响应面法优化L-异亮氨酸产生菌的摇瓶发酵条件

对黄色短杆菌突变株BM2610生产L-异亮氨酸的摇瓶发酵条件进行了研究.单因素优化了菌株BM2610的发酵培养基与培养条件,确定了发酵培养基的最佳碳氮源、最适起始pH、装液量及接种量等,进一步通过响应面分析方法优化了发酵培养基的组成配比.结果在优化条件下,BM2610摇瓶发酵平均积累L-异亮氨酸16.11 g·L~(-1),比未优化前提高了126.3%.     

基于BP神经网络与遗传算法的鸟苷发酵培养基优化

运用BP神经网络对鸟苷发酵培养基组成进行建模以及鸟苷产量预测,在此基础上利用遗传算法对鸟苷发酵培养基组成进行全局性寻优,得到最佳鸟苷发酵培养基组成:葡萄糖120 g·L-1,豆饼水解液50 g·L-1,酵母粉16 g·L-1,(NH4)2SO415 g·L-1,味精10 g·L-1,CaCO320 g·L-1(分消),CaCl22 g·L-1,硫酸镁3 g·L-1,生物素0.9 mg·L-1,硫酸锰4 mg·L-1,磷酸二氢钾4 g·L-1。结果表明,BP神经网络与遗传算法耦联法能够有效地优化发酵培养基配比。     

基于代谢流导向与分析的L-异亮氨酸发酵条件优化

基于代谢流导向与分析,对L 异亮氨酸种子培养基中碳氮源组合、豆饼水解液用量和种子pH控制条件进行了研究,得到了优化的种子培养条件;采用均匀设计法考察了发酵培养基中几种主要成分对发酵的影响,得到葡萄糖、(NH4)2SO4、VH、VB、VB1的最适用量,分析了这4种组分对增大L 异亮氨酸合成代谢流的作用,并对最适供氧量进行了研究,得到最佳发酵条件,在此条件下产L 异亮氨酸19.1g/L。     

利用均匀设计和MATLAB软件优化L-异亮氨酸发酵条件

采用均匀设计法考查了L 异亮氨酸生产菌黄色短杆菌Brevibacteriumflavum的种子培养基和发酵培养基中几种主要成分对L 异亮氨酸发酵的影响,通过MATLAB软件分析获得最佳种子培养基和发酵培养基配比,在此条件下该菌株可产L 异亮氨酸15 1g/L。     

过表达hom基因对谷氨酸棒杆菌发酵L-异亮氨酸的影响

谷氨酸棒杆菌(Corynebacterium glutamicum)中hom基因编码的高丝氨酸脱水酶为L-异亮氨酸合成过程的关键酶,本研究通过在L-异亮氨酸生产菌C.glutamicum YILW中过表达高丝氨酸脱水酶,考察过表达高丝氨酸脱水酶对发酵L-异亮氨酸产量的影响.以L-异亮氨酸生产菌C.glutamicum YILW基因组为模板克隆hom基因,将hom基因与表达载体pXMJ19连接构建出重组质粒pXMJ19-hom,再转入C.glutamicum YILW构建C.glutamicumYILW(pXMJ19-hom).通过5,L罐发酵研究重组质粒对工程菌的生长、耗糖、L-异亮氨酸产量及副产物积累等方面的影响.结果显示,重组酶的表达使菌株对L-苏氨酸的抗反馈抑制作用得到加强.最终L-异亮氨酸和L-蛋氨酸积累量分别为36.5,g/L和2.8,g/L,分别较出发菌株提高7%和33%,同时L-赖氨酸合成量仅为2.1,g/L,较出发菌株降低了63.8%.     

溶氧控制对黄色短杆菌YILW合成L-异亮氨酸的影响

对黄色短杆菌YILW合成L-异亮氨酸的发酵溶氧条件进行了探索,构建了该菌合成上L-异亮氨酸的代谢网络和代谢流平衡模型.在30 L发酵罐中考察了不同溶氧浓度下L-异亮氨酸发酵过程.研究结果表明:高溶氧浓度有利于菌体生长,15%溶氧浓度下产酸速率高且维持的时间长,有利于L-异亮氨酸的积累.为此提出了分段控氧模式:在菌体生长...     

一株产高温纤维素酶曲霉菌的发酵条件及培养基优化

对一株产高温纤维素酶的曲霉(Aspergillus sp.)F4菌株进行培养基及发酵条件的优化.最佳产酶液体培养基配方为:稻草粉40 g·L-1,(NH4)2SO43.5 g·L-1,NaCl 2 g·L-1,KH2PO42 g·L-1,MgSO4.7H2O 0.5g·L-1,甘油0.20%,pH 5.5;优化后CMC酶活力提高16.7倍.优化后产酶条件为:接种量4%,温度37℃,摇床转速150 r.min-1,装液量80 mL/250 mL.在此条件下发酵8 d,CMC酶活力达到了12.26 U.mL-1,比优化前提高了约2倍.     

柠檬酸钠对L-异亮氨酸发酵及代谢流量分布的影响

分析黄色短杆菌(Brevibacterium flavum)中L–异亮氨酸生物合成途径得知,添加柠檬酸钠利于L–异亮氨酸发酵.通过考察柠檬酸添加量对副产物含量、菌体生物量、菌体比生长速率及L–异亮氨酸产量的影响,得出柠檬酸钠的最适添加量为2.0 g/L.应用代谢流分析方法研究了柠檬酸钠对L–异亮氨酸发酵中后期细胞内代谢流分布的影响.结果表明,在初始发酵培养基中添加2.0 g/L柠檬酸钠后,合成副产物的代谢流量明显减少,EMP途径代谢流从63.34减弱至46.54,而L–异亮氨酸的生物合成代谢流增长至23.28,较添加前提高了5.91%,且产量提高了7.87%.因此,发酵过程中添加柠檬酸钠可有效减少副产物的生成,提高L–异亮氨酸生物合成途径的代谢流量.     

近红外光谱分析技术在监测L-异亮氨酸发酵过程中的应用

以L-异亮氨酸发酵过程的发酵液为样品, 用偏最小二乘法考察2种光谱采集方式、 7种光谱预处理方法及不同光谱波段选择对建立5种氨基酸光谱预测模型精度的影响. 通过建立L-异亮氨酸发酵过程中主副产物最佳光谱预测模型, 确定最佳光谱信息采集方式、 光谱预处理方法、 光谱波长范围及模型因子数. 结果表明: 反射扫描优于透射扫描获取光谱所建最佳预测模型; 反射光谱采集L- 异亮氨酸、 L-丙氨酸、 L-谷氨酸、 L-亮氨酸和L-苏氨酸5种氨基酸最佳校正模型相关系数均大于0.96, 其交互验证均方差分别为1.760,0.462,0.430,0.259,0.199, 相对分析误差分别为7.8,6.8,6.3,5.0,6.4, 表明所提出的近红外光谱分析法快速检测氨基酸发酵液中各成分稳定可行.     

近红外光谱分析技术在监测L-异亮氨酸发酵过程中的应用

以L-异亮氨酸发酵过程的发酵液为样品, 用偏最小二乘法考察2种光谱采集方式、 7种光谱预处理方法及不同光谱波段选择对建立5种氨基酸光谱预测模型精度的影响. 通过建立L-异亮氨酸发酵过程中主副产物最佳光谱预测模型, 确定最佳光谱信息采集方式、 光谱预处理方法、 光谱波长范围及模型因子数. 结果表明: 反射扫描优于透射扫描获取光谱所建最佳预测模型; 反射光谱采集L- 异亮氨酸、 L-丙氨酸、 L-谷氨酸、 L-亮氨酸和L-苏氨酸5种氨基酸最佳校正模型相关系数均大于0.96, 其交互验证均方差分别为1.760,0.462,0.430,0.259,0.199, 相对分析误差分别为7.8,6.8,6.3,5.0,6.4， 表明所提出的近红外光谱分析法快速检测氨基酸发酵液中各成分稳定可行.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the