A~2/O污水处理工艺中污泥提浓与除磷的新方法

针对传统A~2/O污水处理工艺脱氮效果好而除磷效果不佳的原因,提出了以硫酸烧渣为原料制铁黑,与除磷剂复配,制备复合除磷提浓剂的方法;结合自制提浓机,实现了剩余污泥的快速提浓分离和A~2/O污水处理工艺的高效脱氮除磷.提浓后分离出的清水含磷量小于0.5 mg/L,清水可以直接排放,也可以返回处理系统,稀释进水,提高A~2/O污水处理系统的处理能力.     

分点进水高效除磷脱氮工艺理论及其应用

在分点进水高效除磷脱氮工艺(ECOSUNIDE)中,以统一动力学为理论基础,对动力学方程进行了分析,并对分点进水高效除磷脱氮工艺进行了工程性试验.研究表明,分点进水高效除磷脱氮系统比另一组未改造的A2/O系统可多处理水量4 500 m3/d,具有明显的水量优势。在低温、低碳源条件下,分点进水高效除磷脱氮系统出水BOD,COD和氨氮质量浓度分别稳定在6,25和1.9 mg/L左右,满足国家城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准(GB 18918—2002)一级A出水标准,其他指标稳定达到一级B出水标准。通过对分点进水高效除磷脱氮与A2/O系统内的活性污泥进行镜检分析比较,发现分点进水高效除磷脱氮系统内的活性污泥性状较好,生物相更丰富,污泥菌胶团颜色较深,较紧密,絮体边缘较清晰,丝状菌明显.     

序批式反应器脱氮除磷工艺的实验研究

为提高污水脱氮除磷的效率,降低运行成本,对SBR脱氮除磷工艺进行了研究.采用"进水-搅拌-曝气-沉淀-排泥-闲置"的SBR运行模式,在运行工况下通过对COD、氨氮、总磷去除效果的考察来探讨污泥质量浓度、缺氧/好氧时间、p H、溶解氧与脱氮除磷和有机物去除之间的关系,并确定最佳运行条件.实验结果表明,当污泥质量浓度为3 255 mg/L,脱氮除磷效果最好,COD、总磷、氨氮的去除率分别为73.33%、98.90%、85.90%;缺氧阶段p H先快速下降后缓慢下降,聚磷菌大量释磷,在厌氧2.5 h释磷效果达到最佳;在好氧阶段,溶解氧控制在1.05~1.09 mg/L,结合实际情况确定最佳好氧时间为4.0 h.     

节能降耗城市污水处理装备与过程控制系统集成及示范

针对当前绝大多数污水处理厂难于稳定达到国家一级A排放标准及能耗物耗高、占地面积大以及管理技术水平和手段不到位等一系列问题,该课题开展城市污水生物脱氮除磷节能降耗和省地型城市污水处理技术与设备的研发,完成城市污水处理厂节能降耗技术与设备的系统集成,并开发以精确控制为目标的高排放标准城市污水处理精细化管理技术,以及以提升系统稳定性能为目标的城市污水处理过程控制系统,最后通过课题成果在实际工程中的应用及示范,推动我国城市污水处理技术和应用领域的行业进步和发展。主要研究内容分为低耗型城市污水生物脱氮除磷关键技术研发,包括A2/O(含A/O)分段进水工艺同步脱氮除磷新技术、SBR工艺低碳脱氮除磷新技术、氧化沟低碳节能脱氮除磷新技术等;省地型城市污水处理装备及节能降耗关键设备研发,包括转碟曝气氧化沟MBBR工艺配套机械曝气/推流装置、高抗性强效可张微孔曝气器、新型高效充氧表面曝气设备等;节能降耗城市污水处理精细化管理技术及过程控制系统开发;中试基地和示范工程建设等。通过课题的实施,该年度申请4项专利,撰写5篇论文,形成了4套能稳定达一级A排放标准的污水处理工艺和节能降耗关键技术,并启动了节能降耗城市污水处理系统中试基地和示范工程的研究,到目前为止,课题进展顺利并取得了丰硕的成果。当然,课题在实施过程中也不可避免的存在一些问题,例如:科研经费的使用和管理、以及新产品新技术的推广应用等,建议政府能够对新的课题成果加大政府引导和采购机制,为科研成果创造更多的市场。相信通过该课题的实施,能促进城市污水处理调控技术和新工艺的发展,利于污水处理厂的升级改造,节省运营成本;带动相关产业发展,促进水污染物削减、提高水污染治理投入的实效和污水资源化水平;扩大环境保护行业的社会认知水平,带动和促进行业技术全面进步。     

城市污水处理厂增加脱氮除磷功能的浅析

按照《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB18918-2002）的要求,我国早期城市污水处理厂面临增加脱氮除磷工艺的升级改造。通过文献总结了近年国内城市污水处理厂常见的脱氮除磷工艺改造方法。围绕城市污水处理厂设计、进水水质指标、工艺选择、现有构筑物处理能力等问题进行了分析与探讨,为更多的城市污水处理厂实施脱氮除磷提供参考。     

变頻技术在城市污水处理厂生产控制中的应用

由于进水泵站潜污泵的设计与实际进水量存在偏差,产生间断性进水现象,造成污水处理厂污水处理工艺不稳定、自控仪表和相关设备工作失常.利用恒液位调频技术控制实现"相对恒流"工艺和变频节能,并确保污水处理水质达标和污泥脱水效果.     

改进SBR处理垃圾渗滤液深度脱氮的启动与实现

为了在去除渗滤液中有机物的同时实现深度脱氮,利用SBR法灵活多变的反应过程,采用交替曝气和搅拌至硝化结束,然后在不添加任何外碳源的条件下以充分缺氧搅拌至内源反硝化结束的方式运行SBR系统.系统通过交替硝化反硝化、同步硝化反硝化和内源反硝化的协同作用,可以在不添加任何有机碳源的条件下,使系统出水的总氮含量小于40 mg/L,去除率达到95%以上,达到中国最新颁布的渗滤液总氮的排放标准.同时,由于50%左右的总氮是利用原水碳源在内源反硝化的作用下脱除的,试验期间的污泥浓度在没有排泥的条件下始终稳定在6 g/L左右,污泥产量大幅度减少.不同操作模式下的对比试验表明:污泥中PHA的含量是决定系统脱氮效率的重要因素;硝化前的厌氧搅拌以及短间隔曝气有利于增加污泥的储碳量,提高了系统的脱氮效率;传统的持续曝气后搅拌无法通过内源反硝化实现深度脱氮.     

高氮废水分段进水A/O工艺脱氮效果研究

为探讨分段进水A/O工艺在处理高氮废水时的脱氮效果,进行了小试试验研究,试验时采用自配的高氮废水作为进水原料,采用5段进水A/O工艺,分析了每段进、出水氨氮、硝氮和总氮的含量及去除率,在此基础上继而分析了该工艺脱氮的机理。结果表明:1)Ⅰ、Ⅱ工况下由于进水中有机物含量较高,该工况下反硝化反应不完全,造成出水中氨氮及硝氮含量较高,后续工况随着污水有机物含量的降低,出水中氨氮及硝氮去除效果愈加明显;2)该工艺中氨氮的去除主要是通过硝化细菌的硝化作用完成,且污泥有机负荷越小,氨氮去除效果越明显。研究结果可为国内外广泛推广生物脱氮除磷技术提供理论基础。     

城市污水脱氮除磷新工艺的发展动态

传统的同步脱氮除磷处理工艺存在着诸如泥龄矛盾、碳源竞争等问题,污水进水的低碳源更是给脱氮除磷带来不利影响。文章综述了目前脱氮除磷新工艺的发展动态,介绍了双污泥—诱导结晶工艺、CDPR-BAF工艺、CWSBR工艺和接触氧化—强化混凝组合工艺,并对新型脱氮除磷工艺的发展进行了展望。     

城市污水处理中污泥的除磷脱氮工艺探讨

城市污水污泥的处理,是城市污水处理不可缺少和重要环节,对彻底解决好污水处理,防止出现二次污染或者循环污染起着至关重要的作用。本文就污水处理中的污泥除磷脱氮工艺从SBR工艺和氧化沟工艺方面进行了对比和分析。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.