低碳贝氏体钢在三种典型环境中的腐蚀行为和腐蚀产物

通过干湿循环加速腐蚀实验并结合X射线衍射、扫描电镜、能谱分析和N2吸附等方法,研究了低碳贝氏体钢在用相应溶液模拟的三种大气环境(海洋、工业和海洋工业大气)中加速腐蚀行为和腐蚀产物特征.实验结果表明,低碳贝氏体钢在三种环境中的腐蚀速率均低于商业化耐候钢09CuPCrNi.低碳贝氏体钢在上述三种环境中的腐蚀速率也有较大差别,其在含有复合腐蚀因子(Cl-和SO32-)的环境中腐蚀最为严重,而在只含腐蚀因子SO32-的环境中腐蚀程度最轻.在不同环境中形成的腐蚀产物相组成差别很小,但锈层致密程度相差较大,并且锈层越致密,对应的钢腐蚀速率越低.在三种环境中的腐蚀对钢的拉伸力学性能的影响较小,说明没有产生严重的局部腐蚀.     

pH值对Q235钢在模拟酸性土壤中腐蚀行为的影响

通过腐蚀失重计算、扫描电镜、X射线衍射方法、极化曲线分析等手段,研究了pH值对Q235钢在模拟酸性土壤中腐蚀行为的影响.在模拟酸性土壤环境中,Q235钢的腐蚀速率随土壤pH值升高而降低,经360 h腐蚀后,在pH值为4.0、4.5和5.1的土壤中试样的腐蚀速率分别为0.68、0.48和0.42 mm·a-1.随土壤pH值升高,Q235钢锈层更为致密,其表面蚀坑由窄深型发展变为宽浅型发展.腐蚀产物均为SiO2、α-FeOOH、γ-FeOOH、Fe2 O3及 Fe3 O4,随土壤 pH值升高,腐蚀产物中α-FeOOH/γ-FeOOH质量比升高.极化曲线分析表明,随土壤pH值升高,Q235钢腐蚀电位升高,自腐蚀电流密度降低,试样腐蚀速率减小.     

低碳钢在湿热工业海洋大气中的腐蚀特征

以0.1 mol·L-1 NaCl+0.01 mol·L-1 NaHSO3溶液为腐蚀介质,采用干/湿周浸加速腐蚀实验、腐蚀失重、X射线衍射、扫描电镜和能谱分析等方法,研究了湿热工业海洋大气中低碳钢的腐蚀行为.结果表明:实验钢的腐蚀过程均遵循幂函数d=Atn分布规律,钢种不同,常系数A、n的值不同;腐蚀产物主要由非晶物质和少量Fe3 O4、α-FeOOH、β-FeOOH、γ-FeOOH晶体组成.所得锈层可分为主体锈层和界面疏松带两部分,由内至外锈层中Fe、O含量梯度变化很小.Cl-、SO2与水分的长期协同作用会导致内锈层结构变差,而添加稳定性或耐蚀性较高的元素可以改善锈层质量,进而增强钢材的耐腐蚀性能.     

海洋软管铠装层用钢的海水腐蚀行为

通过浸泡实验研究了铠装层用钢在模拟海水环境下的腐蚀行为.实验结果表明,实验钢的微观组织由回火马氏体组成,同时在基体中观察到含铬的析出粒子;腐蚀速率随着腐蚀时间延长逐渐降低,最终实验腐蚀速率为0.068 9 mm·a~(-1).腐蚀行为分为三个阶段:快速下降阶段、平稳过渡阶段和缓慢下降阶段,试样表面的腐蚀产物主要为α-FeOOH,γ-FeOOH,Fe_3O_4,Fe_2O_3;随着腐蚀时间的增加,腐蚀产物结构更加密实且厚度更大,铬元素倾向于在腐蚀产物中聚集.     

海洋平台用中锰钢飞溅区海水腐蚀行为

通过干湿交替腐蚀实验研究了海洋平台用低碳中锰钢在海洋环境下飞溅区的海水腐蚀行为.通过电子显微镜研究了腐蚀产物的形貌特征,利用电子探针(EPMA)表征了锈层的截面形貌及腐蚀产物中元素的分布,采用X射线衍射仪对腐蚀产物进行了物相分析.结果表明:随着腐蚀时间的延长,腐蚀速率先是快速增加,达到峰值后下降,最后趋于稳定.腐蚀产物结构由疏松多孔状逐渐转化为致密厚实状,锈层对基体的保护能力逐渐增强.在高浓度氯离子环境下,腐蚀产物以γ-Fe OOH为主,并出现了锰的氧化物和铁锰氧化物两种物相,它们促进了腐蚀过程中的电化学反应.     

三种桥梁耐候钢在模拟海洋大气环境中的耐蚀性能比较

通过室内周期浸润加速腐蚀实验,结合腐蚀形貌观察、物相分析及电化学测试,对三种耐候桥梁钢Q355NHD、Q450NQR1、Q460q在模拟海洋大气环境(3.5%NaCl溶液)下的腐蚀行为进行对比研究。结果表明,三种耐候钢在实验周期内,腐蚀速率均呈先增大后减小的趋势。腐蚀前期,耐蚀性差异主要是由显微组织决定的,以铁素体和珠光体复相组织为主的Q355NHD、Q450NQR1钢腐蚀速率高于以粒状贝氏体为主的Q460q钢。腐蚀后期,微量合金元素在锈层中富集使其致密化,显著提高了三种钢的耐蚀性能。其中Q460q钢锈层最为致密,锈层保护因子α/γ*和电化学阻抗值|Z|最大,在该环境下表现出了最佳的耐蚀性能。     

海洋软管铠装层用管线钢在超临界CO_2环境下腐蚀行为

利用浸泡实验研究实验钢在超临界CO2环境下的腐蚀行为,讨论实验钢的腐蚀过程及机制。结果表明:实验钢微观组织由铁素体及铬的碳化物构成;腐蚀产物主要为Fe CO3晶体,试样表面腐蚀产物随腐蚀时间的延长逐渐累积,锈层结构趋于密实,该结构可有效阻止溶液中离子与基体反应,增加腐蚀抵抗性;腐蚀早期阶段,实验钢腐蚀减重量较小,随后迅速增加并出现平台,最终减重量缓慢增加;短时间浸泡后腐蚀速率较大,之后迅速下降,实验测定最终腐蚀速率为1.56 mm/a,真实腐蚀速率为0.078 mm/a。     

CuPCr钢显微组织对全浸海水腐蚀行为的影响

为考察CuPCr型耐海水腐蚀钢不同显微组织的腐蚀行为,采用热轧后不同冷却方式分别获得贝氏体和铁素体+珠光体组织,进行模拟海水腐蚀的全浸加速腐蚀实验,并利用失重法测量腐蚀速率,采用SEM,XRD和电化学方法评价钢的腐蚀行为.结果表明:贝氏体组织能够在更短时间内形成比较致密的锈层,其耐蚀性能明显优于铁素体和珠光体组织.碳元素在贝氏体中的均匀分布减少了微电池数量,因而能够降低钢的腐蚀电流密度.     

Mn-Cu耐候钢在模拟工业大气环境下的腐蚀行为

利用干湿交替加速腐蚀实验和电化学实验研究了实验钢在模拟工业大气环境下的腐蚀演化行为.结果表明,在腐蚀初期腐蚀速度随循环周期的增加而增大,在后期随循环周期的增加而降低,耐候钢的腐蚀速度与SPA-H钢相当但低于16Mn钢.在腐蚀初期,细晶粒耐候钢比粗晶粒腐蚀速度快,在后期腐蚀速度基本一致.耐候钢锈层分为内外两层,内锈层致密主要由α-FeOOH和少量γ-Fe2O3组成,晶粒尺寸对腐蚀产物的组成影响不大.16Mn钢锈层主要由α-FeOOH,γ-Fe2O3和Fe3O4组成.在腐蚀后期,Cu的作用使耐候钢的耐腐蚀性能优于16Mn钢.电化学实验表明,腐蚀产物促进阴极过程,抑制阳极过程.细晶粒有利于保护性内锈...     

D32海洋平台用钢在浪溅区腐蚀行为

通过极化实验和阻抗实验研究了D32海洋平台用钢在浪溅区的腐蚀规律,并利用扫描电镜和能量色散谱仪分析了各钢样的腐蚀产物. 结果表明,腐蚀产物的形貌成分和覆盖度的不同导致了模拟全浸区腐蚀速率稍大于钢样在海水中的腐蚀速率,模拟浪溅区腐蚀速率远大于模拟全浸区钢样腐蚀速率. 钢样在青岛海水、埕岛海水的全浸区和浪溅区的Nyquist图中出现的韦伯阻抗是由于表面形成的锈层及钙镁层所致.     

Relationship between the specific surface area of rust and the electrochemical behavior of rusted steel in a wet-dry acid corrosion environment

The relationship between the specific surface area (SSA) of rust and the electrochemical behavior of rusted steel under wet-dry acid corrosion conditions was investigated. The results showed that the corrosion current density first increased and then decreased with increasing SSA of the rust during the corrosion process. The structure of the rust changed from single-layer to double-layer, and the γ-FeOOH content decreased in the inner layer of the rust with increasing corrosion time; by contrast, the γ-FeOOH content in the outer layer was constant. When the SSA of the rust was lower than the critical SSA corresponding to the relative humidity during the drying period, condensed water in the micropores of the rust could evaporate, which prompted the diffusion of O₂ into the rust and the following formation process of γ-FeOOH, leading to an increase of corrosion current density with increasing corrosion time. However, when the SSA of the rust reached or exceeded the critical SSA, condensate water in the micro-pores of the inner layer of the rust could not evaporate which inhibited the diffusion of O₂ and decreased the γ-FeOOH content in the inner rust, leading to a decrease of corrosion current density with increasing corrosion time.     

Corrosion behavior of low alloy steels in a wet–dry acid humid environment

The corrosion behavior of corrosion resistant steel (CRS) in a simulated wet–dry acid humid environment was investigated and compared with carbon steel (CS) using corrosion loss, polarization curves, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA), N₂ adsorption, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that the corrosion kinetics of both steels were closely related to the composition and compactness of the rust, and the electrochemical properties of rusted steel. Small amounts of Cu, Cr, and Ni in CRS increased the amount of amorphous phases and decreased the content of γ-FeOOH in the rust, resulting in higher compactness and electrochemical stability of the CRS rust. The elements Cu, Cr, and Ni were uniformly distributed in the CRS rust and formed CuFeO₂, Cu₂O, CrOOH, NiFe₂O₄, and Ni₂O₃, which enhanced the corrosion resistance of CRS in the wet–dry acid humid environment.     

高强度马氏体钢显微组织对腐蚀行为影响的研究进展

The high strength martensite steels are widely used in aerospace, ocean engineering, etc., due to their high strength, good ductility and acceptable corrosion resistance. This paper provides a review for the influence of microstructure on corrosion behavior of high strength martensite steels. Pitting is the most common corrosion type of high strength stainless steels, which always occurs at weak area of passive film such as inclusions, carbide/intermetallic interfaces. Meanwhile, the chromium carbide precipitations in the martensitic lath/prior austenite boundaries always result in intergranular corrosion. The precipitation, dislocation and grain/lath boundary are also used as crack nucleation and hydrogen traps, leading to hydrogen embrittlement and stress corrosion cracking for high strength martensite steels. Yet, the retained/reversed austenite has beneficial effects on the corrosion resistance and could reduce the sensitivity of stress corrosion cracking for high strength martensite steels. Finally, the corrosion mechanisms of additive manufacturing high strength steels and the ideas for designing new high strength martensite steel are explored.     

一种耐海水腐蚀型超低碳贝氏体钢的研究

为了开发具有高强度、高韧性和耐海水腐蚀性的海洋工程用钢,考察了含磷超低碳贝氏体钢的组织、力学性能和耐海水腐蚀性.超低碳贝氏体钢中磷的质量分数提高至0.09%时能够产生较强的固溶强化作用,而对室温至-40℃范围内的低温冲击韧性影响不大,这归因于钢中C,B原子在原始奥氏体晶界通过竞争机制抑制了P的偏聚,减弱了P产生的冷脆性...     

Corrosion behavior of high-strength spring steel for high-speed railway

The corrosion resistance and evolution of corrosion products in medium-carbon high-strength spring steels were investigated in a neutral salt spray (5wt% NaCl solution). A formation model of γ-FeOOH and a transformation model describing the conversion of γ-FeOOH to α-FeOOH were constructed. The results indicated that, at the initial corrosion stage, the corrosion resistance was gradually improved with the addition of Cr; however, with the addition of alloying element V, the corrosion resistance decreased. These results were attributed mainly to the initial corrosion stage being closely related to the matrix microstructure parameters such as grain-boundary character and dislocation density. After the rust layer was formed at a later corrosion stage, the corrosion resistance was reinforced with the addition of Cr and V because Cr strongly influenced the composition, structure, and morphology of the corrosion products. The results presented herein show that Cr was conducive to the transformation of γ-FeOOH into α-FeOOH. Moreover, V and Cr exhibited obvious synergy and were enriched in the inner layer of the corrosion products.     

Influence of chromium on the initial corrosion behavior of low alloy steels in the CO2-O2-H2S-SO2 wet-dry corrosion environment of cargo oil tankers

The influence of Cr on the initial corrosion behavior of low-alloy steels exposed to a CO2–O2–H2S–SO2wet–dry corrosion envi-ronment was investigated using weight-loss measurements, scanning electron microscopy, N2 adsorption tests, X-ray diffraction analysis, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results show that the corrosion rate increases with increasing Cr content in samples subjected to corrosion for 21 d. However, the rust grain size decreases, its specific surface area increases, and it becomes more compact and denser with increasing Cr content, which indicates the enhanced protectivity of the rust. The results of charge transfer resistance (Rct) calculations indicate that higher Cr contents can accelerate the corrosion during the first 7 d and promote the formation of the enhanced protective inner rust after 14 d; the formed protective inner rust is responsible for the greater corrosion resistance during long-term exposure.