer layer was constant. When the SSA of the rust was lower than the critical SSA corresponding to the relative humidity during the drying period, condensed water in the micropores of the rust could evaporate, which prompted the diffusion of O₂ into the rust and the following formation process of γ-FeOOH, leading to an increase of corrosion current density with increasing corrosion time. However, when the SSA of the rust reached or exceeded the critical SSA, condensate water in the micro-pores of the inner layer of the rust could not evaporate which inhibited the diffusion of O₂ and decreased the γ-FeOOH content in the inner rust, leading to a decrease of corrosion current density with increasing corrosion time.     

Improvement of oxidation resistance of Nb–Ti–Si based alloys with additions of Al,Cr and B at different temperatures

The effects of Cr, Al and B addition on the microstructure and high-temperature oxidation behaviors (at 1200, 1250 and 1300 ?°C) of Nb–Ti–Si based alloys were investigated. The results showed that the addition of Cr stabilized α-Nb₅Si₃, while Al promoted the formation of β-Nb₅Si₃ and adding B promoted the formation of γ-Nb₅Si₃. Among the three elements, Al and Cr were beneficial to oxidation resistance at 1200 ?°C, and B was favorable to the oxidation resistance at 1300 ?°C. At 1250 ?°C, Al and B had the same effects on the improvement of oxidation resistance. The ratio of these alloying elements might play an important role in enhancing oxidation resistance. The oxidation resistance of the three kinds of silicides was compared, and the sequence was: γ-Nb₅Si₃> β-Nb₅Si₃> α-Nb₅Si₃. To predict the effects of the investigated alloying elements on the oxidation resistance of Nb–Ti–Si based alloys in a wider range of concentration, an artificial neural network (ANN) model was established, showing excellent accuracy and generalization ability. With the instructions of the ANN model, the oxidation resistance can be optimized with less additions of alloying elements.     

The effect of environmental variables on atmospheric corrosion of carbon steel in Shenyang

A study was carried out in order to investigate the effect of contaminants and meteorological variables on the rust layer of carbon steel exposed in Shenyang urban atmosphere. Seven kinds of contaminants and twelve kinds of meteorological parameters were also registered in order to correlate the data with respect to corrosion rate and the stepwise multiple regression analysis was carried out in order to obtain the best regression model. The sum of rainfall time as well as sunshine time and the concentration of H2S could stimulate initial atmospheric corrosion of carbon steel. The initial atmospheric corrosion kinetics of carbon steel was observed to follow the cubic equation. The corrosion products were analyzed by XRD and the transformation of phases in different periods was discussed.     

Corrosion behavior of low alloy steels in a wet–dry acid humid environment

The corrosion behavior of corrosion resistant steel (CRS) in a simulated wet–dry acid humid environment was investigated and compared with carbon steel (CS) using corrosion loss, polarization curves, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA), N₂ adsorption, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that the corrosion kinetics of both steels were closely related to the composition and compactness of the rust, and the electrochemical properties of rusted steel. Small amounts of Cu, Cr, and Ni in CRS increased the amount of amorphous phases and decreased the content of γ-FeOOH in the rust, resulting in higher compactness and electrochemical stability of the CRS rust. The elements Cu, Cr, and Ni were uniformly distributed in the CRS rust and formed CuFeO₂, Cu₂O, CrOOH, NiFe₂O₄, and Ni₂O₃, which enhanced the corrosion resistance of CRS in the wet–dry acid humid environment.     

Zr-4合金薄板的织构与耐疖状腐蚀性能的关系

采用500 ℃/10.3 MPa过热蒸汽中腐蚀的方法,研究热处理及织构取向对Zr-4合金薄板耐疖状腐蚀性能的影响.样品在820 ℃-1 h加热快冷后,晶粒发生长大,得到了集中的 (0001)［11 20］和 (0001)［10 10］织构,这时耐腐蚀性能比较好的（0001）面基本平行于轧面,而样品四周的侧面是耐腐蚀性能较差的(11 20)和(10 10)面.样品经过这样热处理后,增加了Fe和Cr合金元素在 α-Zr中的过饱和固溶含量,提高了样品轧面的耐疖状腐蚀性能,但是样品的侧面上仍然会出现疖状腐蚀现象.耐疖状腐蚀性能的好坏与织构的晶体取向有关,只有当样品在1 000 ℃ β 相加热快冷,使 Fe和Cr合金元素在 α-Zr中的过饱和固溶含量进一步得到提高后,才能完全抑制疖状腐蚀现象.     

Studies on thermally grown oxide as an interface between plasma-sprayed coatings and a nickel-based superalloy substrate

A thermally grown oxide layer formed by hot corrosion was investigated as an interface between plasma-sprayed coatings and a nickel-based superalloy substrate. The hot corrosion mechanism of NiCr-Cr₂O₃ and Al₂O₃-40wt% TiO₂ (A40T) plasma coated Inconel 617 was evaluated. The experiments were carried out at 1000℃ using a combination of Na₂SO₄, NaCl, and ₂O₅ salts to simulate the conditions of a gas turbine in a marine environment. The hot corrosion results revealed the spallation and dissolution of oxides upon prolonged exposure. Optical images and scanning electron micrographs of the exposed samples revealed the formation of oxide scale and provided details of its morphology in NiCr-Cr₂O₃ coated samples. Microstructure characterization of A40T coatings demonstrated a thermally grown oxide (TGO) layer at 1000℃. Increasing the thickness of the TGO layer decreased the corrosion resistance. The elemental analysis and image mapping revealed the migration of active elements from the substrate and coatings toward the corrosive environment.     

Influence of oxide scales on the corrosion behaviors of B510L hot-rolled steel strips

The influence of oxide scales on the corrosion behaviors of B510L hot-rolled steel strips was investigated in this study. Focused ion beams and scanning electron microscopy were used to observe the morphologies of oxide scales on the surface and cross sections of the hot-rolled steel. Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were used for the phase analysis of the oxide scales and corrosion products. The corrosion potential and impedance were measured by anodic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. According to the results, oxide scales on the hot-rolled strips mainly comprise iron and iron oxides. The correlation between mass gain and test time follows a power exponential rule in the damp-heat test. The corrosion products are found to be mainly composed of γ-FeOOH, Fe₃O₄, α-FeOOH, and γ-Fe₂O₃. The contents of the corrosion products are different on the surfaces of the steels with and without oxide scales. The steel with oxide scales is found to show a higher corrosion resistance and lower corrosion rate.     

不同暴露时间下不锈钢在典型地区大气腐蚀的灰色分析

采用灰色关联分析方法对2Cr13和1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢在典型地区12a大气腐蚀和环境因素之间的关联度进行了计算,研究了大气腐蚀影响因素随时间的变化.结果表明,2Cr13和1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢大气腐蚀影响因素随时间的变化有所不同.2Cr13不锈钢的初期腐蚀,受相对湿度大于80%的年时数、降雨量、温度和Cl-的影响较大,受SO2影响较小.2Cr13不锈钢的中长期腐蚀,主要受Cl-、SO2、相对湿度大于80%的年时数、平均相对湿度及温度等影响.在各个腐蚀阶段腐蚀速率和各种影响因素的关联度大小次序均在不断变化.1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢在发生腐蚀的初期,主要受相对湿度大于80%的年时数、降雨量及降尘等因素影响.随着腐蚀时间的延长,Cl-的作用逐渐上升为主导因素,关联度大小次序趋于稳定.     

Influence of chromium on the initial corrosion behavior of low alloy steels in the CO2-O2-H2S-SO2 wet-dry corrosion environment of cargo oil tankers

The influence of Cr on the initial corrosion behavior of low-alloy steels exposed to a CO2–O2–H2S–SO2wet–dry corrosion envi-ronment was investigated using weight-loss measurements, scanning electron microscopy, N2 adsorption tests, X-ray diffraction analysis, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results show that the corrosion rate increases with increasing Cr content in samples subjected to corrosion for 21 d. However, the rust grain size decreases, its specific surface area increases, and it becomes more compact and denser with increasing Cr content, which indicates the enhanced protectivity of the rust. The results of charge transfer resistance (Rct) calculations indicate that higher Cr contents can accelerate the corrosion during the first 7 d and promote the formation of the enhanced protective inner rust after 14 d; the formed protective inner rust is responsible for the greater corrosion resistance during long-term exposure.     

Q235钢密封罐法稀土催渗氮化层的组织与耐蚀性能

针对常规气体渗氮工艺氮原子扩散速度慢的问题,采用密封罐法,以尿素为渗氮剂、稀土做催渗剂,对Q235钢进行570 ℃×4 h渗氮实验.利用金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪和电化学工作站,研究分别加入1、3和5 mL稀土时,渗氮层的组织和耐蚀性能.结果表明：稀土催渗能增加渗氮层中白亮层厚度,并明显改善氮化层的耐蚀性能.但稀土加入较多达5 mL时,组织开始疏松,加3 mL稀土时白亮层组织致密,耐蚀性能较佳.Q235钢渗氮层主要由ε-Fe3N相和γ ＇-Fe4N相组成,与常规氮化相比,加稀土催渗后,氮化层中ε相数量增加.密封罐法可以实现Q235钢的快速渗氮,在尿素渗剂中加入稀土后能明显增加渗氮层厚度,并改善耐蚀性能.