数学常青--古代、文艺复兴和近代的数学

Approaching Antiquity: Archimedes and the Fields Medal Since 1936 the so-called Fields Medal "is awarded every four years on the occasion of the International Congress of Mathematicians to recognize outstanding achievement for existing work and for the promise of future achievement" (http:∥www. mathunion. org/medals/Fields/index. html). It replaces the non-existing Nobel prize for mathematicians. Up until 2005 it has been awarded 44 times.     

Mathesis Perennis： Mathematics in Ancient, Renaissance, and Modern Times

Since 1936 the so-called Fields Medal “is awarded every four years on the occasion of the International Congress of Mathematicians to recognize outstanding achievement for existing work and for the promise of future achievement” （ http ：//www. mathunion, org/medals/Fields/ index, html）. It replaces the non-existing Nobel prize for mathematicians. Up until 2005 it has been awarded 44 times.     

Address at the Opening Ceremony of the 22nd International Congress of History of Science

Honorable Council members of the DHS, Chairs of Delegations, Distinguished Guests, Lances and Gentlemen ： On behalf of the Chinese host, I sincerely and warmly welcome you to Beijing and the 22^nd International Congress of the History of Science. To my knowledge, in the 76 years of its history, this is only the second time that the Congress is being held in the Far East, and is also the second time the Congress is meeting in a developing country.     

开幕式致词

Honorable Council members of the DHS, Chairs of Delegations, Distinguished Guests, Ladies and Gentlemen: On behalf of the Chinese host, I sincerely and warmly welcome you to Beijing and the 22na International Congress of the History of Science. To my knowledge, in the 76 years of its history, this is only the second time that the Congress is being held in the Far East, and is also the second time the Congress is meeting in adeveloping country. For both of these reasons, we are deeply honored that you are here, and we appreciate the tremendous responsibility that comes with hosting the 22nd International Congress of the History of Science.     

International Quality Network(IQN)Exchanges of Knowledge between China and the West:Historical and Philosophical Dimensions(Project Announcement/Call for Applications)

The accelerating circulation of information and knowledge is one of the most str iking features of the age of globalization .Exchanges of knowledge across region al and linguistic boundaries are one of the distinguishing traits of the emerging “knowledge society”.Yet the issue's topicality must not eclipse the fact that the historical roots of such exchanges, in East Asia as well as in Europe and other regions of the world,can be traced back to antiquity.Exchanges of scientific and cult…     

Science ＆ Culture Review

Science ＆ Culture Review is devoted to the study of interactions between science-technology and culture-society and the promotion of dialogues between sciences, humanities and social sciences. The journal is international in scope and interdisciplinary in contents.     

The Chinese Journal for the History Science and Technology

The Chinese Journal for the History of Science and Technology （known as China Historical Materials of Science and Technology from 1980 to 2004） is the official publication of the Chinese Society for the History of Science and Technology and the Institute for the History of Natural Science, Chinese Academy of Science. It is foremost vehicle for the scholarship of professional historians of science in China, published quarterly by China Science and Technology Press.     

Abstract

Cultural Selection in Evolution（p. 1）FEI Duo-yi（The Chinese Society for Dialectics of Nature, Beijing;the Research Center on the Philosophy of Science and Technology in Shanxi University, Taiyuan,Shanxi） With the rapid development of information technology and medical level, another form of human evolution has come into being. We are trying to get over Da~inian＇ s doctrine of natural evolution into artificial evolution. The latter can not only reproduce life, but also compel us to redefine the parameter of life. The continuous electronization and symbolization of person＇ s identity bring about more controversies on existent character of human. Thus, the human subjectivity is forced to be explained again.     

从历史看生命科学的多样性和全球性

What is Globalization? When we speak of globalization of knowledge, it is an unfortunate fact that the text books and monographs in western countries generally trace their ideas to ancient Greece but go no further. They do not always acknowledge that there were other civilizations who nurtured great knowledge of science and technology long before Grecian civilization. I refer to the ancient civilizations of both China and India, as well as the Egyptians and the Baylonians whose ideas and inventions were copied by the societies of Greece and Rome much later①.     

简评芝加哥大学出版社《地图学史》

<正>John Brian Harley and David Woodward. Cartography in Prehistoric,Ancient,and Medieval Europe and the Mediterranean. Chicago and London:The University of Chicago Press,1987. 558 Pages. ISBN:0-226-31633-5John Brian Harley and David Woodward. Cartography in the Traditional Islamic and South Asian Societies. Chicago and London:The University of Chicago Press,1992.545 Pages. ISBN:0-226-31635-1     

再析吴健雄未获诺贝尔奖的原因

20世纪中期,吴健雄最先开展实验验证杨掁宁、李政道提出的弱作用下宇称可能不守恒的假说,并最早取得突破。然而她却未能因此而获得或分享诺贝尔物理学奖。其中一个重要原因是李政道提前透露了吴健雄实验的"初步结果",最终导致她未能独享验证假说的优先权。而吴健雄在实验过程中未能与国家标准局的科学家建立良好的合作关系,使她难以通过诺贝尔评奖委员会的调查关,这可能也是她未能获奖的另一个重要原因。     

天然气直接转化制乙烯和高值化学品的新途径——中国科学院大连化物所甲烷高效转化相关研究获重大突破

近日,中国科学院大连化学物理研究所包信和研究团队基于“纳米限域催化”的新概念,创造性地构建了硅化物晶格限域的单中心铁催化剂,成功地实现了甲烷在无氧条件下选择活化,一步高效生产乙烯、芳烃和氢气等高值化学品.相关成果发表在2014年5月9日出版的Science[344（6184）：616-619]上.同时,相关成果的PCT专利申请已进入美国、俄罗斯、日本、欧洲和中东等国家和地区.     

情报学家尤金·加菲尔德关注诺贝尔奖的视角

本文考察了美国著名情报学家尤金·加菲尔德研究诺贝尔奖的视角,通过研究分析加菲尔德个人网页中关于诺贝尔奖的51篇原文,我们对这位情报学家研究诺贝尔奖的视角有了比较深入的了解。加菲尔德研究引文分析能否预测诺贝尔奖,他们是否都写过引文杰作,获奖项目是否是所在领域的研究前沿,最高被引频次、获得诺贝尔奖和科学承认之间的关系,职业合作伙伴的重要性,关注日本的科学研究环境,运用引文分析确定是否属于早期发现等七个方面来发表自己独特的见解。     

袁复礼教授对古脊椎动物学的卓越贡献

在1927-1933年间，由中瑞两国合组的西北科学考查团在对我国西北地区的合作科学考察中，地质学家袁复礼共发现了4个化石点，5个化石层位，以及10个古脊椎动物化石的新物种。这批材料中的绝大部分化石是由我国古脊椎动物学的奠基人杨钟健记述的。袁复礼对我国的古脊椎动物学做出了卓越的贡献。     

试析日本"诺贝尔奖计划"的可行性

2001年,日本制定了轰动一时的"诺贝尔奖计划".这是日本在谋求21世纪发展中,日益认识到加强基础研究、增强科技创新意识,对保持其强国地位的极端重要性和迫切性后的具体体现.从日本重视教育的传统、雄厚的经济实力、对科技的强力投入等方面看,日本"诺贝尔奖计划"的实现绝非无稽之谈.     

丘成桐:数学大师的学术人生

美籍华人丘成桐先生是当代国际著名数学家,27岁攻克世界数学难题,33岁获得有世界数学界诺贝尔奖之称的Fields奖,成为华人数学家第一个获得这项大奖的数学家。1994年,获得瑞典皇家科学院为弥补诺贝尔奖未设数学奖而专门设立的国际大奖Crafoord奖。2003年获中国政府颁发的中华人民共和国国际科学技术合作奖,2010年获沃尔夫数学奖(Wolf Prize in Mathematics)和亚裔工程奖。他的成长历程可以给我们很多启发,不少经验值得借鉴和学习。同时,还为中国的数学发展建言献策,做出了无私贡献。     

关于杨振宁再获诺贝尔奖问题的一种异众观点

从1982年起杨振宁因其规范场论而被多次提议(名)再获诺贝尔奖。至今这些提议(名)未能成为现实。究其原因,不是由于成果本身的重要性不够,也不是由于诺贝尔奖在同一领域不授予第二次奖的"规定",更不是由于扬振宁年龄太大和成果作出时间太久远的原因,而是由于诺贝尔奖鼓励创新而不补奖的"潜规则",还有其作为科学界"最高荣誉"的象征性理念,以及杨振宁在科学界已具有几近再获奖也不能提升的崇高地位。     

话“术语哲学”

2003 年,国际术语学研究所举办了东西欧术语学基础理论比较研讨会,在此会议上,来自东、西欧的术语学研究者畅所欲言,对自20世纪30年代以来,在奥地利(代表欧洲中西部地区)和苏联等东欧国家逐渐发展起来的术语学理论进行了深入研讨。俄罗斯女学者阿莱克谢耶娃做了“术语学和哲学之间的相互影响”的主题发言,国际术语学研究所副所长布丁教授也以“对术语哲学的展望”为题做了演讲,它探究了术语学的哲学源头,分析了术语学理论与“知识工程”和“知识本体”的内在联系,以此作为对东欧学者的呼应。文章旨在介绍布丁教授这篇演讲里的重要观点,以期为广大读者充分了解术语学的理论基石提供途径。     

中国古代数理天文学史研究的新进展：评《古历新探》

古历新探陈美东著沈阳：辽宁教育出版社1995年12月第1版658页科学在今天的生活中已经成为一个十分重要的概念，它所涵盖和渗透的领域也几乎到达了人类活动的各个方面。科学在20世纪的巨大成功，不仅对社会与经济的发展所产生之影响正日益加剧，甚至在许多方面也改变着人们的思维方式与生活习惯。探索根源，科学之所以能够发展到今天并产生如此巨大的威力，其关键在于精密科学从17世纪以来所不断取得的突破性进展。这就是精密科学史研究之所以受到科学史家更多关注的重要原因。而所谓精密科学，按照传统的观点，通常是指数学、天文与经典力学…     

On Definitions of Information in Physics

During the refereeing procedure of Anthropomorphic Quantum Darwinism by Thomas Durt, it became apparent in the dialogue between him and me that the definition of information in Physics is something about which not all authors agreed. This text aims at describing the concepts associated to information that are accepted as the standard in the Physics world community.