重型商用车驾驶室悬置系统参数匹配研究

建立了驾驶室悬置系统的多刚体模型和刚柔耦合模型。通过道路试验得到仿真所需要的激励，并验证了模型的正确性。以垂直方向加权加速度均方根值为评价目标，在频域里运用正交试验技术对悬置系统的刚度阻尼进行了匹配。最后在时域里分析匹配后悬置动扰度的变化，结果表明：匹配方案有效、可行。     

基于响应面法的汽车操纵稳定性多目标优化

利用ADMS／CAR软件建立整车的虚拟样机模型，对其进行转向盘转角阶跃试验和蛇形试验，井根据相关评价计分标准，得到整车模型在这两种试验中的评价计分值。然后以客观定量评价指标为目标函数，利用ADAMS／Insight及Matlab软件结合响应面法对整车的操纵稳定性进行多目标综合优化，优化后的评价计分值明显提高，表明此方法可以用于汽车操纵稳定性的多目标优化。     

基于质量工程的电动轮汽车差速转向集成优化方法初探

建立电动轮汽车差速转向和整车三自由度动力学模型,提出电动轮汽车差速转向系统转向路感、转向灵敏度、转向稳定性的概念及量化公式,集成蒙特卡罗仿真的描述取样、带精英解的非劣前沿分级遗传算法和Taguchi鲁棒性设计方法,以转向路感和转向灵敏度为优化目标、转向灵敏度和转向稳定性为约束条件,对电动轮汽车差速转向系统参数进行集成优化设计.仿真结果表明：基于质量工程集成优化的电动轮汽车差速转向系统可在保证系统具有较好的转向稳定性、转向灵敏度基础上,有效提高系统的转向路感和转向灵敏度,为电动轮汽车差速转向系统的设计和优化提供理论基础.     

基于频响函数的结构惯性参数识别及应用

为了快速、准确地测量某动力总成的结构惯性参数以进行新产品开发设计,根据频响函数曲线的质量线理论、刚体动力学原理,本文推导了基于频响函数识别结构惯性参数的基本理论。然后设置验证试验,通过试验验证了该理论的正确性、测量系统的可靠性、准确性,并标定了试验误差。最后,应用该系统成功测取了某摩托车动力总成的惯性参数,为整车优化配置设计提供了必不可少的参数。试验结果表明:该法简便快捷,计算精度完全可以满足工程设计应用的要求,特别适用于复杂、不规则结构。     

基于ANSYS的二次优化方法的实例探究

基于有限元分析技术的优化设计是一种全新的优化技术，其中的有限元分析技术能够满足用户对零部件满应力分布的需要，结构优化技术能够为零部件的设计提供更合理的设计尺寸，用ANSYS软件对模型进行参数化建模、静力学分析、并在此基础上进行多参数同时优化的传统的优化设计方法，可以得到符合工程应力要求的结构模型、合理的结构形式和优化尺寸，实现了结构轻量化的目标，但是却并不一定是最节省材料的优化方法，使其在达到要求性能的条件下，最大限度地减少材料，为了更高效的节省材料，可以采用二次优化方法来解决这个问题。本文通过一个石油机械中马达座的优化例子来说明二次优化方法的优越性，它能有效提高建模速度，提高模型质量，对工程技术人员来说意义十分重大，结果表明，运用ANSYS进行优化设计问题的求解，可以很大程度上减少设计成本，使产品设计更为科学合理。     

人体生物力学模型建立及在汽车安全中的应用

汽车的发明给人类社会带来了巨大进步和便利,但同时引发的交通事故造成大量的人员伤亡与经济损失.本论文采用医学CT/MRI扫描获得人体主要组织的几何参数,采用有限元仿真分析工具建立人体有限元生物力学模型,结合文献已有的组织材料实验与尸体实验对模型进行仿真验证,模型验证参考了尸体实验数据进行了正面碰撞和侧面碰撞的仿真验证,碰撞中接触力、胸骨位移量、力-位移响应与实验吻合较好.开展了汽车方向盘与胸部碰撞的仿真应用研究,方向盘冲击作用于人体的生物力学响应与损伤特性符合真实事故中的变形规律,能再现肋骨骨折及内脏损伤,模型可应用于汽车碰撞事故中人员的损伤评估研究.     

电磁多片式离合器扭矩分配控制数学模型构建研究

电磁多片式离合器中的电磁控制单元直接决定了四驱汽车动力分配范围.为研究电磁多片式离合器对整车动力分配性能的影响,必须建立其动力学模型,否则无法对电磁多片式离合器进行精确控制,也不能为整车控制提供有效的输入参数.文章针对这一问题,首先建立了基于电磁学和系统动力学的电磁多片式离合器力学模型,并与整车7自由度动力学模型相结合,通过Matlab/Simulink构建电磁多片式离合器四驱汽车动力学模型.其次以线性2自由度半车模型作为参考对象,运用神经网络PID优化扭矩分配控制系统,研究不同路面、不同车速和转向工况下电流的变化对电磁多片式离合器参与的扭矩分配对整车的转速差、车速、质心侧偏角及横摆角速度的影响规律.仿真结果表明:电磁多片式离合器的扭矩输出和电流大小成正比例关系,可以在0.5s时间内对转速差进行控制,保证整车车速,同时实现期望的质心侧偏角及横摆角速度.最后通过试验车进行验证得到仿真分析和试验数据符合良好,表明建立的电磁多片式离合器整车动力学模型的有效性,为电磁多片式离合器控制的四驱传动设计提供了理论依据.     

泡沫铝汽车碰撞吸能器仿真分析

提出了在汽车保险杠和前纵梁之间安装泡沫铝吸能器的方案,并对此结构进行了总体设计.采用 CATIA ANSYS DYNA3D联合建模求解技术对汽车碰撞进行了仿真分析,得出了安装泡沫铝吸能器前后汽车质心加速度曲线、吸能曲线及车体应力分布图.结果表明,应用泡沫铝汽车碰撞缓冲吸能器可提高汽车的安全性.本研究为泡沫铝在汽车中的应用提供了参考依据,也为汽车满足轻质、节能、环保、安全等方面的需要提供了新途径     

ACP100净化模块多目标运行优化研究

模块化小型堆(ACP100)的化学和容积控制系统净化模块是一个典型的多工况、多目标的系统模块。为了寻找化学和容积控制系统净化模块最优的调试/运行参数,本文构建了净化模块的热工水力模型和多工况、多目标优化模型,提出了考虑不同工况下泵流量和净化流量的目标函数和优化评价指标——综合偏离率。利用所构建的模型,以泵的小流量、模块初始净化流量为优化变量,对净化模块在寿期内的运行进行单因素分析和多目标优化分析。通过分析发现,在单因素优化条件下不存在一个在各种工况和各目标下均最优的调试点,但是多目标分析表明,在初始净化流量约为设计点的1.09倍、泵的小流量约为设计点的1.5倍时,全寿期运行的综合偏离率能从额定设计点的7.0%降至1.5%以下。敏感性分析也表明模型的多目标分析结果具有较好的适用性。     

基于闭环控制的自主交会多目标最优轨迹设计

对闭环控制条件下的自主交会多目标最优轨迹设计方法进行了研究.基于相对动力学方程,建立了以仅测角为测量参数的相对导航模型;根据线性协方差分析方法,对追踪器在仅测角条件下的相对导航及相对运动轨迹控制偏差进行了分析,并以此为基础,建立了评价自主交会轨迹鲁棒性的指标.采用NSGA-II多目标遗传算法,对考虑燃料消耗和轨迹鲁棒性的多目标最优自主交会轨迹设计问题进行了求解.最后,通过MonteCarlo打靶仿真验证了协方差分析结果的正确性,并对Pareto可行解集中的相对位置鲁棒性最优解进行了仿真验证.     

Molecular basis of osteoarthritis: biomechanical aspects

The unique biomechanical properties of healthy cartilage ensure that articular cartilage is able to transmit force between the joints while maintaining almost friction-free limb movement. In osteoarthritis, the biomechanical properties are compromised, but we still do not understood whether this precedes the onset of the disease or is a result of it. This review focuses on the physical changes to cartilage with age, disease, and mechanical loading, with specific reference to the increased collagen cross-linking that occurs with age (nonenzymatic glycation), and the response of chondrocytes to physiological and pathological loads. In addition, the biomechanical properties and matrix biosynthesis of cartilage from various joint surfaces of the knee and ankle are compared to elucidate reasons why the ankle is less affected by progressive osteoarthritis than the knee.     

Molecular basis for differences between human joints

The molecular program of a cell determines responses including induction or inhibition of genes for function and activity, and this is true of the cells within articular cartilage, a major functional component of the joint. While our studies have previously focussed on differences in the molecular programs of the cells within the superficial and deep zones, we have recently begun to focus on relative differences between joints, such as the knee and ankle. In the human, these joints vary greatly in their susceptibility to joint diseases, such as osteoarthritis (OA). We have predicted that there would be a molecular basis for differences between joints that could lead to differences in susceptibility to OA, if inherent pathways locked into the resident cells induce differences in their response to their environment. We have been able to show that there are differences between the matrix components and water content; these properties correspond to a higher equilibrium modulus and dynamic stiffness but lower hydraulic permeability and serve to make the ankle cartilage stiffer, slowing movement of molecules through the cartilage. In addition to these biochemical differences in the cartilage matrix, we have also identified relative differences in the strength of the response to stimulation of chondrocytes from knee and ankle. The stronger response of the knee chondrocytes includes factors that increase damage to the cartilage matrix, such as a depression of matrix synthesis and increased enzyme activity. This response by the knee chondrocytes results in enzyme damage to the matrix that the cells may not be able to repair, while the weaker response of the ankle chondrocytes may allow the cells to repair their matrix damage.     

非下采样Contourlet HMT模型

非下采样Contourlet变换（NSCT）不仅具有类似传统小波变换和Contourlet变换的多尺度和多方向特性，而且还具有良好的平移不变特性．文中对NSCT变换系数进行研究，获得NSCT变换的方向子带系数同样具有持续性和聚集性的结论；在此基础上结合隐Markov树模型，建立了一种新的基于NSCT域的隐Markov树模型NSCT—HMT，并且给出了该模型的参数结构以及模型参数的训练方法；最后将所提出的模型应用于图像去噪中取得了很好的仿真效果．     

基于累积变形演化状态控制的高速铁路基床结构设计计算方法

实现长期循环荷载作用下基床结构累积变形有效控制是建造高速铁路的技术难点之一.基于高速铁路无砟与有砟轨道路基承受列车动荷载特征,提出和完善了用于基床结构设计的荷载作用模式;根据循环荷载作用下土工填料累积变形演化状态的分类及阈值判别准则,结合室内单元结构填土模型试验,获得了级配碎石基床填料变形状态演化的阈值参数.以设计荷载条件和填料设计参数为基础,针对无砟与有砟轨道对基床变形状态控制的不同要求,采用结构分析原理,构建了基于累积变形演化状态控制的高速铁路基床结构设计计算方法,确定了无砟与有砟轨道基床结构累积变形分别满足快速稳定和缓慢稳定的状态控制要求,以地基系数K30值表征的关键参数指标.研究成果为实现高速铁路基床结构由构造设计向状态控制定值分析转变奠定了基础.     

基于无线传感器网络的半导体设备数据采集设计

为了监测半导体前段制造厂的机台在生产过程中的关键参数，提出了一种基于无线传感器网络和以太网的半导体机台数据采集方案，研制了传感器节点和簇头节点，给出了传感器节点的硬件设计过程和部分源程序。测试结果表明：该系统可以对半导体机台关键生产参数进行远程采集、历史数据查询和故障实时报警，提高了半导体产品的良率以及工程师的工作效率。     

Human neuropharmacological findings with oxapadol (MD 720111), a new non-narcotic analgesic

Summary The effects of oxapadol, a new non-narcotic analgesic, were tested in man using the electrically-induced nociceptive flexion reflex in the flexor muscles of the lower limb as an index of pain. The drug caused a significant increase in the threshold of the reflex whereas no change was noted with placebo.     

Mitochondrial activity: a possible determinant of anoxic injury in renal medulla

In brain, heart and kidney, cell work in the absence of oxygen has been thought to precipitate anoxic damage by increasing the rate of depletion of cellular energy stores. In the medullary thick ascending limb of isolated perfused rat kidneys, however, reduction of ATP synthesis by a variety of mitochondrial or metabolic inhibitors caused ATP depletion comparable to that produced by oxygen deprivation but did not reproduce the lesions of anoxia. In these cells, unrestrained mitochondrial activity may be an important source of anoxic injury.     

Effect of the pentosanpolysulfate SP 54 on the collagen of embryonic limb buds cultured in vitro

Summary After addition of SP 54 to limb buds from 11-day-old mouse embryos in tissue culture, collagen with an altered structure is produced.Durchgeführt mit Unterstützung durch die DFG (SFB 29).     

A model of calibration for subjective probability distributions and its application to aggregation of judgements

A simple model is proposed of the statistical structure underlying the calibration of auditors' subjective probability distributions for account balances, and potentially for other unknown quantities. The model relates calibration curve shape to two parameters which represent over- or underconfidence and over- or underestimation. It is fitted to data from expert auditors. Different types of account appear to have different calibration characteristics. The model helps predict approximately the effects on calibration of aggregating individual subject distributions. Aggregation improves accuracy, but produces a strong tendency towards underconfidence. One aggregation method, predicting the best judgement in the group and using it as the group judgement, is found to be quite effective, much better than averaging the fractiles of individual distributions.